Special Weight Research Articles

Anisotropic ball Campanato-type function spaces and their applications

Let A be a general expansive matrix and let X be a ball quasi-Banach function space on $${\mathbb {R}}^n$$ , whose certain power (namely its convexification) supports a Fefferman–Stein vector-valued maximal inequality and the associate space of whose other power supports the boundedness of the powered Hardy–Littlewood maximal operator. The authors first introduce some anisotropic ball Campanato-type function spaces associated with both A and X, prove that these spaces are dual spaces of anisotropic Hardy spaces $$H_X^A({\mathbb {R}}^n)$$ associated with both A and X, and obtain various anisotropic Littlewood–Paley function characterizations of $$H_X^A({\mathbb {R}}^n)$$ . Also, as applications, the authors establish several equivalent characterizations of anisotropic ball Campanato-type function spaces, which, combined with the atomic decomposition of tent spaces associated with both A and X, further induce their Carleson measure characterization. All these results have a wide range of generality and, particularly, even when they are applied to Morrey spaces and Orlicz-slice spaces, some of the obtained results are also new. The novelties of this article are reflected in that, to overcome the essential difficulties caused by the absence of both an explicit expression and the absolute continuity of the quasi-norm $$\Vert \cdot \Vert _X$$ under consideration, the authors embed X under consideration into the anisotropic weighted Lebesgue space with certain special weight and then fully use the known results of this weighted Lebesgue space.

“Data, data, data” – post-Brexit data governance and its relation to the UK’s economic model

ABSTRACT This paper studies the UK’s post-Brexit turn toward softening data protection standards. It uses this case to develop a perspective on data governance that is rooted in the growth model framework. With this approach, it illustrates how incentives to ease data-based value creation can be tied to certain macroeconomic conditions. The studied data protection reform serves as a crucial event at which links between macroeconomic conditions and policy action promise to become particularly visible. As the analysis shows, the UK government’s policy discourse and actions reflect various facets of the country’s data economy that have special weight in the UK’s growth model: the importance of data markets and advertising, the role of tech and data in attracting foreign investments, and the general importance of tech and data-intense service industries. The case study therefore points to important analytical dimensions that are relevant more generally for the study of evolving growth regimes.

Hardy spaces associated with ball quasi‐Banach function spaces on spaces of homogeneous type: Characterizations of maximal functions, decompositions, and dual spaces

AbstractLet be a space of homogeneous type in the sense of Coifman and Weiss, and let be a ball quasi‐Banach function space on , which supports both a Fefferman–Stein vector‐valued maximal inequality and the boundedness of the powered Hardy–Littlewood maximal operator on its associate space. The authors first introduce the Hardy space , associated with , via the grand maximal function and then establish its various real‐variable characterizations, respectively, in terms of radial or nontangential maximal functions, atoms or finite atoms, and molecules. As an application, the authors give the dual space of , which proves to be a ball Campanato‐type function space associated with . All these results have a wide range of generality and, particularly, even when they are applied to variable Hardy spaces, the obtained results are also new. The major novelties of this paper exist in that, to escape both the reverse doubling condition of μ and the triangle inequality of ρ, the authors cleverly construct admissible sequences of balls and fully use the geometrical properties of expressed by dyadic reference points or dyadic cubes and, to overcome the difficulty caused by the lack of the good dense subset of , the authors further prove that can be embedded into the weighted Lebesgue space with certain special weight and then can fully use the known results of the weighted Lebesgue space.

Advantages of Using Unweighted Approximation Error Measures for Model Fit Assessment

Fit indices are highly frequently used for assessing the goodness of fit of latent variable models. Most prominent fit indices, such as the root-mean-square error of approximation (RMSEA) or the comparative fit index (CFI), are based on a noncentrality parameter estimate derived from the model fit statistic. While a noncentrality parameter estimate is well suited for quantifying the amount of systematic error, the complex weighting function involved in its calculation makes indices derived from it challenging to interpret. Moreover, noncentrality-parameter-based fit indices yield systematically different values, depending on the indicators’ level of measurement. For instance, RMSEA and CFI yield more favorable fit indices for models with categorical as compared to metric variables under otherwise identical conditions. In the present article, approaches for obtaining an approximation discrepancy estimate that is independent from any specific weighting function are considered. From these unweighted approximation error estimates, fit indices analogous to RMSEA and CFI are calculated and their finite sample properties are investigated using simulation studies. The results illustrate that the new fit indices consistently estimate their true value which, in contrast to other fit indices, is the same value for metric and categorical variables. Advantages with respect to interpretability are discussed and cutoff criteria for the new indices are considered.

EXİSTİNG PROBLEMS İN THE SPHERE OF DEVELOPMENT OF İNTERNATİONAL TRADE İN THE REPUBLİC OF AZERBAİJAN

EXİSTİNG PROBLEMS İN THE SPHERE OF DEVELOPMENT OF İNTERNATİONAL TRADE İN THE REPUBLİC OF AZERBAİJAN

Homogeneous ACM bundles on isotropic Grassmannians

Abstract In this paper, we characterize homogeneous arithmetically Cohen–Macaulay (ACM) bundles over isotropic Grassmannians of types 𝐵, 𝐶 and 𝐷 in terms of step matrices. We show that there are only finitely many irreducible homogeneous ACM bundles by twisting line bundles over these isotropic Grassmannians. So we classify all homogeneous ACM bundles over isotropic Grassmannians combining the results on usual Grassmannians by Costa and Miró-Roig. Moreover, if the irreducible initialized homogeneous ACM bundles correspond to some special highest weights, then they can be characterized by succinct forms.

Formation of narrow-leaved lupine productivity depending on seed inoculation and fertilization

Narrow-leaved lupine is characterised by valuable economic features, so it is an important source of balanced and easily digestible vegetable protein. The purpose of the study was to substantiate the effect of seed inoculation and fertiliser on the growth and development of narrow-leaved lupine plants in order to maximise the genetic potential of the variety in Polissya conditions. The following research methods were used: general scientific (induction and deduction, generalisation), special (field, measurement and weight, physiological, laboratory), and statistical (correlation and regression). Field studies were conducted during 2019- 2021. The features of growth and development of narrow-leaved lupine plants of the Olimp variety in Polissya conditions were investigated. The positive effect of seed inoculation with bacterial preparations and foliar fertilization with complex fertiliser on the productivity of narrow-leaved lupine, which plays an important role in solving the problem of plant protein, was established. The optimal area of the leaf surface of plants was determined by optimising the elements of agricultural technology of narrow-leaved lupine. The photosynthetic potential of lupine was determined depending on seed inoculation with biological preparations and fertiliser. The studied factors increase stem density, plant survival, and improve the indicators of individual crop productivity. Inoculation of seeds with biologics and foliar application ensures the formation of the highest (2.43 t/ha) grain productivity of narrow-leaved lupine. Seed inoculation increases the yield of narrow-leaved lupine grain by 10.8-11.4%, depending on nutritional background. Foliar application of plants with complex fertiliser in phases BBCH 21-23 and BBCH 51 on a mineral background for seed inoculation provides a 2.8% increase in grain yield compared to the control. The findings can be used to improve the elements of the technology of growing narrow-leaved lupine, which will ensure high and stable grain yields

Notch fatigue behavior of a titanium alloy in the VHCF regime based on a vibration fatigue test

The notch fatigue behavior of a titanium alloy TC17 in the very high cycle fatigue (VHCF) regime is investigated by a vibration-based bending fatigue test. A complete S-N relation of notched specimens with high resonance frequencies is obtained, covering the lifetime up to 109 cycles, and the fracture surfaces are observed. The results show the TC17 exhibits relatively high fatigue notch sensitivity. Several fatigue crack initiation mechanisms relevant to the notch are then revealed. Furthermore, a notch fatigue prediction model based on a modified theory of critical distance is proposed by introducing a special weight function, which is demonstrated to have good prediction accuracy.

Induced aggregation operators for interval basic uncertain information

Interval basic uncertain information is a generalization of basic uncertain information. Due to their special structures, the induced aggregation and induced OWA operators have diversified inducing aggregation modes for them. In order to provide both normative paradigms and special ways to perform reasonable induced aggregation with vectors of interval basic uncertain information, this work systematically analyzes some substantial ways of performing induced aggregation by special means of non-induced aggregation. Numerous inducing posets are suggested to use which can help automatically generate weight vectors. Some special weights generation methods based on complex inducing information with numerical examples are also proposed and presented.

“The heat like a boar’s tusk”: the moment of the immigrant’s arrival between historical experience and poetic dimension in Migraciones [Migrations] by Gloria Gervitz

ABSTRACT The article deals with the literary treatment of a female immigrant’s arrival in the host land Mexico in Gloria Gervitz’s poem Migraciones. This arrival, as a topical moment, has been often described, remembered and imagined in autobiographical texts by Mexican authors of Ashkenazi origin, second- or third- generation immigrants. The article shows how Gervitz, in her repetition and variation of the arrival as a foundational scene, gives special weight to the emotional dimensions of the process.

ESC-Leitlinie 2022: Management ventrikulärer Arrhythmien in der klinischen Praxis

The recently published guideline of the European Society of Cardiology for the management of patients with ventricular arrhythmias and the prevention of sudden cardiac death updates the guideline from 2015. Overall, the current guideline is characterised by a great practical relevance: Illustrative algorithms, e.g., for diagnostic evaluation, and tables make the guideline a user-friendly reference book. In the diagnostic evaluation and risk stratification of sudden cardiac death, cardiac magnetic resonance imaging and genetic testing are significantly upgraded. In long-term management, the optimal treatment of the underlying disease is essential, and recommendations for heart failure therapy are adapted to current international guidelines. Catheter ablation is upgraded especially for patients with ischaemic cardiomyopathy and recurrent ventricular tachycardia, as well as in the management of symptomatic idiopathic ventricular arrhythmias. Criteria for primary prophylactic defibrillator therapy remain controversial. In the context of dilated cardiomyopathy, imaging, genetic testing, and clinical factors are given special weight in addition to left ventricular function. Additionally, revised diagnostic criteria for a large number of primary electrical diseases are provided.

A new approach to proper orthogonal decomposition with difference quotients

In a recent work (Koc et al., SIAM J. Numer. Anal. 59(4), 2163–2196, 2021), the authors showed that including difference quotients (DQs) is necessary in order to prove optimal pointwise in time error bounds for proper orthogonal decomposition (POD) reduced order models of the heat equation. In this work, we introduce a new approach to including DQs in the POD procedure. Instead of computing the POD modes using all of the snapshot data and DQs, we only use the first snapshot along with all of the DQs and special POD weights. We show that this approach retains all of the numerical analysis benefits of the standard POD DQ approach, while using a POD data set that has approximately half the number of snapshots as the standard POD DQ approach, i.e., the new approach requires less computational effort. We illustrate our theoretical results with numerical experiments.

Assessing sensitivities of climate model weighting to multiple methods, variables, and domains in the south-central United States

Abstract. Given the increasing use of climate projections and multi-model ensemble weighting for a diverse array of applications, this project assesses the sensitivities of climate model weighting strategies and their resulting ensemble means to multiple components, such as the weighting schemes, climate variables, or spatial domains of interest. The purpose of this study is to assess the sensitivities associated with multi-model weighting strategies. The analysis makes use of global climate models from the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 5 (CMIP5) and their statistically downscaled counterparts created with the localized constructed analogs (LOCA) method. This work focuses on historical and projected future mean precipitation and daily high temperatures of the south-central United States. Results suggest that the model weights and the corresponding weighted model means can be sensitive to the weighting strategy that is applied. For instance, when estimating model weights based on Louisiana precipitation, the weighted projections show a wetter and cooler south-central domain in the future compared to other weighting strategies. Alternatively, for example, when estimating model weights based on New Mexico temperature, the weighted projections show a drier and warmer south-central domain in the future. However, when considering the entire south-central domain in estimating the model weights, the weighted future projections show a compromise in the precipitation and temperature estimates. As for uncertainty, our matrix of results provided a more certain picture of future climate compared to the spread in the original model ensemble. If future impact assessments utilize weighting strategies, then our findings suggest that how the specific weighting strategy is used with climate projections may depend on the needs of an impact assessment or adaptation plan.

Orthogonal polynomials for self-dual weights

A class of orthogonal polynomials relative to special discrete weights is considered. These self-dual weights which are completely determined by their finite support appear in the polynomial approximation of a function over this set, in the barycentric form of classical Lagrange interpolation polynomial as well as in mathematical statistics and statistical physics. Orthogonal polynomials possess remarkable symmetry reflected in the properties of their coefficients in the three-term recurrence relations, some of which have an explicit form. Formulas for the expected values are derived.

Ethnicity as a factor in the subjective experience of loneliness in students

Introduction. The phenomenon of loneliness is multidimensional and ambigu­ous. Attitudes to loneliness are heterogeneous and mediated, among many factors, by cultural and ethnic features. Territorial proximity and historically conditioned relations and migrations of Ural-Siberian territories and Kazakhstan allow conducting intercultural and interethnic re­search. This research is devoted to the study of specifics of loneliness experience by first-year students – representatives of these nations. The problem of loneliness becomes especially ur­gent as a result of growth of anxious and depressive states, and sometimes suicidal and victim behaviour among first-year students.Aim. The aim of the current research is to identify ethnic aspects of the subjective ex­perience of loneliness of first-year students studying in Russia and Kazakhstan. The research examines the specifics of experiencing loneliness by students of different ethnic backgrounds (Russians, Kazakhs), 197 students (119 males and 78 females).Research design. The research design involved the determination of loneliness factors for the entire empirical sample (factor analysis) with subsequent calculation of the values of the received factors for each respondent. Then students were compared separately for boys and girls of Kazakh and Russian ethnicity.Measurements. To conduct the research, the authors used a set of methods to study loneliness, Zung Self-Rating Depression Scale and a questionnaire to identify the level and na­ture of loneliness by G. R. Shagivaleeva.Results. The authors found that the component composition of loneliness can be repre­sented by three factors: depressive experience of loneliness, positive experience of loneliness, experience of loneliness in interpersonal relationships. It was revealed that students of Kazakh ethnicity expressed a negative perception of loneliness (p = 0.007), actualising depressive ten­dencies. A positive experience of loneliness is more characteristic of girls than boys (p = 0.02). For girls of Kazakh ethnicity, separation from the parental family enhances the feeling of lone­liness (p < 0.05).Scientific novelty. The presented research results confirm the multidimensional nature of the phenomenon of loneliness, which determines the ambiguity of attitudes towards it and gives special weight to the value attitude towards loneliness in culture. Differences in the expe­rience of loneliness by students, due to the specifics of ethnic attitudes, are revealed. Theoretical significance of the study is determined by the identified regularities in the component composition of the experience of loneliness by students of two ethnic groups (Rus­sians and Kazakhs), its content and gender-role specificity.Practical significance. Empirical data contribute to the understanding of the ethnic characteristics of students’ experiences of loneliness and can serve as the basis for the devel­opment of university programmes that enhance psychological well-being.

ЧИТАТЕЛЬСКИЕ ЗАБОТЫ ЭСТЕТИЧЕСКОЙ КРИТИКИ

Contemporaries considered the main representatives of aesthetic criticism: V. P. Botkin, P. V. Annenkov and A. V. Druzhinin like-minded people. But they rarely referred to each other and did not assert their methodological unity. Druzhinin was a professional writer and wrote constantly, and Annenkov and Botkin were amateurs: living in literature, arts, they wrote occasionally. Therefore, Druzhinin’s aesthetic legacy looks confused and archaic, while Annenkov and Botkin’s aesthetic legacy looks solid and promising. However, Druzhinin’s aesthetic throwing is fraught with future discoveries, which gives them special weight and significance. Annenkov saw the “mirror” of society in literature and often wrote about social types, although his assessments were diametrically opposed to the democratic camp. Druzhinin has very few social type analyses, and Botkin has none.In the interpretation of the role of criticism in the literary process, the “priceless triumvirate” was more unanimous. All of them used the generally accepted terminology (“the purpose of poetry is poetry”, art is a school of feelings, pleasant and useful, “defeated difficulty”) and considered art the only means of moral education of a person, recognizing the educational value not in abstract thought, but in the beauty, “grace” of a work of art. Annenkov, Botkin and Druzhinin continue Pushkin’s interpretation of the “purpose of art” as “an ideal, not a moral teaching.” But their concepts foreshadow either the theory of L. Tolstoy’s infection, or the theory of art as the embodiment of Fet’s beauty. But Annenkov and Botkin believe that in the process of creativity and perception of a literary text, the reader only repeats the actions of the author and does not commit actions not programmed by the authors. Druzhinin recognizes the great independence of the reader.

Rethinking Maximum Mean Discrepancy for Visual Domain Adaptation.

Existing domain adaptation approaches often try to reduce distribution difference between source and target domains and respect domain-specific discriminative structures by some distribution [e.g., maximum mean discrepancy (MMD)] and discriminative distances (e.g., intra-class and inter-class distances). However, they usually consider these losses together and trade off their relative importance by estimating parameters empirically. It is still under insufficient exploration so far to deeply study their relationships to each other so that we cannot manipulate them correctly and the model's performance degrades. To this end, this article theoretically proves two essential facts: 1) minimizing MMD equals to jointly minimizing their data variance with some implicit weights but, respectively, maximizing the source and target intra-class distances so that feature discriminability degrades and 2) the relationship between intra-class and inter-class distances is as one falls and another rises. Based on this, we propose a novel discriminative MMD with two parallel strategies to correctly restrain the degradation of feature discriminability or the expansion of intra-class distance; specifically: 1) we directly impose a tradeoff parameter on the intra-class distance that is implicit in the MMD according to 1) and 2) we reformulate the inter-class distance with special weights that are analogical to those implicit ones in the MMD and maximizing it can also lead to the intra-class distance falling according to 2). Notably, we do not consider the two strategies in one model due to 2). The experiments on several benchmark datasets not only prove the validity of our revealed theoretical results but also demonstrate that the proposed approach could perform better than some compared state-of-art methods substantially. Our preliminary MATLAB code will be available at https://github.com/WWLoveTransfer/.

Pressure Drop Performance of Porous Composites Based on Cotton Cellulose Nanofiber and Aramid Nanofiber for Cigarette Filter Rod.

Porous composites have been widely used in the adsorption and catalysis field due to their special structure, abundant sites, and light weight. In this work, an environmentally friendly porous composite was successfully prepared via a facile freeze-drying method, in which cotton cellulose nanofiber (CCNF) was adopted as the main framework to construct the connected flue structure, and aramid nanofiber (ANF) was used as a reinforcer to enhance its thermal property. As-prepared porous materials retained a regulated inter-connected hole structure and controllable porosity after ice template evolution and possessed improved resistance to thermal collapse with the introduction of a small amount of aramid nanofiber, as evaluated and verified by FTIR, SEM, and TGA measurements. With the increased addition of cotton cellulose nanofiber and aramid nanofiber, the porous composites exhibited decreased porosity and increased pressure drop performance. For the CCNF/ANF-5 sample, the pressure drop was 1867 Pa with a porosity of 7.46 cm3/g, which best met the required pressure drop value of 1870 Pa. As-prepared porous composite with adjustable interior structure and enhanced thermal property could be a promising candidate in the tobacco field.

AN INVERSE PROBLEM FOR A NONLINEAR WAVE EQUATION WITH DAMPING

We consider an inverse problem of recovering two coefficients in a semi-linear wave equation. This equation contains a damping term and a term with a quadratic nonlinearity. The inverse problem consists in recovering coefficients under these terms as function of the space variable x ∈ R 3 . A forward problem for the equation with a point source is studied. As a result, the inverse problem reduce to two problems, one of them is the well known problem of X-ray tomography, the other one is the problem of the integral geometry with a with a special weight function. The latter problem is studied and a stability estimate for the solution of this problem is stated.

ГЛИНЯНЫЕ ПРЯСЛА ТЕТЮШСКОГО-II ГОРОДИЩА ИМЕНЬКОВСКОЙ КУЛЬТУРЫ И ИХ АРХЕОЛОГИЧЕСКИЙ КОНТЕКСТ

The article deals with clay spindle whorls, special weights for spindles, necessary for spinning threads from various materials — wool, vegetable fibers (nettle, flax). They were found at the Tetyushy-II hillfort of the Imenkovo culture, in the Republic of Tatarstan. The hillfort was studied by K.A. Rudenko in 2007–2013. It differs from many other sites of the Imenkovo culture in its clear stratigraphy with dated layers. A total of 186 spindle whorls were found. This is currently one of the most representative collections of these artifacts from archaeological excavations at the settlements of the Imenkovo culture in the Kazan Volga region. According to the complex of features, 6 types of spindle whorls were distinguished. The typology is based on the shape of the product. Three types of these products, the shape of which is truncated-biconical, are the most common in the Imenkovo settlements. They differ in their sizes: small (diameter up to 2.6 cm), medium (diameter up to 3.5 cm) and large (diameter up to 5 cm). The objectivity of such a grouping is also confirmed by the weight parameters of these sections: small — up to 7 g, medium — up to 11 g, and large — up to 25 g. The dependence of the weight of the spindle whorls on the diameter of the channel through which it was put on the spindle whorls was revealed. At Tetyushy-II fortified hillfort, fragments of spindle whorls make up 33.8% of their total number and most often they are found in the lower horizon of the III — upper horizon of the IV layer, which were formed at the end of the 6th — the first half of the 7th century. There are few spindle whorls decorated with ornaments — 16% of the total. The most frequently decorated with ornaments (dots, crests, etc.) were medium-sized spindle whorls. Based on the materials of the Tetyushy-II hillfort and finds from the Imenkovo settlements located in the lower reaches of the Kama: Shcherbet’-I (island), the settlement, the settlements of “Kurgan” and “Devichiy Gorodok” and a number of others in the amount of 375 copies, methods for making Imenkovo spindle whorls. These products were made in 4 ways: from a blank in the form of a finished product; from a cylindrical billet with further sculptural refinement; from a ring blank with sculptural refinement; of three bundles, by winding onto a rod. For the first method, master models were probably used. Clay with an admixture of sand, sometimes fine chamotte and organic matter, and in some cases crushed shells of river mollusk shells was used for the manufacture of spindle whorls. It was found that in most cases the spinners were associated with buildings and were used in household crafts (spinning). Since the weight of the spindle whorls is small, then, apparently, several of them were put on the spindle, depending on the raw material for spinning. Thus, according to the materials of the Tetyushy-II hillfort, the systematization of the Imenkovo culture was carried out, for the first time methods of manufacturing were identified, the most characteristic types of these products for the 6th–7th centuries in the Kazan Volga region were determined.