Specific Search Engine Research Articles

Sketch Engine in Building a Lexical Minimum for Children

Our article deals with such an aspect of computational linguistics as the construction of lexical minima cases using the Sketch Engine program as an example. The advent of computational linguistics has played an important role in the process of learning foreign languages. Thanks to computer technology, the process of learning foreign languages is greatly simplified and becomes more accessible. Among the many programs for learning foreign languages, we chose the Sketch Engine program, since it is a case manager and a tool for analyzing linguistic buildings, that is, collections of texts selected and processed according to certain rules, which are used as the basis for language research. This resource is software that combines a specialized search engine and a lot of buildings in different languages. We describe the program through the prism of corpus linguistics, consider the functions and capabilities of this program Sketch Engine in drawing up the lexical minimum for primary school age in English, Russian and German. In this paper, we conducted an experiment on drawing up a lexical minimum for schoolchildren, which consisted in selecting 300 most used words of the English language and saturating them with examples from the cases of the Sketch Engine program.

Open Educational Resources - in Engineering Education, Case Study at UC/AGH, UB and ULBS

Abstract To change the educational scene in the epoch of the digital generation there is the possibility of using Open Education (OE) and Open Educational Resources (OER). The term “open educational resources” refers to resources with free access to use, adaptation and redistribution. The objectives of the research are to determine the degree of knowledge and use of OER in three Engineering Universities in three countries (Poland, Hungary and Romania) and to find out whether there is a relationship between the institutions in terms of knowledge and use of OER. The measurement is made by applying the survey method on a sample of n = 192. As a tool we use the questionnaire with 15 questions structured in three chapters: knowledge of OER; using OER; opinions about OER. In this analysis we summarize: the presentation of the degree of familiarity with some OER-related concepts, the use of special search engines, the use of free software sources, the frequency of use of OER and opinions on different types of OER that could be exploited in the future. For the description of relationship between nominal variable we use contingency tables and diagrams and compare the frequency data with the Pearson Chi-square test.

Comparing K-means, K-medoids and ISODATA Clustering Algorithms for a Cloud Service Search Engine

The evolution of cloud computing over the past few years is potentially one of the major advances in the history of computing. Cloud computing theoretically provides all computing needs as services. Accordingly, a large number of cloud service providers exist and the number is constantly increasing. This presents a significant problem for a user to find a relevant service provider, and calls for developing a specialized search engine to help users select suitable services matching their needs. Towards this goal, we developed a search engine that crawls the web sites of various service providers, extracts service attributes from their JavaScript Object Notation (JSON) files and normalizes the attributes in a service table. Those attributes are clustered using one of three different algorithms (K-means, K-medoids, and ISODATA). The requirements of a given user are then matched against the centroids of the various clusters to help obtain the closest match. In this paper, we compared the three algorithms with respect to time and accuracy. The ISODATA algorithm exhibited the best performance.

Los servicios públicos domiciliarios en Ecuador. Recopilación y análisis de documentos relacionados

Artículo científico

The Random Neural Network with Deep Learning Clusters in Smart Search

This paper proposes a Neurocomputing application that reorders the Web results obtained from different Web Search Engines emulating the way our brain takes decisions. The proposed application is based on the Random Neural Network with Deep Learning Clusters that evaluates and adapts Web result relevance by associating independently each Deep Learning Cluster to a specific Web Search Engine. In addition, this paper presents a Deep Learning Cluster to perform as a Management Cluster that decides the final result relevance based on the inputs from each independent Deep Learning cluster. The performance of the proposed Management Cluster is evaluated when included as an additional layer to the Deep Learning Clusters. On average; the proposed Deep Learning cluster structure improves Smart Search performance.

Retrieval effectiveness of image search engines

Purpose The purpose of this study is to explore the retrieval effectiveness of three image search engines (ISE) – Google Images, Yahoo Image Search and Picsearch in terms of their image retrieval capability. It is an effort to carry out a Cranfield experiment to know how efficient the commercial giants in the image search are and how efficient an image specific search engine is. Design/methodology/approach The keyword search feature of three ISEs – Google images, Yahoo Image Search and Picsearch – was exploited to make search with keyword captions of photos as query terms. Selected top ten images were used to act as a testbed for the study, as images were searched in accordance with features of the test bed. Features to be looked for included size (1200 × 800), format of images (JPEG/JPG) and the rank of the original image retrieved by ISEs under study. To gauge the overall retrieval effectiveness in terms of set standards, only first 50 result hits were checked. Retrieval efficiency of select ISEs were examined with respect to their precision and relative recall. Findings Yahoo Image Search outscores Google Images and Picsearch both in terms of precision and relative recall. Regarding other criteria – image size, image format and image rank in search results, Google Images is ahead of others. Research limitations/implications The study only takes into consideration basic image search feature, i.e. text-based search. Practical implications The study implies that image search engines should focus on relevant descriptions. The study evaluated text-based image retrieval facilities and thereby offers a choice to users to select best among the available ISEs for their use. Originality/value The study provides an insight into the effectiveness of the three ISEs. The study is one of the few studies to gauge retrieval effectiveness of ISEs. Study also produced key findings that are important for all ISE users and researchers and the Web image search industry. Findings of the study will also prove useful for search engine companies to improve their services.

Пошукова система й корпус як інструмент дослідження семантики слів

Introduction. The emergence of the Internet and the creation of the body of texts of different national languages significantly simplified the preparatory, but extremely important for further deployment of the study stage. It is enough for the researcher to enter the corresponding word body into the search engine in order to obtain the full index of its own word forms in the nearest and extended contexts with the corresponding addressing. Creating an empirical research base in this way provides a minimum of effort and time to aggregate data, which at the same time will increase significantly. On one hand, it simplified and facilitated, but, on the other hand, it complicated the process of analysis and comprehension of such an amount of examples. Purpose. Find out the capabilities of the search engine and the body of the language in the study of changing the semantics of words. Methods. According to research material in the scientific studies, the following methods are used: descriptive (linguistic techniques of observation and generalization), component analysis method (including analysis of dictionary definitions), method of contextual analysis and method of comparative analysis. Results. An important feature of the Internet as a linguistic source is the ability to directly refer to the contexts in which the use of the right word is recorded. This is important for the transition from quantitative characteristics to qualitative, from the abstract invariant, represented in the quantitative coefficient of the word, to its semantic, stylistic and other variants. However, for today, unfortunately, search engines need to be improved, since it is not known how to streamline the search results, it would be nice if the filters of what we are looking for would work. Or linguists need to create their own, specialized search engines, oriented to the fulfillment of scientific tasks. Originality. The variants of the use of search engines GOOGLE, META, SHUKALKA, the Body of texts of the Ukrainian language on the portal mova.info and the buildings of Slavic languages or research purposes are illustrated by the example of semantic innovations. As a result, the format of the database of neosemanticisms is proposed. Conclusion. Перспективу подальших наукових пошуків убачаємо в дослідженні функціонального потенціоналу семантичних інновацій. Conclusion. The prospect of further scientific research is seen in the study of the functional potential of semantic innovations.

Contemporary Practical Alternatives to a “Right To Be Forgotten” in the United States

The “right to be forgotten” (RTBF), perhaps more accurately described as a “right of erasure”, first emerged into mainstream public consciousness and practice with the European Court of Justice’s May, 2014 ruling in the Google Spain SL, Google Inc. v. Agencia Española de Protección de Datos, Mario Costeja González case. A targeted and bespoke process for requesting the removal of specific search engine results only emerged in the months immediately following that ruling. The final contours and scope of that process are still not fully settled, and will likely continue to evolve as the EU’s General Data Protection Regulation takes effect in May 2018. However, the concept of an individual’s right or ability to exercise some control over publicly available information about themselves dates back well prior to Mr. Costeja’s lawsuit, and extends well beyond the EU. The Costeja case itself did not purport to create a new right, only to include search engine results as relevant to and controlled by the EU’s 1995 data protection law as “data controllers”. The discussion of some sort of analogous right in both legal academia and in the courts dates back to at least 2006, if not to much earlier, perhaps even to the early part of the 20th century, using an expansive definition of the cultural concerns underlying RTBF. In tandem with that global history of a de facto “right to be forgotten”, there is a parallel history of mechanisms and practices intended or used to achieve this “forgetting”, ranging from standard lawsuits to norms, to —more recently— the subversion of other, unrelated, official affordances for the removal or obscuring of online material. Using examples from the Lumen project’s database, this paper will examine some of the recent ways in which individuals in countries without a codified right of erasure have sought to be “forgotten” by using online content removal mechanisms originally grounded in other purposes and legal regimes, such as copyright, trademark, and defamation. The paper concludes with a speculative discussion of what effect, if any, the existence and repurposing of these alternative mechanisms might have on the development or rejection of a separate RTBF jurisprudence, and what form that regime might take were it to be adopted.

A User-Aware and Semantic Approach for Enterprise Search

This article describes how in addition to general purposes search engines, specialized search engines have appeared and have gained their part of the market. An enterprise search engine enables the search inside the enterprise information, mainly web pages but also other kinds of documents; the search is performed by people inside the enterprise or by customers. This article proposes an enterprise search engine called AMBIT1-SE that relies on two enhancements: first, it is user-aware in the sense that it takes into consideration the profile of the users that perform the query; second, it exploits semantic techniques to consider not only exact matches but also synonyms and related terms. It performs two main activities: (1) information processing to analyse the documents and build the user profile and (2) search and retrieval to search for information that matches user's query and profile. An experimental evaluation of the proposed approach is performed on different real websites, showing its benefits over other well-established approaches.

Micronutrients in pregnancy: where physiology, psychology and commercial interests meet

Micronutrients in pregnancy: where physiology, psychology and commercial interests meet

Competencia de la enfermera en el proceso de adecuación del esfuerzo terapéutico en las unidades de cuidados intensivos

ObjectiveTo analyze the competency of the nurse in the process of suitability of therapeutic effort in intensive care units. MethodA narrative review through bibliographic search in Health Science databases: PubMed, CUIDEN and CINAHL, and in the specialized search engine Dialnet. Results23 articles were selected out of 55 that met the inclusion criteria. Three categories of analysis were generated in relation to suitability of therapeutic effort: nurse participation in the decision-making process, the nurse-family relationship with supportive intent and patient care. Nursing plays a key role at the end of life of critically ill patients; however, their participation in the decision-making process is very scant. Furthermore, the role of nursing is essential in providing end-of-life care once withholding treatment has been agreed, as well as in attention to relatives’ needs. ConclusionsNursing professionals need to acquire communication skills and competences in the ethical and palliative care fields in order to provide quality care at the end of life. There is a need to create regulations to support development of suitability of therapeutic effort, and to clarify the role of the nurse in the entire process of end of life, including their participation in the decision-making process.

Factors influencing search engine usage behavior

We analyzed the effect of individual factors, contextual factors, and perception of search engine advertising on users' search engine usage behavior. The sample comprised 404 Chinese who used search engines in the context of their paid employment. Results showed that (a) perceived search skills and perceived search engine reliance significantly and positively impacted users' general search engine usage, (b) perceived advertising clutter reduced the beneficial effects of perceived search skills on users' general search engine usage, (c) users with higher perceived search engine reliance preferred search engines to other online search methods, and (d) prior negative experience reduced the positive link between perceived search engine reliance and users' specific search engine usage. Our findings suggest that search engine designers and operators should focus on individual and contextual factors influencing search engine usage behavior, and should consider users' perception of advertising on search engine programs.

Исследовательский поиск научных статей

It is intuitively clear that the search for scientific publications often has many characteristics of a research search. The purpose of this paper is to formalize this intuitive understanding, explore which research tasks of scientists can be attributed to research search, what approaches exist to solve a research search problem in general, and how they are implemented in specialized search engines for scientists. We researched existing works regarding information seeking behavior of scientists and the special variant of a search called exploratory search. There are several types of search typical for scientists, and we showed that most of them are exploratory. Exploratory search is different to information retrieval and demands special support from search systems. We analyzed seventeen actual search systems for academicians (from Google Scholar, Scopus and Web of Science to ResearchGate) from the exploratory search support aspect. We found that most of them didn’t go far from simple information retrieval and there is a room for further improvements especially in the collaborative search support.

Los Inconscientes: una revisión bibliográfica y comparativa de diferentes miradas sobre el concepto

<p>Actualmente en el ámbito académico se suelen oponer las distintas corrientes en psicología sin profundizar en sus puntos de coincidencia. A raíz de esto, la presente investigación realiza una comparación del concepto inconsciente según: Sigmund Freud padre del Psicoanálisis; Milton Erickson influenciador del modelo Sistémico; y Manuel Froufe compilador e impulsor del inconsciente dentro del modelo Cognitivo.<br />La metodología fue de tipo documental, para lo cual se utilizaron textos extraídos de motores de búsqueda específicos de investigación tales como: Google Académico, Redalyc, Scielo, Proquest, y libros de divulgación de autores pertinentes a la temática.<br />Se pudo concluir que existe una diferencia en lo que respecta al ámbito en la cual se desarrolló el término, siendo clínico en Erickson y Freud y académico-experimental en Froufe. También es importante destacar que la popularidad del inconsciente es notable en Freud, en el caso de Erickson es menor comparativamente hablando, pero no ocurre lo mismo con el inconsciente cognitivo, debido a que su formulación es de reciente aparición y aún no cuenta con desarrollos clínicos, sino más bien experimentales. </p>

INSTRUMENTOS PARA AVALIAR A QUALIDADE E SEGURANÇA NO BLOCO OPERATÓRIO - REVISÃO INTEGRATIVA

Este estudo teve como objectivo identificar os instrumentos existentes para avaliar a qualidade no bloco operatório. Realizou-se uma revisão integrativa da literatura no período entre 2010 e 2015 com o recurso a motores de busca específicos. Após a análise segundo os critérios de inclusão estabelecidos, foram seleccionados 13 artigos. A análise da evidência científica obtida permitiu organizar os resultados em três áreas temáticas: avaliação da estrutura, avaliação do processo e avaliação do resultado. Os instrumentos analisados são mais frequentes no âmbito do processo e associados à cultura de segurança do doente. Os resultados revelam a necessidade de maior desenvolvimento a este nível, nomeadamente através da construção e validação de instrumentos mais abrangentes, integrando as diferentes componentes da avaliação da qualidade.

Family caregivers: what do they need? An integrative review.

Aimed to identify the main needs expressed by family caregivers in caring for adependent person. An integrative review of the literature in the period between 2010 and 2015 using specific search engine tools in the EBSCO and SCOPUSdatabases. 11 articles were selected, and the analysis of the scientific evidence obtained allowed for organizing the results into five thematic areas:transition into care, being responsible for everything, the importance of support, access to formal support, communication and informationprocesses. The results showed that caregivers have many needs in different areas, which should be addressed in nursing interventions. Este estudo teve como objetivo identificar quais as principais necessidades manifestadas pelo cuidador familiar no cuidado à pessoa dependente. Realizou-se uma revisão integrativa da literatura no período entre 2010 e 2015 com o recurso de instrumentos de busca específicos, nas bases de dados EBSCO e SCOPUS. Foram selecionados 11 artigos A análise da evidência científica obtida permitiu organizar os resultados em cinco áreas temáticas: a transição para o cuidar, o ser responsável por tudo, a importância do suporte, o acesso aos apoios formais, a comunicação e a informação na tomada de decisão. Os resultados demonstram que o cuidador apresenta inúmeras necessidades em áreas distintas,as quais devem ser abordadasnas intervenções de enfermagem.

Retrieval efficiency of select search engines vis-à-vis diverse open courseware formats

Purpose This paper aims to gauge the visibility of open content available in different formats of select open courseware (OCW) repositories through prominent search engines. Design/methodology/approach Open content in three formats (pdf, audio and video) from four OCW repositories listed in the OCW consortium under the science and technology subject heading were searched through seven select search engines. Findings None of the selected OCW repositories are fully visible on the selected search engines. Visibility of OCW content varied from one search engine to the other and was affected by the format in which it is available. Google is the best search engine for retrieving OCW content, whereas OCWfinder – a specialized search engine for retrieving OCW – has performed dismally. Research limitations/implications The study demonstrates the need for enhancing the visibility of open content through using search engine optimization techniques. Originality/value The study intends to supply findings that could be used by stakeholders to improve the visibility of OCW repositories. It is an attempt to draw a comparison between search engines for their ability to index different formats of OCW in the selected repositories. Findings can be used by information professionals to brush their information hunting skills.

Revisione della letteratura sull’utilizzo del rivelatore di placca nelle procedure di igiene orale

ObjectivesThe daily use of dental plaque disclosing agents is able to enhance the efficacy of both professional and domestic oral hygiene procedures. The aim of this article is to describe the different formulations of these products and to test their clinical results. Materials and methodsSince 1914 many colorants, with different codifications and chemical concentrations, have been used, although their application procedures have remained unvaried. In this literature analysis some key words were chosen, then translated into English and finally searched, in both languages, on specific search engines. Only scientific articles and textbooks published between 1970 and 2014, both in Italian and English languages were included in this review. ResultsUser friendliness and product safety make plaque disclosing agents suitable for all collaborative patients. The very few articles found in the literature show how plaque disclosing agents are subject to debate regarding their usefulness and effectiveness. ConclusionsAlthough no clear efficacy evidence exists to encourage the use of a plaque disclosing agent, the literature review seems to support the colorimetric technique for its ability to increase plaque control and patient compliance.

Searching and managing references for medical research and results' publishing

The current online services enable detection and access to a significant number of specialised databases, documents and articles in the field of medical and related sciences. However, the amount of provided information emphasizes the problem of classification, relevance and efforts to make a selection, study and logically organize the collected references and documents. Since already faced with such experiences, we have explored: which search engines will provide rational and relevant lists of documents on our entries; which software tools are available for managing, organising and reviewing the collected documents, as well as for coordinating team activities, and finally we checked the effectiveness and efficiency of the selected search engines and tools for reference managing in practice. Materials and methods: In order to find documents online, we used: a general-purpose search engine - Google; a specialised search engine - Google Scholar; a specialised Web service - PubMed and users' library that is integrated into reference manager software tool Mendeley. Our analysis of reference management tools included some of the frequently used, such as: Docear, Endnote, Mendeley and Zotero. The assessment of the search engines and tools for reference managing was based on our comparative analysis by applying pre-defined criteria and desired functionalities. Results: At first, the comparative analysis showed that there was not 'the best' way for searching and finding documents and literature on the Internet. At the very start we eliminated the general-purpose search engine - Google due to insufficient selectivity and relevance. Further on, analyzing the search results for medical-related queries, we concluded that Google Scholar, PubMed and Mendeley offered different, but sufficiently selective and relevant lists of documents and articles. The analysis of tools for reference managing, based on comparative analysis of functionality and our experience, singled out the desktop software tool Mendeley as the most applicable. Conclusions: Writing professional articles faces two completely opposite problems: the lack of information and excessive information. Our research was focused on the problem of information overload, that is: how to select only relevant sources and which software tools are appropriate for managing the collected references. We found out that the combined use of specialized search engines and Web services provide meaningful and relevant sources of information, and that the reference manager tool significantly facilitates reviewing and citation of references, while supporting and affirming teamwork as well.

Children with rare diseases, is it true that they have an enhanced anesthesiological risk?

The anesthesiological approach to rare diseases (RD) is particularly challenging for providers. The high number of pathologies and the scarcity of clinical reports impedes to arrange a pool of dedicated anaesthesiologists. When facing RD, the risk linked to unaware malpractice is often due to lack of experience, mostly of urgent/emergent procedures [1]. It is probably impossible to know all relevant aspects in more than 8000 pathologies that affect approximately 6-8% of the population [2]. In order to reduce anesthesiological risk, it is mandatory to develop a systematic approach. 1. First and foremost, let’s take advantage of previous experiences. There are specific search engines available online [http://www.orphananesthesia.eu; http://www. orpha.net; http://www.omim.org ], which briefly summarize the knowledge about RDs. Furthermore, for major pathologies there are national and international main centres providing medical counselling. As a whole, we can attribute the anesthesiological risk to four cohorts. Careful evaluation should be dedicated to current systemic impairments [3]. Children affected by cystic fibrosis need special care, due to specific organ failure. In some types of porphyrias it is mandatory to achieve a good control on pain, anxiety and nausea, because stressful events could trigger a severe crisis. In some cases, pathological processes can affect pharmacodynamics causing abnormal responses to drugs, such as the enhancement of curarization in myasthenic patients, or a real adverse event like the risk of Malignant Hyperthermia associated with Wolf-Hirschhorn Syndrome [4] or Arthrogryposis. A third item to investigate is whether anesthetic drugs can interact with specific concurrent therapies. There are some suggestions that the previous therapy with eculizumab, a new monoclonal antibody for the treatment of paroxysmal nocturnal haemoglobinuria, predisposes to haemolytic crisis in occurrence of general anesthesia. The last cohort, but the most frequent, concerns the difficult management of airways. Craniofacial malformations can represent a very big deal due to mandible hypoplasia such as Pierre Robin syndrome or Treacher-Collins syndrome; hemifacial microsomia such as Goldenhar syndrome; midface hypoplasia as Apert syndrome [5], Crouzon syndrome, Pfeiffer syndrome and macroglossia such as Hurler’s syndrome, Hunter’s syndrome, or weakness of atlanto-occipital joint such as Downs syndrome, EhlersDanlos syndrome type IV or osteogenesis imperfecta. Tracheal intubation should indeed be avoided in syndromes as epidermolysis bullosa to prevent severe tracheal lesions. In conclusion, besides patients with a clear diagnosis, sometimes a simple pathology can hide unknown RDs [6]. For this reason the pre-anesthesiological evaluation is crucial, more than ever in syndromic children, to assess the risk before undergoing general anesthesia or sedation. This allows the best strategy to work safely to be put in place and to improve outcome.