Special Research Research Articles

Artistic practices of Valery Hegamyan in the context of Ukrainian-Armenian intercultural ties

The purpose of the work is to investigate the artistic and stylistic practices of V. Hegemyan, which he applied in the process of creative activity in the context of the history of art of Armenia and Ukraine. Emphasis is placed on clarifying biographical facts about the artist and teacher. The research methodology consists in the application of general scientific and special research methods, in particular, analysis, synthesis, induction and deduction, generalization and abstraction, semitic, descriptive, which collectively allowed to consider artistic practices in the work of the artist V. Hegamyan. The scientific novelty of the work lies in the fact that for the first time the facts of the artist's creative biography were introduced into scientific circulation, which made it possible to reveal the intercultural influences of the environment of Ukrainian and Armenian cultures on the formation of V. Hegamyan's creative style. Conclusions. V. Hegamyan's creativity and teaching are frankly synthetic in nature. Both of his activities are based on classical traditions, but as a result are qualitatively new artistic phenomena. Hegamyan's artistic style is a kind of symbiosis of masterful realism and modernist principles of symbolism, expressionism, fauvism, and constructivism embodied in monumental techniques. V. Hegamyan's genre work is widely represented: from studies of classics, landscapes, still lifes, wonderful realistic and conventional portraits to huge genre paintings. There are strong ethnic motifs in the artist's work: both Armenian and Ukrainian, while the artist nevertheless operates with general aesthetic categories, finding his own symbolic and figurative meaning.
 Keywords: artistic practices, work of Valery Hegamyan, Armenian artists, painting, graphics, intercultural relations, Ukrainian art, artist-pedagogue.

VOCABULARY OF THE MIDDLE BUG AREA DIALECTS IN THE DIALECT DICTIONARY

The article presents a fragment of the “Dictionary of the dialects of the Middle Bug area”. The object of the study is agricultural vocabulary documented in the dialects of the Middle Bug area. The subject of the study is the organization of this lexical layer in the dialect dictionary. The sources of the factual material are audio recordings of vernacular speech with a total duration of 205 hours 54 min. 13 s., made in 74 settlements of the Middle Bug area during the period of 2014–2016. The article uses general scientific methods of research: analysis, synthesis and observation, which made it possible to identify and systematize the dialect material; the descriptive method was used in the analysis of vernacular speech. Special linguistic research methods: questionnaires and interviews contributed to the documenting of dialect speech, contextual and interpretive analysis allowed to identify transformations of the semantic scope of lexemes functioning in the speech of speakers of the MiddleBug dialects, linguogeographical method made it possible to illustrate the areology of the documented names. The article describes the structure of a dictionary entry and presents a fragment of the “Dictionary of the dialects of the Middle Bug area”. The register lexemes are marked with letter abbreviations of the names of the examined settlements and with the references to the “Etymological Dictionary of the Ukrainian Language” (1982–2012), the “Eleven-volume Dictionary of the Ukrainian Language” (1970–1980), the “Dictionary of the Ukrainian Language edited by B. D. Hrinchenko” (1907), and the “Dictionary of Ukrainian Dialects of Odesa Region” edited by O. I. Bondar (2011) if the respective word is documented as a dialectism in the above lexicographic sources. In order to reveal the semantics of a register word and describe in more detail the specifics of the Middle Bug area dialects, sentences and microtexts of dialect speech with the obligatory indication of the settlement where they were recorded have been added. The peculiarities of pronunciation are reflected and illustrative material is presented using the general phonetic transcription for recording Ukrainian literary and dialect speech, which is proposed in the first volume of the “Atlas of the Ukrainian Language”. The analyzed lexical material emphasizes the originality of the Middle Bug area dialects, as evidenced by pronounced lexical, phonetic and, less often, accentual and grammatical variants of dialect names.

Modern children’s choral art of Ukraine and China: presentation of masters’ experience (Serhiy Prokopov – Yang Hongnian)

Statement of the problem. The information space of the 21st century, including the cultural and educational areas, is characterized by tendencies towards synthesis and integration. So, modern children’s choral art of Ukraine and China appears as an art of cultural dialogue, in the process of which the spiritual values of a new type of a person are forming. The relevance of this study is determined by the need for analytical comparison and comprehension in the scientific discourse of the principles of creative activity of the leading representatives of the both cultural traditions in the field of children’s choral art. Despite the wide range of scientific works in the sphere of choral art, both, the historical and theoretical basis of contemporary children’s choral pedagogy in Ukraine and China, and its leading trends in nowadays remains relevant and requires special research. Objectives, methods and novelty of the research. The purpose of the article is to highlight the scientific, practical and pedagogical achievements of outstanding masters of modern children’s choral art of Ukraine and China, Serhiy Prokopov and Yang Hongnian. For the first time a comparative analysis of the scientific-practical and pedagogical experience of these outstanding masters is represented. The methods оf analysis and systematization, comparative, historical and culturological approach were attracted to research. Research results and conclusion. Summarizing the results of the analysis of the scientific, practical and pedagogical works of two famous masters of children’s choral performance of Ukraine and China, Serhiy Prokopov and Yang Hongnian, we noted that their methodological approaches are focused on the development of individual vocal and choral skills (singing arrangement, singing breathing, attack of sound, sound management, diction, articulation, timbre of the voice); on the formation of musical-auditory ideas (harmonic sense, coordination of hearing and voice, etc.); mastering the skills of choral singing (singing in unison and polyphony, rhythmic synchronicity, ensemble diction, etc.); on the development of emotional and figurative perception and thinking in children. Our research gives reasons to assert that the theoretical principles of two well-known choral conductors of modern children’s choral performances in Ukraine and China are based on the same priority approaches to choral pedagogy: humanistic, person-oriented, multicultural, comparative, systemic. The main factors that should be taken into account in the process of comparative analysis of the basic theoretical concepts of the both masters are the specifics of their national mentality determined by sociohistorical, cultural and educational conditions.

Dogs’ general response to babesiosis infection of various severities

Global climate change in recent decades has led to an increase in the activity and expansion of the range of many diseases. One of them is canine babesiosis. Therefore, it is becoming increasingly important to monitor the functional state of the organism in sick dogs and timely detection of kidney, liver, spleen, cardiovascular system, anaemia, and other disorders that complicate the course of babesiosis. The research aims to determine the peculiarities of metabolic and functional changes in dogs with different intensities of babesiosis infection. During the laboratory diagnostics, general and special research methods were used: light microscopy, centrifugation, spectrophotometry, and mathematical statistics. Based on the results of comprehensive microscopic, morphological, and biochemical studies of blood in dogs with different intensities of babesiosis infection, the most characteristic functional and metabolic changes in their body were identified. Thus, at different intensities of babesiosis infection in diseased animals, the features of the haematological profile are leukocytopenia against the background of eosinopenia (at a mild degree of infection) and lymphocytopenia with a simultaneous compensatory increase in the number of monocytes and neutrophils, as well as erythrocytopenia, hypochromemia, thrombocytopenia with a decrease in thrombocrit and haematocrit. In addition, these patients developed hyperfermentemia of aspartate and alanine aminotransferases, alkaline phosphatase, and γ-glutamyl transpeptidase, indicating structural and functional changes, primarily in the myocardium, liver, skeletal muscle, brain and kidneys due to their toxic damage by babesia waste products. At the same time, hypoproteinaemia, hypoalbuminemia and hyperazotemia were observed in the affected animals, indicating an increase in the intensity of catabolic processes in functional cells of organs and tissues, especially the liver. The most pronounced changes in the studied parameters were observed at high intensity of babesiosis infection. The established regularities allow the use of these haematological parameters as markers of functional and metabolic changes in the body of dogs at different intensities of babesiosis infection

Notes on Various Transforms Identified by Some Special Functions with Complex (or Real) Parameters and Some of Related Implications

The fundamental aim of this special research is first to introduce certain essential information in regards to some special functions, which are the Gamma function and the Beta function and play a big role in both (applied) mathematics and most engineering sciences, and then to present both a number of their familiar properties and several relationships between them. Afterward, various possible-undeniable effects of those special functions in the transformation theory, their special implications, and suggestions for the relevant researchers will be also considered as special information.

Semiotics of Song Discourse During the Spanish Civil War (1936-1939)

Song discourse, as a type of discourse, represents a special field research. A piece of music related to a certain historical context is part of the expression of culture, memory and identity of the nation. The aim of the study is the interpretation of song and poetry works from the period of the Spanish Civil War (1936-1939), one of the difficult stages in the history of the country, as well as a semiotic analysis of the song texts of the two fighting parties. The analysis of the lyrics makes it possible to determine the key features of the depiction of the military conflict within the linguocultural, linguocognitive, social and political context. The role of song discourse as part of propaganda and a way to rally the population against the designated enemy is defined. In addition, the relevance of the study is consonant with the socio-political course of Spain in the last few years to deal with the traumatic past of the Civil War and the consequent dictatorship of F. Franco. The material of the study is Spanish-language song texts about the period of the Spanish Civil War (1936- 1939). The main research methods are lexical-semantic, contextual, corpus analysis, methods of semantic and pragmatic interpretation. In addition to the study of the song discourse of the Civil War period, the song discourse of the post-war period is also analyzed. The authors conclude that song and poetry texts acted as an effective tool for rallying the people and quickly conveying the position of the conflicting parties, strengthening propaganda. To date, the musical works of the supporters of the Republic who lost the war in 1939 and after 1939, which were censored in Spain, basking in the popularity, given the campaigns of Spanish public organizations to search for the remains of soldiers and perpetuate the memory of the victims of the Civil War of 1936-1939 and the dictatorship.

Functional and organic dysphonia in voice professionals (lecture)

An urgent task of otorhinolaryngology (phoniatry) is the diagnosis and treatment of disorders of voice function in voice professionals or persons of voice-speech professions. An undiagnosed laryngeal disease worsens the quality of life of patients, creates difficulties in communication and can even lead to professional unfitness, because the patient does not withstand the necessary vocal load. The leading role in the modern diagnosis of laryngeal diseases belongs to endoscopic research methods video endoscopy and video endostroboscopy. All disorders of voice function are classified as functional and organic. Recent studies have shown that from 30.5 to 40% of voice professionals who have applied for phoniatric care suffer from functional disorders. Functional changes are understood to mean changes in which laryngoscopic examination does not always reveal any visible pathology. But with the help of special research methods, such as stroboscopy (videostroboscopy), spectral analysis of the voice, pathognomonic changes can be determined, and the patient presents characteristic complaints. More often than others, hypotonic and hypo-hypertonic dysphonia are diagnosed. Organic laryngeal diseases are characteristic of 69.5% of patients with dysphonia. They are represented by various nosological forms. Certain difficulties arise in the diagnosis of professional laryngitis and vascular pathology of the larynx. The lecture presents pathognomonic clinical changes of the larynx in voice professionals, knowledge of which is necessary for practical doctors to make a diagnosis.

Tourism, Mountain, and ‘Mystic Fire’: A Study on Spiritual Journey of a Vedic Sadhak Living in Panchasee Mountain in Central Nepal

This paper is on spiritual tourism associates: tourism, ecology, and spirituality in the specific context of Panchasee mountain in the central Nepal. It presents spiritual experiences of a Vedic sadhak, born and raised in the west, lived in Sri Aurobindo Ashram in India for forty years from his young age and now has been living in Panchasee. Its key concern is to understand his spiritual quest in the Himalayan ecology. Focused on the stage of the spiritual transformation of the sadhak’s inner journey it reveals that the sadhak is highly energized to remain close with his spiritual wisdom that he experienced in Panchasee ecology and being active as a member of a family of the mountain society. It concludes with some insights in relation to spiritual tourism. This study has adopted a special research strategy called fursad ethnography to generate data on the sadhak’s life history and his spiritual quest in the Panchasee mountain.

P‐BB‐4 | A Comparison of Warm verses Cold Market Prospecting for Recruiting Participants to Special Collections and Clinical Research at Community Blood Banks

P‐BB‐4 | A Comparison of Warm verses Cold Market Prospecting for Recruiting Participants to Special Collections and Clinical Research at Community Blood Banks

Crime Forecasting in the Digital Age: A Theoretical Framework

The aim of the study is to describe the criminological framework of crime forecasting based on special literature, prac-tice materials and research. Analytical, synthesis, inductive, deductive and descriptive research methods are used inthe article. The authors conclude that the development of full, comprehensive and highly reliable crime forecasts is alaborious and complex process. Predictive measures should be designed in a more urgent manner – this might en-compass the reporting of anticipated crimes in advance, as well as the indication of changes in the overall structure ofcrime and dangerous trends of a specific type of crime. Consequently, there must be a warning effect in order to preventpossible adverse trends.

How Many Handwritings Does Dostoevsky Have: Typology Tasks

Dostoevsky's handwriting has only recently become the subject of special research. This was facilitated by a number of tasks of studying the manuscript corpus of Dostoevsky's texts. Modern scholars often do not entirely know the grammar and graphics of the writer. A significant volume of Dostoevsky's manuscripts is written in illegible cursive. It is not always possible for researchers to confidently determine who created the handwritten text — the author or the scribe. In many cases, there is no relatively accurate printed reproduction of manuscripts. Some of the complex texts were read mistakenly. The use of digital technologies allows us to solve some of the research tasks. One of the auxiliary tasks is to study the typology of Dostoevsky's handwriting. By the 19th century, such common types of handwriting as cursive, tachygraphic writing and calligraphy had historically developed in Russia. There are different definitions of these concepts, but their meaning is most precisely explained by the semantics of words. The cursive reproduces the outlines of letters and words according to samples. Everyone learned to write properly according to cursive workbooks, but everyone had their own handwriting. In life, a person usually managed with one handwriting, as a rule, cursive. Tachygraphic writing is functional. Its task is to simplify the spelling of letters and speed up the writing process. Regular tachygraphic writing is legible, but rapid tachygraphic writing is not always legible. Calligraphy is often equated with cursive, but it was penmanship that was taught in cursive copybooks — beautiful handwriting according to the prescribed samples is dead. Dostoevsky wrote not by craft, but by inspiration, out of love for art. Patterns are excluded in Dostoevsky's calligraphy — it’s all about personal skill. It is enough to recall the multiplication of calligraphies by Myshkin in the novel "The Idiot". Dostoevsky adds four more original calligraphies to the five famous ones through Myshkin’s words. There is no such analysis in scientific literature. Dostoevsky aspired to a variety of handwritings. In his understanding, the letter expressed the spirit, the national character of a person and people, the meaning of speech and words. It

Стратегическое управление региональными туристскими ресурсами как фактор развития территории в новых условиях

Based on the analysis of regional tourism strategies, the article emphasizes the challenges and benefits of the strategic approach to tourism development. The authors analyzed various approaches to strategic management of tourism resources and identified current trends and contradictions. The conceptual provisions for strategic management of tourism development in the region based on subject-object and systemic approaches are presented. The methodological basis of the study is presented by the results of research by domestic and foreign specialists, in which a comprehensive analysis of the conditions and specifics of strategic management of regional development with the identification of promising opportunities for the integration of relevant innovative methods in the regional social and economic system was carried out. In accordance with this, the following general theoretical and special research methods were applied in the course of the study: statistical analysis, generalization, grouping, systematization, deduction, and induction. The study showed that the methodology for the promotion of tourism resources requires the improvement of strategic management tools, especially in the current context of an increasingly turbulent external environment and the transition to modern methods and models of territorial development. Taking into consideration the two main directions of development of the tourism industry, i.e., external and internal tourism, the following factors of strategic development are expected to be analyzed: the geographical position of the region, the development of transport infrastructure, and natural and climatic features. External factors such as sanctions, pandemics, and other restrictions also affect the formation and development of tourism potential. Thus, in the context of the restrictions caused by the pandemic, domestic tourism grew considerably. Government-supported regional initiatives in the form of the National Project “Tourism and Hospitality Industry” became a strategic stimulus for regional tourism. The management of the strategy for the development of regional tourism resources involves the development of a desired image of the tourism sector in the region, the identification of priority areas, and effective promotion tools based on the methods of territorial marketing.

ПОРІВНЯННЯ СИСТЕМ ПРОГНОЗУВАННЯ НАПРЯМУ ЗМІН КУРСУ ФІНАНСОВОГО ІНСТРУМЕНТУ З ВИКОРИСТАННЯМ ПРОСТИХ, ЕКСПОНЕНЦІЙНИХ ТА ЛІНІЙНО ЗВАЖЕНИХ КОВЗНИХ СЕРЕДНІХ

Several modern scientific studies point to the fact that technical analysis indicators have a predictive power of various types. Accordingly, trading systems for working in financial markets built using them may have some practical value. This work explores a specific range of topical issues of development, testing, and implementation of a trading system that generates an instruction to execute a stock transaction based on the signals of technical analysis indicators, particularly exponential, weighted, and simple moving averages. The works of modern scientists have been analyzed in which options for using these indicators are considered. In this context, the current research aims to analyze the influence of linearly weighted moving average settings and their combinations on the profitability of the trading system, as well as to compare the results of such a system with the results of a strategy built on a combination of simple and exponential moving averages. General scientific (analysis, synthesis, comparison, modeling) and special (testing, statistical analysis, graphical, tabular) research methods were used to achieve the goal. Based on this, the tasks solved using indicators of this kind were formed. A methodology for selecting moving averages and their settings is proposed when creating, testing, and implementing a trader's trading system. A methodology for selecting moving averages and their settings is proposed when creating, testing, and implementing a trader's trading system. Several approaches to forming and interpreting the signal regarding the change in the rate of a financial asset generated by the system are considered. The work also analyzes the criteria for comparing the results of strategies at the testing stage. The results of the application of various options of strategies were calculated and compared, and the optimal ones were selected according to the given selection criteria. The simulation of trading operations was performed for the currency pair EUR/USD, and weekly quotes from 1999 to 2023 were used, based on which the optimal combination of indicators for use in the trading strategy was determined. It is also stated that the system, built on moving averages, has shortcomings and needs additional optimization. Variants of possible optimization and the corresponding toolkit that can be analyzed are indicated. Based on the results of the research, it was concluded that the proposed approach to the development and use of the trader's trading system can be used to perform accurate exchange operations.

КЫРГЫЗ САТИРАСЫ: ТЕК, ТҮР, ЖАНР МАСЕЛЕЛЕРИ

It can be said that after the October Revolution, namely in the 20s of the twentieth century, a period of great success, controversy and heated discussions began for the former Soviet literature. These materials alone would give grounds for considering them as objects of special scientific research. After all, at that time, the literature of the Union republics was making a new step in professional terms, and with the publication of the first samples of written literature, its theoretical and practical issues were put on the agenda and aroused considerable interest. New concepts for the literature of the 1920s often arose within the framework of the Russian literature of that time, and with great difficulty they reached the remote mountainous regions, especially those like us, whose literature lived and developed in oral form. Its objective reasons are also known to us. Nevertheless, in 1924 the first Kyrgyz national newspaper Erkin Too was published on November 7 and served as a source of our literature. Starting from the first issues of the aforementioned Erkin Toon, some genres of Kyrgyz written literature appeared. Kyrgyz professional satire is also created on the pages of this newspaper. In a satirical work, laughter is necessarily critical and sarcastic. He pokes fun at petty flaws in people's behavior, work, and character with mild humour. Humor can be found in all genres of fiction - novels, short stories, essays, short stories, dramas, feuilletons, fables and others.

POLICE FORCE AS AN INTERNAL SECURITY ADMINISTRATION ENTITY

Internal security administration is a system of multiple entities responsible for protecting and maintaining internal security in the state. In a broad sense, this system includes public administration, private entities, and social organizations. Certainly, there is a clearer view of the functioning of a narrower group of institutions within the subordination of the minister responsible for internal affairs, which within the department of internal affairs administration deal with the protection of the aforementioned security. The entities that are subordinated and supervised by this supreme body of government administration undertake specialized activities that comprise the entire scope of this department and form a kind of internal security administration system. Noteworthy in this group is the police force aimed at overseeing human security, protecting public safety and order, which is a task assigned to the administrative department. The study analyzes internal security as a specific state, as well as the system of entities responsible for its assurance. Special research attention was paid to the legal position of the police, its organization and the specific dimension of tasks performed. The subject of considerations is the police force as a part of the whole system and tasks it undertakes. The research was conducted on the basis of legal and dogmatic as well as analytical methods. In turn, the fundamental aim of this research was to pay attention to the Police as a component of the internal security administration and its specifics. The research hypothesis stated that the Police is a basic element of the internal security administration system, which is responsible for a significant part of this security, and without its participation and activity it would not be possible to ensure the conditions of safe existence of the general population, after verification was confirmed.

Development of Theoretical Principles for the Study of the Linguistic Landscape in the Context of Urban Multilingualism

Linguistic landscape studies have become an integral part of sociolinguistics over the past twenty years. In this article, an attempt is made to study the development of their theoretical principles which have not been the subject of special research. Based on various definitions of the term “linguistic landscape” found in the works of different years the article shows the evolution of research principles from quantitative, based mainly on the statistical study of the representation of languages, to complex ones, which focus on the qualitative characteristics of languages functioning in public urban space.

CRITICS AND ILL-WILLERS IN THE FATE OF THE CHUVASH EDUCATOR I.Ya. YAKOVLEV

The article highly appreciates the importance of the activities carried out by the Chuvash educator Ivan Yakovlevich Yakovlev. However, the author believes that without analyzing the difficulties, obstacles and attacks of slanderers that the great educator of the Chuvash people had to go through, the scale of his personality and his perseverance in achieving his goal cannot be worthily appreciated. That is why it is important to remember those facts of his biography that give the opportunity to understand the historical situation in which I.Ya. Yakovlev had to act.
 
 The purpose of the article is to consider the main facts from the biography of I.Ya. Yakovlev, testifying to the desire of ill-willers to hinder the great educator in his noble activities, which forced him to distract from pressing matters in order to resist undeserved criticism.
 
 Materials and methods. The methodological basis of the article is made by the principles of historicism, objectivity and consistency, as well as a set of general scientific and special historical research methods that made it possible to conduct a comprehensive analysis of archival and memoir sources.
 
 Study results. At the beginning of his activity I.Ya. Yakovlev was criticized as a follower of N.I. Ilminsky, and was accused of separatism and nationalism. After the revolution of 1905–1907, a slanderous campaign in the press began, aimed at reducing his authority among the Chuvash, which was associated with Yakovlev’s anti-revolutionary position. In 1917–1919, he was accused of a counterrevolutionary character, the All-Russian Special Commission for Combating Counter-revolution opened a case against him, Sabotage and Speculation and he was forced to resign from the post of inspector at Simbirsk Chuvash school. In 1922 Yakovlev was forced to leave Simbirsk. In the 1930s, he was accused of Russification and excessive religiosity. “Yakovlevism” was declared a negative phenomenon in the Chuvash culture. It was only in the late 1940s that an objective assessment of I.Ya. Yakovlev’s enormous contribution to the education of the Chuvash people came to the fore.
 
 Conclusions. During his long life, I.Ya. Yakovlev was accused of separatism, nationalism, counterrevolutionary activities, and russification. After some time, these accusations look unfounded. He stood up, and today Ivan Yakovlevich is a recognized patriarch whose merits to the Chuvash people are beyond doubt. Paying tribute to these merits, one should not forget what difficulties, bad-mouthing and attacks of slanderers he went through on the way to his noble goal of educating the Chuvash people.

FEATURES OF THE WORK ORGANIZATION OF INSURANCE COMPANIES OF UKRAINE DURING THE PERIOD OF ARMED INVASION

The article is devoted to the definition of the main aspects of the organization of work of insurance companies of Ukraine during the period of armed invasion. The purpose of the article is to determine the effects on the work of insurance companies in the modern conditions of the armed invasion of Russian aggressors and to provide proposals regarding the priority areas of insurance management. The object of the research is the processes of organization and management of the work of insurance companies. The subject of the study is the ways of optimizing the work of insurers in conditions of external and internal negative influences. The research used general scientific and special research methods: comparative analysis, scientific abstraction and generalization of the scientific experience of modern theoretical studies, a system-complex approach. When conducting an analysis of the dynamics of the number of insurance organizations and gross insurance payments and premiums for the period 2017-2022, it was found that fluctuations in their volumes also occurred in pre-war times. The main reasons that made it possible to effectively reduce the number of insurance service providers without a significant loss of the client base, while simultaneously increasing the guarantee requirements for insurers, were identified. It has been proven that even in the pre-war period, conditions were created for strengthening requirements for corporate governance, introducing a civilized procedure for withdrawing insolvent insurers from the market, and implementing Solvency II. It is noted that Russia's sudden insidious attack caused a wave of violations and disruptions in the work of almost all domestic business entities. revealed that during 2022, the activities of insurance companies and other participants of the financial market of Ukraine took place in the conditions of the maximum limit of destabilization, and the volume of services fell significantly compared to the pre-war period. The structure of assets and liabilities of life insurers and risk insurers in 2022 was studied, and the largest insurance premiums and payments by region of Ukraine as of January 1, 2023 were identified.According to the results of the research conducted by Mrthe development and further development within the framework of state programs and on a unified conceptual basis of the methodology of managing insurance companies in conditions of war, the creation and expansion of a modern intellectual knowledge base of this subject area are recognized as priority areas of insurance management. It was emphasized that measures to ensure the organization of the work of insurance companies during the armed invasion should be based on advanced management techniques using the latest technologies.

International Liability for Violation of “WTO Rights”: Functions of the WTO Dispute Settlement Body

Introduction. The article discusses the theoretical and practical features of the content of the rules on liability and their application by the Dispute Settlement Body of the World Trade Organization. Theoretical Basis. Methods. The theoretical basis was scientific developments in domestic and foreign doctrines concerning the responsibility of states and organizations under general international law and “WTO law”, which are of fundamental importance for the subject of analysis in the present. Among them are the works of Russian specialists – L. P. Anufrieva, D. S. Boklan, G. M. Kalachigin, A. Ya. Kapustin, Ya. S. Kozheurov, I. V. Rachkov, M. Trunk-Fedorova and others, as well as foreign authors – G. Arangio-Ruiz, J. Gomul, J. Pauvelin, D. Jackson, J. Crawford, E. W. Pietersmann and others. In preparing the article, such general scientific methods of cognition as systemic and structural analysis, synthesis, deduction, induction, analogy, formal logic, and private scientific special research methods were used: historical-legal, comparative-legal, formal-legal. Results. As a result of the analysis: a) a hypothesis is put forward about the existence of two “autonomous” (special treaty) regimes: the actual “WTO rights” in relation to general international law, on the one hand, and “responsibility in WTO law” as lex specialis in its relationship with the rules on liability in international law in general (lex generalis), on the other; b) a fundamental feature of the approach to international responsibility in the “WTO law” in the case of the use by its members of measures that do not comply with the norms of the “package” of WTO agreements, as opposed to how this happens when applying the “classical” positions of the law of responsibility in general international law with its inherent wrongful conduct, the basis of wrongfulness is the use of the presumption of “cancellation or reduction of benefits”. In light of this, complete disregard for the concept of “responsibility for violating WTO law” does not seem rational, bearing in mind that one way or another the term “inappropriate measure” is made dependent on the assessment of the behavior of subjects - in accordance with or not in accordance with WTO law; c) proposals are made to introduce into the Arrangement on Rules and Procedures Governing Dispute Resolution (hereinafter referred to as the ADR), provisions on “restrictive measures” to be applied to violators. This is especially important in the current period, when under the conditions of “sanctions pressure” against Russia, including from the side of the WTO member states, an unjustified asymmetry is being created: bypassing the fundamental principles of “WTO law”, the main foundations of international trade, declared throughout the the last decades, and as a rule, there is no question of responsibility for “wrongfulness”, i. e., “violation of the WTO law”, in the literal legal interpretation; d) in view of the clearly ongoing crisis in the WTO dispute resolution system due to failures in the work of the Appellate Body as its principal link, an appropriate interpretation of the WTO DRS is proposed in direct connection with the provisions of the Marrakesh Agreement in order to change the tools for electing members of the Appellate Body of the Resolution Body WTO disputes - not by consensus, but by voting. Discussion and Conclusion. In order to draw attention to the issues of the functioning of the WTO as a multilateral trading system that needs to ensure stability, sustainability and liberalization of the regulation of interstate trade relations, the article, in the course of analyzing the problems of international responsibility, gives a definition of the concept of “responsibility in WTO law”, and also proposes for discussion the introduction of some additional provisions, both relating to general approaches to said liability, and relating to non-enforcement of decisions of the Dispute Settlement Body.

Efficacy comparison of two methods for determining the position of the rebate edge (formed after MDF machining) during automatic monitoring of workpiece delamination

: Efficacy comparison of two methods for determining the position of the rebate edge (formed after machining) during automatic monitoring of workpiece delamination. Delamination is one of the most common defects in the processing of wood-based materials. It has a huge impact on the quality of the final product. In order to determine the delamination indicators in a simple and reliable way, the automatic image processing method can be used (Śmietańska et al. 2020). Bator and Śmietańska (2019) proposed the special algorithm to estimate the straight line representing a milling edge. However, this algorithm is quite complicated. The aim of this article is to check whether the aforementioned (complicated) algorithmic way can be replaced by a much simpler idea – the precise manual positioning of the scanned sample on the scanner (using very simple device installed on the scanner). The special experimental research was carried out to compare the effectiveness of the two different methods. The straight line which represents the rebate edge identified by Bator and Śmietańska (2019) algorithm was usually accurate to 1 pixel (0.02 mm). The analogue line based on the assumption that the scanned samples were perfectly positioned on the scanner only sometimes fit just as well. At worst, the distance between these lines is 0.2 mm. Usually the distance did not exceed 0.16 mm but was significant and quite random. There was no statistically significant correlation between this parameter (Dmax) and tool condition (VB). It means that sample were not perfect positioned. They were placed more or less in the same position because of imperfect stiffness of the frame installed on the scanner and human errors.