Special Relationship Research Articles

Faktor Relationship Benefits yang Meningkatkan Positive Word of Mouth di Toko Buku Impor X

This study aims to analyze the effect of relationship benefits on the creation of positive Word of Mouth (WOM) in imported bookstore X. In the context of increasingly competitive marketing, Word of Mouth has become a strategic focus for companies as an effective and economical alternative in influencing consumer behavior. The research method used Purposive Sampling with 200 respondents aged 18-45 years who had shopped at imported bookstore X. The majority of respondents were women (59.5%), aged 25-34 years (39.5%), and S1 graduates (56.5%). The analysis is carried out using the Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) method to examine the relationship between variables. The study involved 9 variables, including trust benefits, special treatment benefits, social benefits, information benefits, sharing benefits, functional quality, technical quality, relationship quality, and word of mouth. The results of the analysis show that Confidence Benefit and Sharing Benefit have a significant influence in increasing the sense of security and desire to share from store employees. Relationship Quality is also important to increase customer trust and satisfaction. Word of Mouth becomes a major factor in improving sales perception and reputation. This research provides a deep understanding of the role of Relationship Benefits in creating positive Word of Mouth in the retail environment, providing strategic implications for companies in designing effective WOM-based marketing programs to influence consumer preferences.

Inter-Relationship between Certain Unfamiliar Animals and Plants

Living in an environment totally devoid of green vegetation, man turns crazy as is often experienced by scientists who have to live in the white wilderness of the Arctic ice-cap. They create artificial cardboard conifers to soothen the famished eye. A few examples of special relationship between animals and plants are given below. For the baya weaverbird (Ploceus philippinus), green strands of leaf blades at the nest is a sign of industriousness, and males who can weave efficient nests get many mates during one season. For the aboriginee women of Jeya, the bark of Cinnamomum kami is a defense against their brutal husband. When harassed, they threaten to eat kami and become sexually sterile, not capable of producing a male issue who is the pride and support for the father at his old age. The male deer-pig (Babirussa babirussa) always sharpens his tusk on the butress-roots of Canarium sp. Where such buttressed trees are felled or not available, the animal migrates to another region. The malleefowl (Leipoa ocellata) piles leaves and brambles over its large, 10-m wide nest. With rains, the organic materials liberate heat enough to hatch the eggs of the fowl that doesn't brood over the eggs. At the reclaimed land of the Sumatra swamps, where the natural ecosystem is disturbed by coconut plantations, rare crustacean and mammalian pests start ravanging the coconut. Small-holders grow pineapple, tapioca, banana and yams at the borders of gardens established in forest areas for these pests to get satiated with their produce and spare the coconut. Man endeavours to improve the dry and parched soil to raise a green coconut Canopy by difficult means. He even converts the marshy swamps by providing suitable drainage system into a land suitable for raising crop plants. Man is also capable of replacing an uneconomic crop in favour of an attractive one, thus going upto the extent of clearing mountains of Coconuts in favour of more paying crops bke the clove. The largest flower (Refflesia arnoldi) and the gigantic arum (Amorphophallus titanum) emit odour unbearable for human being in order to attract pollinating agents. Coconut trichomes serve as poison to insect pests like Setora nitens and Chalcoscelids sp. Particularly in South India, people are causing the rapid disappearance of the "karpaka vriksham", (Borassus flabellifer), the hope for people of dry regions. The Caconut crab (Birgus latro) is alleged to subsist mostly on coconut and hence its popular name. However, thus has recently been proved to be untrue since the crab can live without coconut. The painted stork carries green twigs to its nest having chicks. DO these twigs protect the chicks from diseases, pests or excessive heat? The common crow, Corvus splendens is an example for an animal that reduces its dependence on plants. It switches over to metal nests in place of the traditional nest made of twigs and brambles.

The “Other” Pro-Israel Lobby: The AFL-CIO and Israel (1952–1960)

Abstract As the American Left finds itself increasingly alienated from Israel, this article supplements the rich historical narrative regarding U.S.–Israel relations by highlighting the important—albeit mostly forgotten—contribution of the American Federation of Labor and the Congress of Industrial Organizations (AFL-CIO) to forging the so-called “special relationship” from the onset. This transnational study transcends prevailing focus on Jewish-American and Christian-Zionist lobbying operations by weaving together the history of U.S.–Israel relations with that of organized labor in the United States and demonstrating how they mutually reinforced each other. The article makes a two-part argument: first, that the AFL-CIO's embrace of Israel and Histadrut, Israel's general federation of labor, proved instrumental in establishing American popular support for Israel in the 1950s and cementing it as a leading liberal cause; second, that such support was not merely rooted in Cold War exigencies, but also served domestic purposes by offering American labor officials an inspiring—yet romanticized—model for social democracy onto which they could project their own aspirations and grievances.

BASIS OF ACTIVATING RELATIONS BETWEEN KAZAKHSTAN AND THE WORLD OF THE EAST

The article considers that Kazakhstan has a special relationship with other countries of Central Asia and the Arab and Islamic worlds. As for the eastern states, they are united by close ties of neighborhood, mutual benefit and common interests in their cultural, political, economic aspects. It also corresponds to the countries of the Arab and Islamic worlds in many elements of identity in its historical, cultural and religious aspects, as well as in other grounds of identity. The political leadership at the top of the ruling regime in Kazakhstan, represented by President Tokayev, is clearly aware of this fact, as they work to develop it and develop its mechanisms, focusing on common interests and restoring a constructive role at the regional and international levels. It should be met positively by the countries of the Eastern world, all of which belong to the same world and suffer from the accumulation of problems and difficulties that hinder their movement towards the realization of the aspirations of their peoples for a decent life by ensuring their vital needs and human rights in them through the prism of human dignity.

„Guarda femina temeraria“

Abstract This article examines the literary self-portrayals of Arcangela Tarabotti, who became known for her denunciations of forced monacazation in 17th-century Venice. The focus is on the self-representation as a bold, transgressive woman („femina temeraria“) who was not afraid to go into battle against men, which the author skillfully combines with her portrayal as an innocent virgin. Against the background of Tarabotti’s transgressions of contemporary norms and her special relationship to the Accademia degli Incogniti, the article discusses in which way this image may have promoted the publication of her writings on the Venetian book market. In a second step, I examine how the author uses various figures of the ‚avenging innocence‘ (avenging angel, virgo virago, etc.) in the Lettere and especially in La semplicità ingannata to enter both the literary and the political debate.

US–UK–France relations amid the Russia–Ukraine war: a new strategic alignment?

Abstract The Russian invasion of Ukraine and the recognition of the rising challenge from China have resulted in a closer alignment of American, British and French strategic interests. This policy paper explores how the strategic relationship between the United States, the United Kingdom and France has evolved amid this changed threat environment. The Russia–Ukraine war exposed the limitations of France's policy of ‘strategic autonomy’ and reasserted the importance of an American role in European security. The war has re-focused attention upon the Lancaster House framework in which the UK and France have the potential to enhance their contribution to European defence. The UK still regards its ‘special relationship’ with the US as being of critical importance to its foreign policy. But the UK's diminishing military power makes it a less valuable ally to the US whose attention is increasingly upon the Indo-Pacific region. The paper argues that the alignment between the three countries has been closer over the Russian war in Ukraine compared to attitudes towards China, where tensions between France and the ‘Anglo-Saxons’ persist. France has been unwilling to adopt the American approach towards China and has stuck to its vision of a multipolar world. The AUKUS deal arranged between the US, UK and Australia had the effect of alienating France. The policy paper contends that the temporary alignment between US, UK and French interests will erode as long-standing conflicts of interest re-emerge. In particular, the unpredictability of US leadership will damage the trilateral relationship if Donald Trump regains the presidency in November 2024.

Renewing the Cold War Narrative of “Special” Anglo-American Relations: Commemoration, Performance, and the American Bicentennial

Abstract This article uses the U.S. bicentennial as a case study to develop two themes about U.S.-British relations in the 1970s. First, the performative framework of commemoration was of considerable importance to the “special relationship.” The U.S. and British governments effectively used the bicentennial of an Anglo-American war to enact and popularize a distinctly useful historical narrative—a story of bilateral unity and strength, shared culture, eternal peace, and friendship—that was useful during the Cold War. Commemoration of the bicentennial signaled British recognition that historical and cultural ties offered a robust source of influence in Washington. Second, as the zenith of Anglo-American cooperation during World War II faded in collective memory, the political salience of commemorative events increased during the Cold War. They became contributory to and constitutive of a continually renewing public narrative of “special” Anglo-American relations that interwove times past, present, and future.

“There is not time in the city There is no place on the high street”: Agency of Urban Space and David Greig’s San Diego as Soft City

Agency of space is a phenomenon not to be ignored. Affecting every entity, it encloses and interacts with, gives space a peculiar agency. Without doubt, urban space is a particular space where the interaction between human and space is the densest. Billions of people live in urban space and like a container it is shaping the lives of its inhabitants. This act of shaping is not only physical but also identity-related. Through the analysis of how the characters are shaped by eponymous city in David Greig’s San Diego, this article aims to demonstrate the special relationship between urban space and human beings. Prior to reaching any conclusions about this relationship, the similarity between a playwright and an architect will be analysed to highlight that the setting of the play is not a random construction and to demonstrate how the playwright utilises space to shape his characters.

Another Special Relationship? The United States and Japan

Japan’s relationship with the United States is now strategically more vital than it has ever been. Yet differences in the two countries’ political cycles and cultures have often aggravated bilateral tensions. Since the Second World War, Japanese prime ministers Nakasone Yasuhiro, Koizumi Junichiro and Abe Shinzo stand out in being able to strengthen relations with the US while advancing important changes in Japan’s security debate. In all three cases, this reflected efforts by the prime ministers to build a personal rapport with their counterparts in the White House. As the 2024 US presidential election approaches, speculation is rising in Japan as to how it would manage a possible return of Donald Trump in Abe’s absence. Recent Japanese political instability is adding to these concerns.

Le Club Alpin Français et les Glénans: Nature Conservation in French Mountaineering and Water Sports Associations, 1950–1990

Sports associations have a special relationship with natural landscapes. In the second half of the twentieth century, a number of organizations positioned themselves as defenders of the natural environment against the development of tourism and sports leisure facilities. They attempted to tackle the problem of over-equipment of natural areas. This research is based on a study of two outdoor institutions, the Centre Nautique des Glénans (CNG) and the Club Alpin Français (CAF). Despite their different pasts and proposed activities, both have been involved in landscape and environmental protection throughout their history. This can be seen in the way both associations integrate their facilities into the landscape, as well as in the work they do to raise their members’ awareness of environmental preservation as part of their sporting activities.

Three sympatric host nestlings eavesdrop on cuckoo nestling distress calls.

In predator-prey interactions, the prey faces extreme challenges from predation, which drives the evolution of defense or anti-predator mechanisms. Compared with adult birds, nestlings are more vulnerable but not helpless. However, data on whether nestlings eavesdrop on the danger signals transmitted by other prey nestlings and the mechanisms of eavesdropping remain limited. In brood parasitism, common cuckoo (Cuculus canorus) nestlings, raised by host adults who are not closely related, offer an instructive system for studying the transmission and recognition of danger signals among nestlings of different species that share special relationships. We played back the distress calls of common cuckoo nestlings to nestlings of three sympatric host species (the oriental reed warbler Acrocephalus orientalis, which is a primary host of the common cuckoo, the reed parrotbill Paradoxornis heudei, an occasional host, and the vinous-throated parrotbill Sinosuthora webbiana, which is not parasitized in the study area) to investigate whether the host nestlings reduced their begging behavior. We also quantified the degree of inhibition toward begging behavior for these nestlings. The results revealed that, in response to the distress calls, the three sympatric host species markedly suppressed their begging behavior. This response can likely be attributed to the innate response of host nestlings caused by the general characteristics of distress calls, rather than the acoustic similarity and phylogenetic relationship between host nestlings and cuckoo nestlings. Furthermore, we observed that upon hearing the distress calls of cuckoo nestlings, the oriental reed warbler nestlings exhibited the greatest reduction in the total number of calls compared to the other two host species, potentially owing to stronger predation and parasitic pressures. This study suggests that host nestlings can detect danger signals emitted by parasitic nestlings; however, further investigation is needed to determine whether they can respond to distress calls from unfamiliar nestlings in different regions.

재당 고구려 유이민 출신 환관 연구

In this paper, I tried a new reading and interpretation of the Saseonui-il epitaph which has only been partially reviewed. Based on the studies, the thesis was developed after clarifying an eunuch diagonal line was a descendant of Goguryeo. First, the actual name of the Saseonui-il cemetery could not be seen, but some letters were not only newly read but also translated and annotated through various photo materials and rubbed copies. This indicates that Saseonui-il became a eunuch at a young age, and had a special relationship with several emperors while serving eight emperors. He was not a person who exercised power close to the like eunuch Wang Su-jing, an active at the same time, but he revealed that Saseonui-il must have enjoyed a position comparable to that. He also had a wife even an eunuch, and he had five sons and four daughters. All the sons were close to the political power, and four adopted daughters were married when he lived. He also lived a prosperous life and died at 65, providing a permanent resting place near Jangan. Second, when Saseonui-il died, his five sons asked Wang Sik, a scholar of the day and a secretary-general, to write the inscription, and left the writing to his mother-in-law, a prince of the time. Considering that they praised the inscription of the eunuch Saseonui-il and wrote the handwriting, it was confirmed that the influence of the sons of Saseonui-il was not small. Third, his contribution to the study of Goguryeo's refugee history significantly contributed to the study of the history of Goguryeo's refugees, as it shows the type of life of Goguryeo's refugees who moved to Tang. It must be a valuable resource for studying the history of migrants, especially as it informs the descendants of Goguryeo's refugees who were active in the imperial family even during the late Tang period. Finally, it was possible to examine in detail the life and political activities of eunuchs in the late Tang Dynasty through the name of the Saseonui-il cemetery. As a result, this study is expected to be of little help not only in Korea but also in the study of Chinese history. It is why we paid attention to the work of eunuchs, who were active in the late Tang Dynasty, along with Go Yeon-bok, a Goguryeo refugee and eunuchs who were active in the Tang Dynasty.

Learning in the Intimacy of the Guru-Disciple Relationship

Our article has two aims: first, to track the ethos of learning and the importance of the guru–disciple relationship in the Amma movement, and secondly, to explore the ways in which one Finnish disciple frames her life though this special relationship. The narrative of the disciple becomes especially interesting in that she is a long-term devotee from Finland who has a background in formal academic learning and works in a socially highly valued and demanding profession – and yet has chosen to invest a considerable amount of time and energy to spirituality and committed herself to a close and intimate guru–disciple relationship that guides her personal and work life as well as her overall understanding of learning. Our case study, drawing especially on such materials as Amma’s public discourse and one extensive individual narrative, complemented by ethnographical observations in the ashram in India, shows how pervasive the language and ethos of learning can be in a spiritual context, and what the intimacy of the teacher–student relationship may provide to highly educated individuals in contemporary largely secular Western society.

Study on the Essence of the Legal Relationship Between Universities and College Students

The legal relationship between universities and college students has been an important issue of concern in academic and judicial practice in recent years. The author believes that the essence of the relationship between universities and college students is a special legal relationship of rights and powers, which is different from strict administrative legal relationships, civil legal relationships, and is not a simple dual legal relationship. Universities should respect the status of college students as the subject of rights and safeguard their rights.

The competition between charge density wave and superconductivity in the kagome metal CsV3(Sb1-xPbx)5 single crystals

Kagome metal AV3Sb5 (A = K, Rb, Cs) has garnered considerable attention for its abundant exotic quantum phenomena and the special competitive relationship between charge density wave (CDW) and superconductivity (SC). In this work we explore the unconventional coupling between charge density wave and superconductivity by means of the substitutional doping of Pb atoms with Sb atoms. Microscopic characterization and performance tests provide valuable phase diagram information for CsV3(Sb1-xPbx)5. Upon Pb doping, a pronounced competition between the charge density wave transition temperature TCDW and the superconducting temperature Tc was observed. Analysis of changes in Debye temperature ΘD and lattice constant, it is shown that Pb doping affects atomic bonding and may strengthen the coupling between adjacent kagome layers to some extent. Furthermore, the small angular shift of the diffraction peak and increased full width at half maximum (FWHM) indicate that the doping causes crystal defects and distorts the crystal structure, which will change the charge density in the local area and may affect the superconductivity. This result further reveals a close correlation between the superconductivity of the system and the electronic structure of the kagome plane in the CsV3Sb5 system. Overall, our results suggest that the observed competition arises from the complex interplay of multiple factors.

THE DEFENCE POLICY OF DENMARK AFTER THE 2022 REFERENDUM

The article deals with the impact of the special relationship with the US on the three aspects of Danish foreign policy: the approach to the EU strategic autonomy, regional defence policy priorities, and Denmark’s readiness to escalate relations with Russia. Using the method of qualitative content analysis of Danish foreign policy strategies, Copenhagen’s current views on the alliance relations with the US are assessed, especially within the framework of Denmark’s turn towards «pragmatic idealism» in foreign policy, which Denmark announced in May 2023, and scrapping the EU defence opt-out following the outcome of the June 2022 referendum. The analysis has shown that maintaining the status of an «exemplary» or «model» ally leads both to contradictions and ignoring traditional mores within the Danish political system and the skewed priorities in financing military and non-military instruments of the Danish foreign policy. Moreover, even in Denmark’s military support of Ukraine, there is a gap between the symbolic value and practical effect of the measures taken by the Danish side. It is concluded that greater involvement in building the EU’s strategic autonomy will reduce Denmark’s interest in further escalation of the conflict in Ukraine and its readiness for rhetorical and practical confrontation with Russia. At the same time, based on open sources, the U.S. is not exerting significant pressure on Copenhagen in connection with select gaps in compliance with the sanction regime. In case D. Trump is elected as the US president in the 2024 elections, Denmark, as one of the most pro-Atlantic EU member states, will probably face the acute task of linking the course of strategic autonomy with a broader vision of the future of transatlantic relations, as well as overcoming the dilemma between the concentration of defence capablities either in the Baltic Sea or in the North Atlantic and Arctic area including Greenland and the Faroe Islands.

Tokugawa-French Economic Relations on the Eve of the Meiji Restoration

This article examines the efforts of the Tokugawa Bakufu and France to establish an economic dimension to their special relationship in the years before the Meiji Restoration. This aspect of the bilateral relationship is much less known than others, such as the French military mission to train Tokugawa troops and the construction of the Yokosuka naval dockyard. Attempts were made to give France a leading role in the sericulture trade, to establish a joint Japanese-French trading company, and to use Japanese resources as collateral for French financing of the Bakufu’s plans to reform and strengthening its military. The unstable economic situation in Europe, the opposition of rival Treaty Powers, and the sudden Meiji Restoration coup resulted in the failure of these efforts.

Strengthening Bangladesh-Russia Relations for Sustainable Development: Challenges and Opportunities

At present, Bangladesh and Russia have a special relationship. It is proven that Russia is a tested and trusted friend of Bangladesh. From the very beginning of Bangladesh as an independent and sovereign state, Russia has always stood by its welfare and development. Establishing diplomatic ties since 1972, bilateral relations have not always been smooth due to a lack of political will, particularly during the martial law regime. There are many potential areas of cooperation that could prosper together if both friendly countries utilize them. This paper identifies several potential areas of mutual cooperation and argues that to attain sustainable development, Bangladesh-Russia relations need to be strengthened more and more. This study explores the potential areas through various channels for greater interest, friendship, and opening up a new era in bilateral issues. The study also looks into the challenges and opportunities for the Bangladesh-Russia economic partnership. It investigates issues related to trade barriers, infrastructure development, and energy cooperation. Additionally, this study examines the impact of political and diplomatic factors on the economic relationship between Bangladesh and Russia. The study is based on a combination of primary and secondary sources, including surveys with key stakeholders, economic data analysis, and a review of relevant literature.

Auditor rotation impact on auditor independence and its implication on auditor performance

This study aims to determine how much auditor rotation affect auditor independence and its implications for auditor performance. The method used in this study are descriptive and verification methods with path analysis, data processed using the SPSS program. The results of this study indicate Auditor Rotation Affect Auditor Independence and Auditor Independence Has Implications for Auditor Performance, with the reason, if the auditor rotation is carried out consistently, the level of auditor independence is high so that the auditor's performance is optimal.. The higher the independence, the better the auditor's performance. People are increasingly trusting to use the services of a public accounting firm. Independence is the backbone of the auditor's profession, auditor rotation in many countries is important to implement such as in Jordan, Libya and other developing countries. Auditor performance is a tool to measure auditor performance, which begins with instilling attitudes that are not controlled by other parties, one of which is through audit0r rotation, auditor rotation is needed as a basis to prevent a special relationship between management and the auditor as a result of long assignments.

Australia‐ASEAN relations: A special relationship

Australia‐ASEAN relations: A special relationship