Special Technological Equipment Research Articles

Methodology for collective location fixing of observed emergencies by intersection/resection based on mobile telecomunication application with cartographic interface

In modern higher education, it is required not only to prepare students to perform work on finished tasks in the subject area they have studied. It is also necessary to prepare students for independent activities, in which students do not work on ready-made tasks, but, on the contrary, are looking for niches in business, in which they themselves can offer in the subject area they have mastered, business-demanded solutions. This is another area of activity, which also requires development while studying at a university. It can be defined as "entrepreneurial competencies of a student." In recent years, the direction "Startup as a Diploma" has been developing, in which a university graduate protects not conditional academic work, but a real technological project with business prospects, to which the students developing it have ownership rights. The creation and maintenance of such projects changes the relationship between student and teacher, for this activity it is necessary to change the traditional teaching methodology. As a task of teachers, we decided to do the following: Find a subject area related to IT development, in which, due to recent achievements, there are opportunities for fast, technically not very complex technological solutions available to students, with the help of which you can create popular solutions. The work proposes an open source software development project, within which students can, performing tasks that are feasible for themselves, create software applications that are in demand in practice, as well as develop development strategies for related business projects. The project is dedicated to solving the problem of determining the coordinates of observed objects and phenomena based on data entered simultaneously by several users in different places using household mobile devices without using special technological equipment such as theodolites or tacheometers. The authors developed a mobile application, the value of which lies in the fact that in the public field allows you to realize the monitoring potential of the population interested in preventing unwanted or dangerous events and preventing emergency situations; professional allows you to assess the quality of the navigation signal in conditions of possible targeted interference; in the educational aspect organize training in the methods of joint fixation of objects and target designation on educational geopolygons. Currently, the project is being developed by students of the Department of Data Analysis and Machine Learning of the Financial University under the Government of the Russian Federation and the Moscow State University of Geodesy and Cartography. This paper presents a description of the project, the proposed solution architecture. References to source code repositories are given. The results of the pilot versions of the software are given.

Fuzzy Model for Determining the Risk Premium to the Rental Rate When Renting Technological Equipment

The article is devoted to the method of determining the risk surcharge in rental rates for special technological equipment. The relevance and features of the task, as well as existing approaches to solve it in other subject areas, are described. The risk of landlords is highlighted as “the inability to fully ensure the receipt of a stable income recorded in the lease agreement”. The three most significant risk-forming factors are highlighted: the early return of equipment, the emergence of debt on payments from the tenant, and the breakdown of equipment due to the fault of the tenant. A fuzzy model for estimating the likelihood of the manifestation of risk-forming factors is proposed depending on the following challenges of the rental pillar: the size of the enterprise, financial stability, the age of the enterprise, the number of current trials, and the reputation of the enterprise. Describes: universal linguistics for input and output values characterizing risky components, logical output rules, and the assessment of the likelihood of risk in general. Based on the SciKit-Fuzzy library for the Python language, the model studies all available values of input variables, and tenants are presented separately on the boundary values of the enterprise parameters. A methodology for determining the rental rate, taking into account the risk surcharge, is proposed.

Development of technological equipment for autonomous testing of the shaping structure of the umbrella reflector

A shaping structure is element in most transformable reflectors to ensure the required accuracy of the reflective surface. An umbrella reflector shaping structure is a system of tensioned dimensionally stable cords in the open position. External factors influence the cords of the shaping structure, which lead to a change in the length of the cords throughout the entire life cycle of the product. It is advisable to assess the stability of the geometric dimensions of the cords, from the point of view of labor intensity, on a piece of the shaping structure – the arch system. To conduct this kind of research, there is a need to develop special technological equipment. The article considers the requirements for technological equipment and testing. The authors propose an original design of technological equipment, which allows fixing the cords of the arch system with boundary conditions similar to a real reflector. The paper describes a 3D model of the technological equipment, on the basis of which a prototype was made. The prototype ensured the assembly of a separate arch system corresponding to the standard design in terms of size, configuration and cord tension. Tests were carried out to assess the measurement error of the arch system in the manufactured experimental model. The test results confirmed the possibility of using the developed technological equipment for component tests of the shaping structure.

О ТЕХНИЧЕСКОМ СОСТОЯНИИ ПУНКТОВ ВОДОУЧЕТА НА ОТКРЫТОЙ ОРОСИТЕЛЬНОЙ СЕТИ

Purpose: to draw attention to the technical condition of water metering stations at the open irrigation network of reclamation systems and propose to use a “fixed channel” type hydrometric structure as a measuring instrument. Discussion. As the analysis of the information received from the regional departments of land reclamation and agricultural water supply showed, in recent years there has been a significant decrease in the number and level of technical condition of water metering stations in our country. According to the monitoring data of 2018 on the hydroreclamation systems of state operating organizations, 48 % of water metering stations were recognized as operational (were in good or satisfactory condition), 52 % were in non-operative state and required reconstruction or repair. Only 9 % of water accounting stations were equipped with water meters and special technological equipment, and 39 % of water metering stations did not even have such a simple measuring instrument as a hydrometric gauge. At present, due to the shortage of material resources, it is not necessary to expect a radical restructuring in equipping water metering stations with water accounting devices, and therefore, it may be right to choose cheaper and more accessible means and methods of measurement for open canals of reclamation systems. Conclusions. The main problem currently faced by water users and water consumers in the open network of reclamation systems is the lack of funds necessary for reconstruction or construction new water metering stations and equipping them with modern devices. It is also important that there is no normative documentation that helps in the construction and operation of water metering facilities. The experience of using gauging facilities in Russia and Central Asia has shown that the most common means of measuring water flow in the open channel canal (without flow compression) are “fixed channel” structures, as the most reliable and time-tested.

Analysis of electric drive systems for performance of driving and starting under load

Purpose. Perform an analysis of existing automated control systems of the electric drive and methods of forming the starting torque to determine the compliance of the selected system and method to the requirements for trouble-free mode of start and start of the technological mechanism in difficult conditions or breakaway and start under load..
 Methodology. Comparison of energy performance and capabilities of control systems and methods for the formation of starting torque, mathematical calculations, analysis of the properties of systems and methods in accordance with the requirements of technological operations during the start.
 Findings. To obtain the results of the analysis of the current methods of starting induction motors, autotransformer start was considered, which can significantly reduce the starting current, and also connect a capacitor with a reactance to reduce the current and increase the starting torque; the use of soft start with amplitude-phase control allows you to reduce the starting current and reached the absence of its impulses. The vector-pulse method of controlling the converting device increases the starting torque in the absence of an increase in starting current, such advantages have a quasi-frequency starting mode, but the application is limited by special technological equipment. Thyristor voltage regulator using the phase control method, despite its widespread use in control systems, has a low value of the starting torque. To carry out starting in difficult conditions, according to the results of the analysis of existing systems of controlled starting, it was found that a rational electric drive system for hoisting-and-transport mechanisms is a frequency-controlled electric drive system according to the "frequency converter - asynchronous motor" (FC - IM) scheme.
 Originality. For the first time it is proposed to improve the existing control systems of hoisting and transport mechanisms that perform start-up in difficult conditions when using the modes of movement to form the starting torque that exceeds the passport value by 3-4 times. Increasing energy efficiency based on increasing their efficiency, information content and data reliability. For the first time, the reasons for the shortcomings of existing control systems during start-up under load in modern production are analyzed.
 Practical value. The choice of a rational electric drive system for lifting and transport mechanisms is substantiated when starting in difficult conditions, which will provide maximum efforts in the transmission of a technological mechanism with permissible current and thermal overloads of asynchronous machines.

Non-abrasive Finishing of Mating Surfaces of Machine Parts Using Mixed Techniques with Electromagnetic Fields Application

In various branches of mechanical engineering, faucets, valves, gate valves and other shut-off devices are manufactured and used. Their main purpose is to regulate the flow rate and direction of flows of liquid and gas media. Features of such products in the aerospace and petrochemical engineering are special strict requirements due to the specificity of their operation. These include, for example, high pressure, resistance to aggressive, fire-and explosive environments, leaks of which are unacceptable according to safety rules and environmental legislation. The design of such products, as a rule, assumes high requirements for accuracy and roughness, especially at the interface of parts, high strength in case of impact pulse effects of the fluids in them. To ensure the above characteristics, finishing abrasive treatment is most commonly used, which can result in the effect of impregnation of the surfaces of products, which will negatively affect the useful life and performance indicators of the mating surfaces. At the same time, it is obvious that mechanical finishing without any use of abrasives is extremely difficult and time-consuming. The authors of the article suggest elimination of the negative effect of impregnation by means of mixed machining techniques with the application of electromagnetic fields. Purpose. The purpose of the work is to develop a technology for non-abrasive finishing of machine parts by developing a model that allows selection or calculation of the production modes of gapless mating parts of locking devices applied in various industries. Methods. The method of the research is the use of the scientific basis of mixed machining techniques, the theory of mass transfer in electrical machining, the fundamental foundations of mechanical engineering technology, modern methods for studying characteristics at the final stages of machining, modern measuring tools, special technological equipment, as well as computer technologies. Results. As a result of the research, new technique and devices were developed. This made it possible to implement a non-abrasive finishing operation of the mating surfaces of parts made of metal materials, the processing of which by mechanical methods is difficult. Conclusion. As a result of the conducted research, it became possible to obtain high-quality high-resource gapless locking products and to reduce labor intensity of the finishing operation up to 5 times and preparation for the production up to 2 times.

Technological methods for processing non-rigid finned shells of power plants

The paper provides information on the new processes designed and adopted for implementation on the combined surface treatment of loaded parts and assembly units of advanced power plants and special technological equipment, the original means of technological equipment are described, and the prospects for further expansion of their technological capabilities and impact on improving the manufacturing processability of products are given.

COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF THE RESULTS OF THE HOMOGENIZATION OF NANOSUSPENSIONS BY THE METHOD OF ULTRA-JET TREATMENT

The article considers the urgent problem of finding new highly effective methods for dispersing suspensions prepared using nanomaterials (boehmite, graphene, nanotubes). Based on comparative experimental data, it is shown that the ultra-jet treatment method has several advantages. For experiments, standard equipment for waterjet cutting of materials was used. A single crystal of diamond was used as a target for a high-speed nanosized suspension, the fastening of which was carried out in special technological equipment, which also performs the functions of collecting the treated liquid. The experimental results showed that the particle size after ultra-jet treatment exceeds the result of the traditional method of homogenization – ultrasonic treatment. An important result of the research was the establishment of the fact that the homogenization process begins at the stages of the passage of the nanosuspension through the focusing tube, and not only in the process of collision of the ultrajet liquid with the barrier.

Ресурсозберігаюча технологія кормоприготування із застосуванням лабораторії з визначення калорійності кормів

The transition of livestock production to a new industrial base requires new ways of controlling standardized feed preparation, which will provide more rational cooking at the lowest cost. One of the problems with the efficient use of feed is the design and establishment of a laboratory for the determination of the caloric content of feed at livestock complexes. The purpose of the work is the efficient use of feed through the development and creation of a laboratory for determining the calorific value of feed in livestock complexes with special technological equipment. Theoretical and experimental studies on the effective use of feed were carried out by designing and setting up a laboratory for determining the calorific value of feed in animal husbandry complexes, developing a calorimetric bomb, determining the calorific value of feed according to ISO 1928: 1995 IDT, DSTU ISO 128: 2006 „Solid mineral fuels. Determination of the highest combustion heat by the method of burning in a calorimetric bomb and calculating the lowest combustion heat. " According to the results of the research, the conditions for the creation of a laboratory with special equipment, bomb calorimeter of the Berthello-Molar-Cracker system were determined. On the example of calorimetric studies of the components of flax it is determined that their calorific value lies in the range of 8302 to 13501 kJ / kg, with the calorific value of the fire and flax straw on average 10.2% less than the calorific value of the grain of cereals and rapeseed straw. Cereal straw is used as coarse feed and livestock for livestock and as biofuel (in the form of bales, pellets, briquettes). On the basis of calorimetric experiments, it is possible to recommend the use of straw and flax, which will be an efficient use of resources. Key words: laboratory, feed calorie content, calorimetric bomb, resource saving, livestock complexes

Teaching potential of integrated learning technologies Smart, Stem and Steam

At the current stage of digitization of the Russian economy, educational institutions urgently need new, more advanced and effective training technologies that help improve the quality of training of highly competent and competitive specialists who comply with the social order of society digital. These technologies should promote the introduction of robotic and cyber-physical systems in the training of future specialists. The article shows that SMART, STEM and STEAM integrated learning technologies that encompass the theoretical and practical components of educational programs with the help of special technological equipment: robotic complexes, virtual learning tools and cyber systems, can be used as technologies in the digital education. It is proven that the practical application of mathematical, physical, engineering and technological knowledge, modeling and design of robotic cybernetic devices and others, allow us to more effectively solve the tasks of the competition-oriented educational paradigm, create additional conditions for the development and realization of the personal potential of the students. The integrative didactic potential of SMART, STEM and STEAM technologies is determined, ensuring the achievement of the synergistic effect in the educational process and increasing the productivity of education subjects through the combination of the individual means of the technologies studied in a single system. The advantages of digital education are analyzed, which are optimized using the integrative teaching potential of SMART, STEM and STEAM technologies. Based on the characteristics of the integrative didactic potential of SMART, STEM and STEAM technologies, it is concluded that they are promising in the era of the digitization of Russian education and viable to use them in order to maintain the effectiveness of the educational process.

Новое исследование ультраструйных технологий диспергирования и суспензирования для обработки и модификации жидкостей

Currently used dispersion methods are not able to provide sufficient dispersion of nanomodifiers in liquids. This circumstance significantly reduces the effectiveness of the subsequent use of liquid-phase nanomodifiers which are widely used in the production of a variety of composite polymer and ceramic structures. The article discusses a new method of dispersing and suspending liquids using ultra-jet technology. The results of experimental testing confirming the effectiveness of ultra-jet technologies for producing liquid suspensions with nanomodifiers are presented. Two different types of powder were chosen as liquid modifiers: boehmite and carbon nanotubes. Moreover, special technological equipment was developed to conduct the experiment. The results of the analysis of the obtained liquid suspensions containing nanomodifiers allow us to recommend this dispersion technology for use on an industrial scale.

EXPERIENCE IN THE FORMATION OF PROFESSIONAL COMPETENCIES IN THE MANUFACTURE OF PHARMACEUTICAL PRODUCTS IN THE SIMULATION CENTER “EDUCATIONAL PHARMACY"

The results of the development of the layout, equipping with special technological equipment and the experience of the production of the technological department of the simulation center Educational Pharmacy are presented. This department allows you to form in the learning process and evaluate during the accreditation process the professional skills of pharmacists in the pharmaceutical manufacture and in the organization of the technological process.

Improving of manufacturability of loaded parts working surfaces using strengthening combined treatment

The information on the new processes designed and adopted for implementation on the combined surface treatment of loaded parts and assembly units of advanced power plants and special technological equipment is presented, the original means of technological equipment are described, and the prospects for further expansion of their technological capabilities and impact on improving of the manufacturability of products are given.

Perspectives of development of organizational and technological structures of washing machinery companies with the use of current flow lines of wagon repair

In this article the modern state of railway transport and carriage economy is characterized, the main problems and ways of their development are determined. The existing methods of repairing wagons - stationary and flow - are analyzed. The main features, advantages and disadvantages of these methods are determined. The necessity of introduction of industrial methods of repair, namely the use of flexible flow lines, is substantiated. It is determined that construction of new generation wagon repair companies, which will be adapted for the repair of each specific wagon with the use of flexible flow lines, is the basis for further development of the carriage economy. The basic requirements to the new generation of car repair enterprises are substantiated, such as improving the quality of car repairs, reducing the time spent in repairing cars, and creating conditions for the constant growth of labor productivity. It has been determined that for the introduction of high-performance industrial repair methods, such as flexible flow lines, the necessary condition is the possibility of moving wagons between specialized positions, which are exclusively intended for a certain amount of work and equipped with special technological equipment. The asynchronous flexible flow of repairs of wagons is an effective stage in the development of stream repair production, which can be created on the basis of the transformation of classical flow-conveyor lines due to changes in their structure and ties between the elements. It has a higher level of systematic than existing current-pipelines and can significantly expand the range of types of repaired cars and make the transition from one-subject specialization to multi-purpose, which includes repair of not only different types of cars, but also different types of repairs (depot , capital). The concept of flexibility and asynchronous flow is defined. Asynchronous flow indicates that wagons move from one repair position to another not all simultaneously at regular intervals, but gradually as needed and possible. Flow flexibility is an integral concept that characterizes the possibility of a quick transition to output of another type size and model. When applying a flexible flow, where there is some transport freedom and the potential for choosing the route of carriage along the flow positions, the throughput is significantly increased, and the simple carriage in the repair is reduced.

ВЛИЯНИЕ КОНСТРУКТИВНО-РЕЖИМНЫХ И ТЕХНОЛОГИЧЕСКИХ ПАРАМЕТРОВ ШНЕКОЛОПАСТНОГО СМЕСИТЕЛЯ НА ПОТРЕБЛЯЕМУЮ ИМ МОЩНОС

The purpose of the study – is the equipment improvement for dry mixing of crumbled feed with substantiation of de-sign and operating parameters. The use of complete feed mixtures is possible only with the use of special techno-logical equipment – feed mixers, producing mixture homogeneity meeting livestock requirements. The costs of pur-chasing, operating and maintaining mixers ultimately affect the cost of livestock production. Accordingly, it is neces-sary to aim efforts at the reduction of these costs. This can be achieved by reducing the specific energy costs for the mixing process, which largely depend on the mixer design, its working parts operation and the efficiency of the mix-ing process and power consumption needed for mixing process. No method of power consumption estimation of mixers with combined working parts according to theoretical studies obtained, having alternating in regard to exe-cution and purpose areas. Power consumption needed for the mixing process is one of the main components of the operating costs for the mixing equipment, ultimately determining the specific energy costs for the mixing process – is one of the important specification of any mixer. The research methodology provided a theoretical basis for the relationship of the mixer parameters on the power consumption during mixing process. Equations for determining the power consumption for the parts were submitted in regard to auger conveyor, the first and the second transport-ing and throwing blades. The expression for determination of power consumption for mixing process from the an-gle of installation mixing and transporting blades, the filling ratio of the mixer and the frequency of rotation of the working parts have been received. The obtained and given expressions allow to determine the power values for the mixing process with an error of no more than 5%, with the values of the studied parameters of the mixer within the boundaries of the experiment.

Digital transformation of social sector as the factor of development and security of the country

The present research is aimed at investigating the current state of digital transformation of governance, economy and social sector. Basic attributes of digitalization of governance, economy and social sector are studied, particularly the mechanism of transformation of significant part of economic cooperation into information and telecommunication space; active introduction and application of e-money and smart contracts into civil transactions; development of e-governance. Problems of digital sector inevitably affect the compatibility of the economy under the current conditions, since lag in receiving and processing of relevant data and inability to use digital resource result in the loss of preceding market position. In terms of asymmetry of international trade, digital dependence of one particular country on another entails the increase in economic progress gap between these countries. If a country does not possesses these developments or has lost any of technological solutions, then nothing new can be worked out, so the next step is impossible. This is the reason why the state of digital sector, particularly its hardware base, special technological equipment that provides the necessary parameters for an integrated circuit, is the key factor for the prospects of social development.

Application of rotational rolling for manufacturing large bottom fuel tanks launch vehicle

Shell bottoms for cylindrical tanks launch vehicle (LV) is responsible structures, which have high requirements for their strength, integrity, reliability. Providing these requirements, among other things, ensured using unique technology and knowledge-intensive manufacturing membranes as well as methods for their further assembly, welding, testing, availability of special technological equipment, appliances and highly skilled workers. The result is that the cost of the bottoms largest component - technology is cost.For the most common in the construction of fuel tanksLVspherical bottoms, today, the traditional method of making shell - a shell bottoms stretching to die, but because of the small volumes of this method loses its appeal because of the high cost of a shell. The main goal is a comparative analysis of the existing technologies of spherical shells for rocket fuel tanks bottoms and study the possibility of reducing the cost of manufacturing technology of large-sized bottoms by using modern technologies rotation spinning.Convective rolling can significantly reduce the amount of technological equipment and the number of conversion equipment in the production process of manufacturing membranes bottoms significantly reduce production cycle. We consider the composition of the technological complex for the production of membranes bottoms by rotary traction necessary equipment, the use of existing pieces.

Determination of transfer functions of the automatic electrohydraulic drive for special process equipment

This article discusses the improvement of special technological equipment due to the development of mathematical models of work processes that occur in the equipment and take into account the particular purpose of the process equipment. The main objective is to construct a mathematical model and obtaining the transfer functions of the electro-hydraulic drive equipment with passport data of standard devices and drive devices. The linearization of the mathematical model is made on the basis of the analysis of dynamic and statistical characteristics of work processes in equipment subject to a number of assumptions. The developed mathematical model and transfer function of the system allows you to perform a stability analysis, assessment of the quality of regulation and correction of dynamic characteristics based on passport data elements of the drive. The research results can be used by engineers involved in the development of automatic control systems of special technological equipment. A mathematical model is proposed in the work enables the development of automatic control system, which will expand the functionality and efficiency of special technological equipment.

Analysis of technologies of forming details from sheet thermally strengthened aluminum alloys

This article is devoted to study ways of forming thermally-hardened alloys, including aluminum and titanium. The authors analyze the advantages and disadvantages of traditional methods of forming such as bending to free press, rolling on three and four roll bending machines, blast forming, bending with stretching on special robots or pulling presses and combined processing methods. These methods require special technological equipment and highly skilled performers; require performance processing for a large number of transactions and conversions and is labor-intensive; after the formation it is necessary to carry out additional processing to reduce surface roughness. These processes are not quickly adjustable that in a single and small batch production of double curvature surfaces resulting in increased cost of the final product. The authors proposed to use for the manufacture of parts, from the above materials, laser forming process that is flexible, quickly adjustable and has enough performance. In addition, the authors suggest using forced cooling of the sample during processing that will increase the productivity of the process and additionally prevent thermal softening of the material. The use of laser forming for forming thermally-hardened aircraft materials will simplify and reduce the cost of the process of manufacturing parts of double curvature without loss of performance.

Перспективы развития и импортозамещения спе­циального технологического оборудования для ЭКБ

Перспективы развития и импортозамещения спе­циального технологического оборудования для ЭКБ