Types Of Special Services Research Articles

Formation of a Methodological Model of investment audit

The paper considers the reasons that actualize the need for an investment audit, reveals its concept as a special type of audit service. The generalization of the existing positions of scientists on the applied methods and procedures of investment audit revealed the leading role of analytical procedures used to provide this service. The subject of the study is an investment audit as a segment of the activities of external and internal auditors. The purpose of the study is to form conceptual approaches and a methodological model of investment audit. The authors used general scientific principles and research methods: systematization, induction and deduction, synthesis and analysis. The empirical basis was statistical data and scientific works of Russian and foreign scientists. The article discusses the reasons that actualize the need for investment audit, reveals its concept as a special type of this service. n the course of the work, the analysis of factors influencing management decisions in the field of investments was carried out. Also, there were determined the audit tasks for each stage of the investment project and regulatory regulations; the methods used for investment audit and internal control were generalized. The paper consists the conceptual and methodological models of investment audit, revealing its principles, methods, prerequisites, information sources, control points. The results of the study have theoretical and applied significance as well as can be used by researchers in the field of financial control, auditors, business entities.

PUBLIC SERVICES AS AN OBJECT OF MANAGEMENT INFLUENCE IN LOCAL GOVERNMENT BODIES

Objective. The objective of the article is to clarify the essence of the "public services" category and to determine ways to improve the management processes of their provision in local self-government bodies. Methods. In the research process, a set of general scientific methods and techniques of research are applied: analysis, synthesis, generalization, comparison, grouping, induction, deduction. The theoretical and methodological basis of the research contains the provisions of the theory of management, public and state administration. In order to evaluate the process of providing public services in the conditions of local self-government bodies of the city of Kryvyi Rih, the SWOT analysis method is used. Results. In the study, based on the conducted content analysis of the approaches of scientists and practitioners, the category of "public service" is clarified. It should be understood as a special type of service, the result of the functioning of public authorities, aimed at the prompt resolution of socially significant problems and the implementation of state functions at all levels ( national and local). The analysis of the provision of public services in the conditions of the local self-government bodies of the city of Kryvyi Rih, carried out using the SWOT-analysis methodology adapted to the sphere of public administration, makes it possible to single out comparative advantages of this process (based on the analysis of strengths and opportunities), challenges for the management system of the provision of public services in the city (based on the analysis of weaknesses and opportunities), as well as identify the existing risks associated with this process of management and administration. It is determined that the improvement of the management process of the provision of public services in the city should be carried out within the framework of the implementation of the strategic program for the development of the public services system, the basis of which should be the following measures: 1. developing control mechanisms for the quality of the provision of public services by local self-government bodies; 2. developing an effective system of motivation of personnel providing public services; 3. reforming the approach to the personnel strategy of personnel formation and creating an emphasis on the educational level and specialty for which the future employee of the TsNP or department was educated; 4. ensuring interoperability.

Some legal issues about credit cards in Vietnam - Compare with US law provisions

Credit card service is a relatively special type of service. In essence, the specialness of this type of business is expressed in the fact that credit institutions have combined their two basic operations, including payment activities and credit granting activities into one type of service. The law about credit cards requires a smooth combination of the above provisions and constitutes a complete legal framework to regulate issues including the card business of credit institutions, credit card usage of customers, intermediary payment activities of card payment organizations. The initial research results show that risks in the credit card payment process are inevitable. In addition to the risks of technical and security factors, other risks involve legal risks for the obligation to ensure safety for credit card payment activities of entities related to this process. Hence, the identification of legal risks to clearly define the legal rights and obligations of related parties is a necessary study that contributes to the development of Vietnam's credit card market in the integration period. On the basis of comparing with the provisions of the law of the United States governing credit cards, the authors contend that this separate legal document for credit cards needs to be emphasized on important contents such as cardholders, credit card issuance and use contracts, the problems of clarification of responsibility to bear risks, interest rates and fees for the use of credit cards, credit limits, problems with consumer credit card abuse, and credit card fraud. These contents will be analyzed in detail to make recommendations with the aim of creating a complete legal framework in regulating credit card activities. Thereby we can take advantage of credit cards as well as minimize disadvantages from credit cards.

Research on the positioning of consulting as a special type of service

Research on the positioning of consulting as a special type of service

FACTORS AFFECTING THE BRAND VALUE OF SOME PRIVATE ECONOMIC UNIVERSITIES IN HO CHI MINH CITY, VIETNAM

Branding is extremely important as it has long-term implications for all organizations. Concerns about branding have been initially raised in the field of tangible products and are now shifting towards the service sector. The arguments are: (1) The intangible nature of the service makes consumers rely more on branding to support quality assessment and reduce the risk of buying decisions; (2) Many types of services need to rely on brand reputation to attract customers such as healthcare, consulting, education. Higher education is a special type of service with its own characteristics: highly intangible contents, the affects on human minds, difficulties with assessing the quality, emphasis on prestige, the need to have specific conditions to use. The above characteristics make the brand of a training/education institution become very important when future learners are making their choice.

Понятие и виды социальных услуг

It has been established that, for many years, special legal entities of state and municipal forms of ownership were created as characteristic of the social protection of citizens. In the modern period of development of organizations, the designated relations are associated with the transfer of state functions to legal entities, regardless of their form of ownership and to individuals. This tendency manifests itself in the creation of a system within which small and medium-sized businesses are also involved in the provision of social services. The article presents an analysis of social services from the standpoint of the systemic construction of relations. It is proposed to understand the social service system as the elements resulting in the provision of social services, these relations are regulated by public and private norms. It is concluded that such services are provided by a special subject composition of organizations and individual entrepreneurs, as well as by state-authorized bodies that coordinate these relations, decide to classify citizens as needy. A comparative analysis of the legislative concept “social service system” and its differences from the “system of social services” is offered. Through the analysis of the convergence of private and public principles, the tendency of convergence of the norms of social security and civil law is revealed. It is proposed to consider the types of social services through the features of social services as a special type of service. A comparison of social service legislation and provisions on social entrepreneurship is given. Identifying trends in the development of law, the author concluded that the legislator, by transferring part of the authority to provide social services to subjects of social entrepreneurship, determines the area of responsibility of each subject of relations, develops a mechanism for providing services through a competitive basis of providers of social services. Social services can be provided by any entity, including non-profit organizations. Social services can be provided by any entity, including non-profit organizations.

A Scalable Routing Architecture for Next Generation Gatekeeper Independent of Service Domain

In traditional gatekeeper architectures, call routing has many drawbacks such as long call setup delay, heavy burden on gatekeeper, low channel utilization and lack of scalability. We propose a scalable routing architecture for next generation gatekeeper, which is independent of real-time services plane. The design principle is gatekeeper call routing may be separated from its call process. Next generation multimedia networks, which feature with large capability and multi-domains, consist of Connecting Domain for call routing and Service Domain for call process. Next generation gatekeeper is the important entity in Connecting Domain, adopts Telephony Routing over IP to realize dynamic routing. We consider this routing as a special type of service and investigate the method of routing creation and routing provisioning. Validation in a testing platform shows that the proposed routing architecture can provide admirable routing performance. It also goes through stress and capability test. So it is a better choice for multimedia communication system with flexible extension and network cost saving.

Patterns of Medical, Educational, and Mental Health Service Use in a National Sample of US Children

Special services are provided to children by the medical, educational, and mental health service systems, but it is unknown whether the same group of children receives different types of services or whether discrete subgroups predominantly receive these services. To determine the proportions of children who receive special medical, educational, and mental health services, individually and in combination. Using data from the 1994 National Health Interview Survey (NHIS) and its concurrent Disability Supplement (NHIS-D), we determined the proportions of children under age 18 (N = 30 032) who received each of 3 types of special services (medical, educational, mental health). We also examined the proportions of children who used combinations of these services. Finally, we determined whether the patterns of service use differed across age, sex, socioeconomic, or racial/ethnic groups. Overall, 9.6% of children used some type of special services. Somewhat greater proportions of children used specialized health services (5.5%) or educational services (5%) than mental health services (1.5%). About one third of children receiving services in each of the special medical and educational sectors are users of another type of services as well, but among children receiving mental health services, the majority also are recipients of another type of services. Highest rates of overall service use and of use in all 3 sectors were found among subgroups of children who were elementary school-aged or adolescents, male, of white non-Hispanic race/ethnicity, and living below the federal poverty level. This pattern is consistent with the literature on service utilization within the 3 systems of care and with the greater prevalence of children with chronic conditions in these same subgroups. These findings underscore the importance of communication in the planning of services for children across the medical, educational, and mental health sectors. Further research is needed to assess the actual degree of overlap among the various systems providing this care and the degree to which children and their families would benefit from more integrated systems.

Supporting Teenagers' Use of Contraceptives: A Comparison of Clinic Services

A program to provide teenage family planning clinic patients with special services designed to improve their ability to practice contraception effectively and avoid conception produced neither of these expected effects. Two types of special services were tested in nine clinics: one, to promote greater involvement of the teenager's family through special counseling sessions (family support); and the other, to provide more frequent contact between the teenager and clinic staff through telephone calls (periodic support). The services were provided in the six weeks following the first clinic visit. Only 36 percent of the girls who agreed to be in the family support group attended any counseling sessions, and only five percent of them came with a parent. Participation was greater in the periodic support group--84 percent of teenagers in the group received the follow-up phone calls. During the 15 months following the initial clinic visit, there were no significant differences in regularity of contraceptive use and pregnancy rates between the teenagers who received the special support services and those who received only the regular clinic services. About 40 percent of the special-service groups reported always using a contraceptive method during the study period, compared with 48 percent of controls; and about 40 percent of the former said they had rarely or never used a method, compared with 27 percent of the latter. The cumulative 15-month pregnancy rate was about 13 percent in both the special-service and the control groups.

The Private Duty Nurse in a New Era

HE purpose of this session is to give special consideration to the interests and problems of those members of our profession who are actively engaged in private duty, and to see this special type of service in its relation to all other fields of nursing. The session of the national Private Duty Section at Los Angeles is a milestone, and an important one, in the history of this section as it constitutes the first meeting of the group since the chairman became a member of the Board of Directors of the American Nurses' Association. Many of those present were also present at the first business session held in Washington, D. C., in April 1934, when this proposal, which had been made by the Board of Directors of the American Nurses' Association, was unanimously approved by the House of Delegates. There are other milestones along the path which has directed the Private Duty Section to its present status. Perhaps the first one was erected when one session during the convention of the Nurses' Associated Alumnae of the United States held in New York City in 1910 was assigned to the private duty nurses. A second milestone was placed when provisions for the formation of sections were included in the revised bylaws of the American Nurses' Association which were accepted at the convention held in New Orleans, Louisiana, in 1916. At this time a committee of private duty nurses was appointed to draw up by-laws (later called rules) for a private duty section, and Frances Ott became the first chairman of the Section. A third milestone points toward 1929 when the officers of the Private Duty Section were requested to meet with the American Nurses' Association Board of

Improving the Professional Status of Teachers

Adopting criteria widely accepted, we may say that a profession is an occupation that renders a high and special type of service to society and requires ample liberal and technical training for its pursuit. Furthermore, a profession yields a substantial income to a fairly permanent group of social workers, who are capable of disciplining themselves and who are constantly striving to raise their own standards of service and group conduct. Service, training, esprit de corps, and the rewards are the four factors that determine the professional status of any group of workers.' The purposes of this article are to determine the extent to which these four fundamental requirements are now met by the teaching profession, to suggest ways in which quantitative evidence has been collected and can be collected on each item, and to point out the direction which future co-operative effort should take in order to raise teaching to a more truly professional status. Service.-There can be no doubt about the professional nature of the teacher's work from the point of view of the service rendered. As the passing on of our social heritage is largely dependent on the development, exercise, and maintenance of teaching service, it is difficult to conceive of a higher and more special type of social service.