Special Tables Research Articles

AN INTEGRAL ESTIMATE OF THE SEVERITY OF HIV INFECTION IN PATIENTS WITH COMORBIDITIES

The evolution of HIV epidemic started with a mono-infection; however, it was soon supplemented with viral hepatitis C and injected drug use epidemics. In recent decades, the severity of conditions in most patients has been being determined by comorbidity associated with the development of opportunistic infections and tuberculosis and somatic, neurologic, and other pathologies. To assess the severity of the conditions of such patients, an integral parameter (IP) has been suggested based on the formula: , where Nn is the sum of scores of comorbid conditions ranging from satisfactory to severe as determined using special tables. Clinical cases of favorable and unfavorable outcomes are described to illustrate this approach, which can help to predict the course and outcome of HIV infection and concomitant diseases and thus make a significant impact on diagnostic and therapeutic procedures.

Evaluation of the Effectiveness of Osteopathic Correction of 3-9 Month Old Babies Presenting Delayed Motor Development on the Background of the Perinatal Damage of the Nervous System

Introduction. In order to improve the effectiveness of rehabilitation treatment of children presenting delayed motor development, it is important to observe how somatic and neurologic dysfunctions influence each other and how they affect on the formation of motor skills in children. It is of current interest to justify methods of osteopathic diagnostics of somatic dysfunctions which can impede normal development of a child and methods of correction of these somatic dysfunctions by osteopathic techniques.The aim of the research. To evaluate clinical effectiveness of osteopathic supervision of formation of motor skills in babies presenting delayed motor development on the background of the perinatal damage of the nervous system. Methods. 70 3-9 month old babies presenting consequences of cerebral hypoxia-ischemia of the first-second degree, delayed motor development (F82) took part in the research. The babies were evaluated before and after osteopathic correction. In order to evaluate changes in the neurologic state and motor development there were used special tables for evaluation of neurologic states and a point scale for evaluation of progress in motor development.Results. Structure of somatic dysfunctions in babies presenting delayed motor development on the background of perinatal damage of the nervous system was identified. On the global level rhythmogenic disorders of the cranial rhythmical impulse were predominant. On the regional level the most typical somatic dysfunctions for this pathology were: somatic dysfunctions of the head region (46 %), of the duramatral region (32 %). On the local level somatic dysfunctions of the craniosacral system were the most frequent: dysfunctions of certain bones and cranial sutures (96 %), intraosseous lesion (78 %). After osteopathic treatment the number of changes in neurologic state had a coefficient of contingency with the number of somatic dysfunctions found, which makes evident the presence of strong feedback.Conclusion. The results obtained permit to recommend the use of osteopathic treatment together with the neurologic treatment in rehabilitation of babies.

ДИФФЕРЕНЦИРОВАННАЯ МАГНИТОТЕРАПИЯ ПРИ РАЗЛИЧНЫХ ФОРМАХ РЕВМАТОИДНОГО АРТРИТА

На 173 больных ревматоидным артритом (РА) изучали эффективность магнитотерапии (МТ) при различных формах вегетативной дисфункции. О вегетативном тонусе судили по результатам опросника и показателям спектрального анализа ритма сердца. Вегетативный паспорт определяли методами тестирования по специальным таблицам, клиническим и рентгенологическим данным. Выявили тесную корреляционную связь формы вегетативной дисфункции с типом коморбидности и соматогении. Ваготоническаякальцийдефицитнаякоморбидность характеризовалась пониженным индексом вагосимпатического баланса, серопозитивным вариантом по ревматоидному фактору и сочеталась с тревожно-депрессивными состояниями, сопутствующим остеопорозом и объемзависимой АГ. Симпатотоническая, кальцийзависимаякоморбидность коррелировала с повышенным индексом вагосимпатического баланса, серонегативной формой РА, маниакально-панико-фобическими реакциями, кальцификацией связок и симпатоадреналовой АГ. Предложена вегетативно-суставная методика МТ при РА с воздействием на затылок и кисти. Показана эффективность постоянного магнитного поля у ваготоников, а переменного магнитного поля – у симпатотоников при РА. При сочетанной методике существенное улучшение достигалось в 21,4 % случаев.

On an Improvement in Confidence Limits for the Proportion of the Conformance

This paper presents a modification of a method for constructing approximate lower confidence limits for the proportion of conformance of normally distributed processes, which was proposed by Wang and Lam (1996). The proposed method is very simple and its implementation does not require the use of special tables. In addition, as verified via simulation, it leads to confidence limits with coverage much closer to the nominal in comparison to the method of Wang and Lam (1996).

Design and application of nursing special table for face down position

Vitrectomy with inert gas or silicone oil tamponade is an effective surgical treatment of complicated retinal detachment. Maintaining the passive position after the surgery related to the success of the operation. If there is no suitable head-resting table, patients will have a lot of symptoms due to long time sitting with head bowed. In this paper, we developed a special head-resting table for patients of sitting position with head bowed after vitrectomy. It can adjust the head position more accurately, increase patient comfort, ensure the maintenance of the correct body position for a long time, and effectively reduce the various symptoms of the prone position, improve the success rate of surgery. Key words: Vitreous; Ophthalmology; Post-operation; Special tables

Get a room: the role of classroom space in sustained implementation of studio style instruction

The characteristics of the classroom environment play an important role in shaping teaching practices and supporting research-based instructional strategies. One instructional strategy that has reimagined the classroom is the Student-Centered Active Learning Environment with Upside-Down Pedagogies (SCALE-UP). SCALE-UP uses studio-style instruction to facilitate student collaboration. Although there is significant interest in studio-style instruction, there is not much research-based guidance available for institutions interested in setting up a classroom, especially for secondary users interested in using this in different academic settings and contexts. We interviewed key informants involved in 21 successful secondary implementations of SCALE-UP about creating, using, and spreading studio-style classrooms. This paper summarizes respondent’s perceptions of (1) how these classrooms are initiated; (2) which classroom features are helpful, non-essential, and unhelpful; (3) how professional development efforts support SCALE-UP instructors; and (4) how the classroom indirectly affects the department and/or institution. Room initiation Interviewees engaged in multiple activities to obtain a studio-style classroom. The majority of interviewees worked in teams created by faculty or administrators, with the participation from both groups. Interviewees typically sought institutional funding to develop the rooms. Classroom features When developing the room, implementers used many key characteristics of the recommended classroom, such as collaborative workspace (e.g., special tables) for students, but they generally did not replicate all of the recommended features. Interviewees had mixed opinions about the importance of classroom technology. Professional development and support Interviewees noted the importance of professional development for teaching staff (instructors and teaching assistants) new to the SCALE-UP teaching environment. Indirect effects Beyond direct benefits to the teachers and learners, our interviewees reported that the classrooms had larger impacts including attracting visitors to the institution and encouraging the use of active learning in non-SCALE-UP classes. There are many paths to successful development of a studio-style classroom. The process can be initiated by faculty or administrators. Classroom designs can vary to suit the local environment as long as they maintain the intent of the space: to support peer collaboration. Beyond improving student outcomes, these classrooms have additional benefits for institutions that include transforming instructor approaches to teaching and symbolizing the institution’s commitment to quality teaching.

The Application of Gorman’s Eigen Values to The Industrial Sewing Machine’s Needle Vibration

The free vibration of the sewing needle is divided into lateral free vibrations and an axial free vibration. In this work a theoretical study that concerns the free lateral vibrations will be applied to the sewing needle by the use of Gorman’s Eigen values (Daniel, 1975) technique. The study will be divided into the following: needles with constant cross-section (with classical and non classical boundary conditions) and needles with variable cross-section (conical and stepped). For all the different shapes of needles (Gorman’s classifications) the linear natural frequency in stitches per min (SPM) will be calculated by the use of Gorman’s Eigen values via special tables and graphs. It was found that the linear fundamental natural frequencies of the following: clamped free sewing needle (CF) is 21,548SMP, clamped simple sewing needle (CS) is 94,522SMP while for free–free needle (FF) for n=2 is 137,130SMP. For each type the Eigen value β was selected due to the sewing needle boundary conditions. The ratio between the lowest (CF) linear natural frequency and the highest (FF) one is 16%. In this work the selected sewing needle material was steel with E=206GPa and specific weight 785,000N/m3.

Mathematical Aspects of Sikidy

It emphasizes the mathematical aspects of the formation of sikidy. The sikidy as an art of divination is transmitted by oral tradition, the knowledge of these mathematical relationships allows for a more consistent language of sikidy. In particular, one can calculate systematically all ”into sikidy” special tables of Sikidy used in the ”ody” (kind of talismans).

Critical success factors examined in ISO 9001:2008-certified Greek companies using multidimensional statistics

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to examine the level of the importance and implementation of the critical success factors (CSFs) required for the appropriate function of a quality management system (QMS) in ISO 9001:2008-certified companies and the differences between the CSFs and the demographic variables of the companies. Design/methodology/approach – A research project was carried out in Greek companies from all business sectors using the questionnaire technique. The selected companies all implement a QMS in accordance with the ISO 9001:2008 standard. Correspondence analysis, a methodology from the multidimensional statistics field, was also used to identify significant differences between the importance and implementation levels of the CSFs of the QMS. Findings – The importance that quality assurance managers attribute to these CSFs was high enough in most categories, but there was a significant difference in the implementation level, which displayed much lower scores. The most important factors seem to be management commitment, education, and communication, while the least important were the availability of data and use of statistics. Differences between categories of demographic variables were present only for the firm size variable. Research limitations/implications – The study was based on the perception (i.e. subjective data) of only one quality manager/representative of each company. Practical implications – The paper provides information to certified companies in Greece on the differences in the importance and implementation levels of quality management practices (especially for hard factors) and motivation to investigate possible causes. Moreover, the most important factors for the successful implementation of ISO 9001 are presented. Originality/value – This paper describes the implementation and given importance of the CSFs in companies with experience of the ISO 9001:2008 standard and for the analysis of the data a methodology from the multidimensional field is applied, with the complementary use of some special tables of coincidences.

The effects of ISO 9001 certification on the performance of Greek companies

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to examine the benefits of ISO 9001 certification and the association between them, the level of implementation of the critical success factors (CSFs) required for the appropriate functioning of the quality management system in ISO 9001:2008 certified companies and between other demographic variables. Design/methodology/approach – A research project was carried out in Greek companies from all business sectors using the questionnaire technique. The selected companies implement a quality management system in accordance with the ISO 9001:2008 standard. Correspondence analysis, a methodology from the field of multidimensional statistics, was used to identify significant differences between the effects on performance and other variables such as the implementation level of CSFs relating to the quality management system and years of certification. Findings – External benefits seem to be more important than internal benefits. The least important benefits were mostly business results, such as profits, costs and market share. Differences were detected between the level of performance and certain demographic variables such as the use of International Organization for Standardisation (ISO) alone, size and years of certification. The certified companies have generally benefited from ISO implementation. Research limitations/implications – The study was based on the perceptions (subjective data) of only one quality manager/representative from each company. The motives for ISO certification, which can seriously affect the benefits derived, were not examined. Practical implications – The measures presented here can be used by certified companies to evaluate performance (financial or not) related to ISO 9001 certification and to discover those factors that contribute to the better exploitation of the ISO 9001:2008 standard. Originality/value – This paper aims to evaluate performance since the implementation of the ISO 9001:2008 standard in Greek companies, which are confronting a tough economic environment and to analyse this data with a methodology from the multidimensional field, with the complementary use of some special tables of coincidence.

Correspondence Analysis on a Space-Time Data Set for Multiple Environmental Variables

Applications of the multivariate technique called correspondence analysis for environmental studies are relatively new and are limited to spatial multivariate data set. In this paper, a procedure of applying correspondence analysis to a large space-time data set for multiple environmental variables is shown. In particular, nitrogen dioxide and carbon monoxide hourly concentrations measured during January 1999 at several monitored stations in a district of Northern Italy are analyzed. The procedure consists in transforming the continuous variables into categorical ones by the means of appropriate indicator variables, generating special contingency tables and applying correspondence analysis. The use of this classical multivariate technique allows the identification of important relationships among pollution levels and monitoring stations and/or relationships among pollution levels and observation times.

EXPERIMENTAL STUDY AND MINIMIZATION OF (LMTD) OF A REFRIGATOR BY BALANCING COOLING WATER

This work involves an experimental investigation of the refrigerator equipment. To complete of the study model, an inside and outside temperatures of refrigerant (R12) and cooling water through heat exchanger is assumed to be steady state flow. Special tables of refrigerant (R12) and cooling water are used to know properties at specified temperature , by using refrigeration system basically which work between two pressures, and specific enthalpy is one of the most useful properties which it is need in energy equation application to determine condenser and evaporator tube length of system , which takes as carefully to compression system design for giving temperature difference in cooling or heating systems. Also, tube length of condenser and evaporator are calculated (18 , 9) m respectively. A pressure - specific enthalpy or (p-h) chart of refrigerant R12 is depended on to determine specific enthalpy for each run at present pressure. This investigation is to study the influence of the volume flow rate of cooling water as range (2,4,6,and 8) liter /min which it supplies by control valve to the heat exchangers of system on logarithm mean temperature difference (LMTDe) and cooling coefficient of performance. Also, this work investigates the minimization of the (LMTDe) evaporator by using valve controlled of cooling water. The present results show that, the degree (LMTDe) is decrease as the volume flow rate of cooling water increasing then, due to increase of refrigerating effect at same time cooling coefficient of performance (COP)RF is increasing. Also, in the compression cooling system has been get temperature difference about(6)◦C. Comparison between the obtained experimental performance results and the previous theoretical work shows a good agreement with (±3.8) percentage.

Research on Bridge Transverse Load Distribution Coefficient of Beam System Theory Based on Finite Difference Method

The calculation methods of transverse load distribution coefficient based on beam system theory include hinge method and rigid connected beam method. The calculation process is complicated and can usually be used through special tables. However, the traditional tables for ten beams can not satisfy the design requirements with the development of transportation. Therefore, a series of simple and practical analytical formula are proposed based on finite difference method. A numerical simulation of simply supported beam bridge is used to verify the effectiveness of the proposed method. The results reveal that the proposed method possesses favorable accuracy.

On the Reconstruction of Calendarical Sections on the Mayan Codices

Sequential sets of day glyphs are shown to occur as special tables in each of th three codices, Dresden , Madrid, and Paris . They reproduce the order of the appearance of the day glyphs in the calendarical sections of those pages of the codices which are responsibly complete. These sets are more general in scope then the orders of arrangement observable on particular pages which were previously used in the reconstruction of mutilated pages. It is suggested that the sequential sets, hereinafter describes, can be used with confidence to reconstruct the calendarical section of any page in any of the codices if at least one of it´s day glyphs is legible, and enough of it´s number signs are legible to descern its interval. An index is prepared which list the appropriate sets associated with each page of the Madrid and Dresden Codices, and complete readings of certain calendar sections are presented for the first time.

Operating profit, productivity indexes and net earnings

The main purpose of this research is to recognize the relationship between operating profit, productivity indexes and net earnings on the basis of financial statements yearly published by the North Industrial Wood Firm. The type of this research method is applied for the purpose and it is a case study for the procedure, so choosing an economical unit named the North Industrial Wood Firm as a population evaluates and recognizes the relationships between independent variables and dependent variables. In this research, the dependent variables are operating profit and net earnings, also independent variables are capital and labor productivity indexes. In this research, for data analysis, descriptive statistics (the mean and standard deviation) and inferential statistics (correlation test) were used. Also, by using the survey of documents and degrees of the North Industrial Wood Firm in a period of 11 years (1995 to 2006), necessary information was put into special tables and then analyzed statistically. Findings of the research showed that there are meaningful relationship at the level of 5% between labor productivity indexes with operating profit and net earnings, and between capital productivity indexes with operating profit and net earnings. Key words: Operating profit, capital and labor productivity, net earnings, economical unit.

Risk Identification and Estimation in Wood Branch

Risku identificēšana un novērtēšana meža nozarē

Migration and multiple sclerosis in immigrants to Australia from United Kingdom and Ireland: a reassessment. I. Risk of MS by age at immigration

A previous study of the prevalence of multiple sclerosis (MS) in 1981 among immigrants from the United Kingdom and Ireland to Australia found that the prevalence for those with age at immigration (AAI) under 15 years of age did not differ from the older immigrants. We have reanalysed the original materials as well as census data for 1901–1981 for UKI and other high MS risk country immigrants. There was a highly significant trend in the prevalence rates of all Australians from New South Wales (NSW) to South Australia (SA) to Western Australia (WA) to Queensland (QLD). Rates by state among the Australian-born were almost identical to these, but there was no prevalence gradient for the UKI-born. The denominator population at risk of MS by AAI was calculated from special census tables of length of residence in Australia by age 0–79 in 1981 for UKI immigrants 1947–1981. The numerator was limited to the subset of 258 MS (Group II) also immigrating in 1947 and later, and age 0–79 in 1981. The absolute risk of MS for these migrants to the four states entering at age 0–14 was 22/100,000, significantly less than for all older age groups; age 15–39 immigrants had a risk of 54/100,000. Similar risk ratios for 0–14 versus 15–39 by state were 31 versus 61 (NSW), 29 versus 44 (QLD), 11 versus 50 (SA), 15 versus 51 (WA).

A methodology for evaluating web-based educational systems using statistical multidimensional analysis

Current research on web-based learning systems focuses on providing adaptation as part of usability and learnability aspects of these systems. Working in this direction, the (asynchronous adaptive learning and evaluation system) has been developed, which provides new opportunities to the transfer of knowledge between educators and learners by widely incorporating pedagogical principles in order to enhance the effectiveness of the learning procedure. This paper aims to provide an approach on evaluating the impact of adaptivity, usability and learnability based on Nielsen's ten usability heuristics (Nielsen, 1993b) on improving the effectiveness of users' learning in web-based courses. For this purpose, a new evaluation methodology is presented that utilises the statistical method of multidimensional analysis (correspondence analysis) and uses special contingency tables that came from a new coding of scales evaluation. To demonstrate the applicability and effectiveness of the proposals, the evaluation methodology is implemented to the web-based educational system AS.A.L.E.S., resulting in highlighting the characteristics of the AS.A.L.E.S. system that need to be improved.

Daytime Celestial Navigation for the Novice

What kinds of astronomical lab activities can high school and college astronomy students carry out easily in daytime? The most impressive is the determination of latitude and longitude from observations of the Sun. The “shooting of a noon sight” and its “reduction to a position” grew to become a daily practice at the start of the 19th century1 following the perfection of the marine chronometer by John Harrison and its mass production.2 This technique is still practiced by navigators in this age of GPS. Indeed, the U.S. Coast Guard exams for ocean-going licenses include celestial navigation.3 These techniques continue to be used by the military and by private sailors as a backup to all-too-fallible and jammable electronic navigation systems. A sextant, a nautical almanac,4 special sight reduction tables,5 and involved calculations are needed to determine position to the nearest mile using the Sun, Moon, stars, or planets. Yet, finding latitude and longitude to better than 30 miles from measurements of the Sun's altitude is easily within the capability of those taking astronomy or physics for the first time by applying certain basic principles. Moreover, it shows a practical application of astronomy in use the world over. The streamlined method described here takes advantage of the similar level of accuracy of its three components: 1.Observations using a homemade quadrant6 (instead of a sextant), 2. Student-made graphs of the altitude of the Sun over a day7 (replacing lengthy calculation using sight reduction tables), and 3. An averaged 20-year analemma used to find the Sun's navigational coordinates8,9 (rather than the 300+ page Nautical Almanac updated yearly).

Progression of Coronary Artery Calcification in Renal Transplantation and the Role of Secondary Hyperparathyroidism and Inflammation

Transplantation should favorably affect coronary calcification (CAC) progression in dialysis; however, changes in CAC score in the individual patient are not reliably evaluated. The authors used special tables of reproducibility limits for each score level to study, by multislice computed tomography and biochemistries, the 2-year changes in CAC in 41 transplant patients (age 48 +/- 13 yr, 25 men, dialysis vintage 4.8 +/- 4.3 yr, underwent transplant 6.2 +/- 5.5 yr prior). Thirty balanced dialysis patients served as controls. In the study group, Agatston score was stable, and C-reactive protein decreased, whereas fetuin and osteoprotegerin increased. In the control group, Agatston score increased, parathyroid hormone and phosphate decreased, and inflammation markers were persistently twice as high as in the study group. With regard to individual changes, 12.2% transplant patients worsened, compared with 56.6% of patients in dialysis (P < 0.0001). Patients without calcification at entry showed slower progression in transplantation (8.3%) than in dialysis (44.4%; P < 0.034), and the difference was similar to that observed in cases with CAC (17.6% versus 61.9%; P < 0.007). Discriminant analysis indicated parathyroid hormone, the modality of therapy (dialysis or transplantation), and erythrocyte sedimentation rate as the variables most associated with worsening. Renal transplantation lowers but does not halt CAC progression. Inflammation and hyperparathyroidism are associated with progression in the populations studied.