PRIORITY DIRECTIONS FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF REGIONAL ARCHITECTURE IN KAZAKHSTAN IN THE 21ST CENTURY

Abstract

The article offers an in-depth analysis of the key directions in the development of regional architecture in Kazakhstan in the 21st century. Modern architecture evolves under various factors, including environmental conditions, technological advancements, socio-economic realities, and cultural-historical contexts. The late 20th and early 21st centuries have also brought global challenges such as globalisation, environmental crises, technological and anthropogenic disasters, and military conflicts. This research, with its comprehensive approach, plays a crucial role in identifying the factors influencing contemporary architecture in Kazakhstan and determining the future directions for its development. The methodology included comparative analysis, systematisation of information from literary sources, project modelling, and surveys, ensuring the robustness and reliability of the findings. The primary data sources were the works of leading architecture specialists, complemented by an analysis of governmental policy documents, which provided insights into the main state policy directions in architecture. The study identified several critical directions in the development of architecture in Kazakhstan: sustainable development and “green” architecture, the digitalisation of the architectural and construction sector, the adaptive reuse and repurposing of existing buildings, participatory design, and the strengthening of architectural identity, which is crucial in the context of growing globalism. The findings of this research can serve as a foundation for developing new theoretical concepts in regional architecture and can be integrated into architectural educational programmes. These results will also benefit projects related to preserving and restoring architectural monuments, conserving cultural heritage, and adapting it to contemporary needs, enhancing both these objects’ functional appeal and economic value.