Special Reference Research Articles

Green Products and Electronic Word of Mouth: A Study Special Reference with Significance of Environmental Concern, Knowledge and Consciousness

The report as decorated in the literature, In the contemporary setting, green products that are produced in an ecologically responsible manner are getting greater attention. The cause of the concentration of people around these items because of environmental interests such as conserving water; protecting natural resources and health consciousness. The present study aims to investigate the electronic word of mouth (e-wom) and green products purchasing connection, the study also looks into the relationship that is not direct through the attitude towards environmental concern, environmental knowledge, and environmental consciousness. The think comprises of 235 customers as respondents. The female respondents are a larger part of this inquiry. The ages of those overviewed were underneath 25 a long time to over 55 a long time. Headed To gauge e-wom influence, five indicators and to assess attitude towards environmental concern, environmental knowledge, and environmental consciousness eight indicators have been used. Respondents were asked to consider and provide details about the green items they had purchased in the previous months to gauge the regularity of their purchases. Additionally, the possibility of buying green items is indicated by the assessment of purchasing willingness for green products. According to the study, e-wom has a direct impact on Green product Purchasing, and also indirectly through environmental concern, environmental knowledge, and environmental consciousness.

Investment Pattern and Behaviour of Rural Households on Investment Avenues with Special Reference to Ernakulam District

Two-thirds (67.63% of the total population) of the people in rural India live there and contribute one-third of the country's GDP1. One of the most significant areas that increases gross domestic savings is the household sector. The main objective of the study is to understand rural household savings and investment behaviour that is influenced by a number of factors including years of age, schooling, financial status, and occupation. According to the study, the majority of respondents have lower earning potential, and even those who did earn more only set aside a little fraction of their income for savings. In India, there are numerous investment opportunities and there are advantages and disadvantages to any investment strategy. Making the best investment decisions will meet the various demands of different people requires having a thorough understanding of these investing options. This paper projects various investment options and the level of household awareness in rural areas areas. The study utilized a meticulously designed questionnaire to explore the investment preferences and awareness levels of rural investors. The primary aim was to gain insights into their preferred investment avenues and their level of understanding regarding various investment options. For data analysis, simple percentages were employed to summarize the findings, and the chi-square test was used to assess relationships between categorical variables. 300 rural households selected as sample size from Ernakulam District through convenience sampling method.

The Relevance of the Passing of Time in Criminal Law, with Special Reference to Due Process

The requirement for the conclusion of criminal proceedings within a reasonable time appears as a component of the right to a fair trial in international human rights documents as well as among the national fundamental rights. The passage of time and the prolongation of criminal proceedings are considered by courts as mitigating factors during sentencing. However, taking these factors into account as mitigating circumstances is not unproblematic, as there is no objective point in time after which one can definitively state that the criminal authorities violated the requirement for adjudication within a reasonable time. In my study, I am investigating the criteria by which the European Court of Human Rights (ECHR) examines compliance with the requirement of reasonable time and how the prolongation of proceedings is treated as a mitigating factor in Hungarian judicial practice.

Fisheries in Himachal Pradesh- Economic and Environmental Implications with special reference to the Pong Reservoir

Fisheries in Himachal Pradesh- Economic and Environmental Implications with special reference to the Pong Reservoir

The Socio-Cultural Impact of Rural Tourism in India: A Regional Analysis with Special Reference to Kerala in the Context of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)

The Socio-Cultural Impact of Rural Tourism in India: A Regional Analysis with Special Reference to Kerala in the Context of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)

An Empirical Study on Fake News Menace and Misinformation with Special Reference to India

Fake news are the news, cooked up stories or hoaxes that are created to deliberately misinform or deceive the consumers/readers. Usually, these stories are created to either influence people’s views, push a political agenda or cause confusion and it's a profitable business for online publishers in most cases. Fake news has been in existence from the beginning of the printing press but in the age of the internet and social media, it has found a tremendous application. Fighting against fake news menace is of importance concerning the platforms like Facebook, Google, the news media, the government and an informed citizenry. The objective of the study is to understand the Motivation behind the creation of fake news and it’s financial gain and to study the concept and nature of the creation of fake news. The independent variables are Age, gender, educational qualification and occupation. The dependent variables are Whether the motivation to create fake news include financial gain and agreeability towards that fake news is any information that is deliberately meant to be wholly or largely false or misleading. The Sample Size collected is 204 responses. The results observed from the analysis is that The respondents working in public sectors between the age of 37-60 years have agreed that the motivation behind the creation of fake news includes financial gain than the respondents between the age of 37-60 years who own businesses. Thus, the paper suggests that Quality in journalism is the solution to curb fake news and money's the motivation behind the creation of fake news, the journalists are also ought to have the responsibility of not creating fake news and media hoaxes just for the views instead must focus genuine news and earn people's belief. The author in this paper concludes that fake news menace is a global issue and has to be controlled and monitored by the government

An Analysis of Delivery Care and Maternal health Performance of Empowered Action Groups (EAG) states of India: with special reference to NFHS 4 & 5

EAGs states (Bihar, Jharkhand, Uttar Pradesh, Uttarakhand, Madhya Pradesh, Chhattisgarh, Rajasthan, and Odisha) were selected for special attention due to their lower socioeconomic and health indicators, particularly maternal and child health. This study contains 16 indicators related to delivery and maternity care. The study aims to describes the Maternal health and Delivery Care Performance of EAG states of India with the help of Composite Z- Score on the basis of NFHS 4 & 5. The maternal and delivery care status of India's Empowered Action Group (EAG) states demonstrates substantial health concerns, nevertheless there has been gradual improvement during the study period 2015-16 & 2019-20 (NFHS 4 & 5).

A Systematic Literature Review on Ichthyofaunal Diversity in Fresh Water Ecosystem, with Special Reference to Maharashtra

The study highlights a review of ichthyofaunal diversity across major rivers in Maharashtra such as the Godavari, Krishna, Tapti, Bhima, and Wainganga etc. Secondary data from various sources, research publications, were analysed. River Godavari had the most studied River. The scope of fish and fisheries in Maharashtra holds significant economic importance, particularly for local livelihoods and food security. Freshwater fish diversity in the state, as studied between 2009 and 2024, The current study deals with the freshwater ichthyofauna recorded and confirmed by different author shows a rich variety with 160 species recorded, spanning 9 orders, 25 families, and 80 genera. The most dominant order was Cypriniform followed by Siluridae. This diversity not only supports the fishing communities but also plays a critical role in meeting the demand for fish, which is a key source of protein for consumers. The review of this data provides valuable insights for fishermen. It also aids the fish industry by offering guidance on sustainable practices, as overfishing and habitat destruction can threaten these species.

Immigrant Parents' Knowledge and Attitudes: Sociodemographic Variation Related to Restriction of Children's Sugar Intake.

Focusing on immigrant parents with children aged 0-6 months, this study assessed whether awareness of and attitudes towards restricting children's sugar consumption vary according to family sociodemographic background and parents' oral-health-related behaviours. A cross-sectional study was conducted including immigrant parents attending child public health centers for vaccination of their children. The study included parents born in Asia, Africa, South America, Central America and Eastern Europe. Parents from Western Europe and North America were included if they were partners of the above-mentioned participants. Cross-tabulation and multiple variable logistic regression were used to assess associations of parental knowledge and attitudes with their child's sugar intake and sociodemographic characteristics. Overall, response rate was 72.6%. A total of 345 parents completed personal, structured interviews during their visit to the health centers. Attitudes and knowledge, but not indulgence, related to children's sugar restriction were sociodemographically unequally distributed among immigrant parents. Employed mothers, mothers with immigrant background from North America or Western Europe as well as parents with less frequent own sugar intake were more likely to confirm positive attitudes towards restricting children's sugar snacking. The corresponding odds ratios were OR=1.8 (95% CI 1.1-3.1) and OR=6.6 (95% CI 2.3-18.9). Employed mothers and parents having received dental care information were more likely than their counterparts to possess good oral-health-related knowledge. Parents from sociodemographically disadvantaged backgrounds were less inclined to express positive attitudes and demonstrate sufficient knowledge regarding the limitation of their children's sugar snacking. Culturally adapted oral health intervention programs should be implemented for immigrants, with special reference to children's dietary habits.

Spectrum of Gastric Carcinoma in a Tertiary Care Centre with Special Reference to PDL1 and Cyciln D1

Introduction: Gastric carcinoma is the fifth most frequently diagnosed tumor and the fourth leading cause of death. They represent a heterogenous group of tumors with multifactorial etiologies, both environmental and genetic. PD-L1 is a transmembrane protein, and a positive PD-L1 expression in gastric carcinoma may be a predictive biomarker of the response to PD-1/PD-L1 immune checkpoint inhibitors. Cyclin D1 is an important cell cycle regulatory protein and involved in the carcinogenesis of various cancers including gastric cancer. Aims: The aim of this study is to find out the clinicopathological spectrum of gastric carcinoma and to show the immunohistochemical expression of Cyclin D1 and PD-L1 to evaluate their prognostic importance and their therapeutic impact. Study Design: It is an observational cross-sectional study conducted in the Department of Pathology in collaboration with the Department of Surgery, in a tertiary care hospital. Partial and total gastrectomies were selected from January 2021 to July 2022 in a tertiary care hospital. Clinical history was collected in the study proforma. Immunohistochemical staining for Cyclin D1 and PD-L1 was performed. Material and Methods: The clinicopathological parameters like age, gender, histological type, regional lymph node status, lymphovascular invasion, perineural invasion, and pathological stage were compared and correlated with Cyclin D1 and PD-L1 expression. Results: Positive Cyclin D1 and PDL1 expression were found in 50% and 70% cases of gastric carcinoma, respectively. Cyclin D1 expression showed statistically significant correlation with anemia, regional lymph node status, and lymphovascular invasion. PD-L1 and Cyclin D1 expression showed statistically significant association between them (p value-0.0006). Conclusion: Cyclin D1 and PDL1 are important biomarkers in gastric carcinoma. Their contribution towards prediction of progression and prognosis, along with newer therapeutic modalities, is of immense importace in these patients. A statistically significant correlation was found between these two markers.

Impact of Personal and Socio-Economic Factors on the Entrepreneurial Intention Among the Differently Abled Young Crowd with Special Reference to Kurunegala District, Sri Lanka

Intention for entrepreneurship has received considerable attention unquestionably, as it has a substantial positive personal, economic, and social impact in responding to unemployment in developing countries. Sri Lanka is a country that appreciates democracy; even though all related to the age limit of 15-29 years should be included in the employment rates without discrimination, the contribution of people with impairments has reached a significant minimum level in Sri Lanka. This study examines the impact of personal and socioeconomic factors on the entrepreneurial intention of the differently abled young crowd in Sri Lanka. The explanatory research method was used on 134 differentlyabled youngers from the Kurunegala district using the convenience sampling technique. The data was collected using a self-administrated questionnaire and analyzed using Pearson's correlation and multiple regression analysis to test the hypotheses. The results highlighted that self-efficacy, self-employment, the role of family support, entrepreneurial education, and skill development significantly positively impact entrepreneurial intention. The practical value of this research holds significance for scholars and governmental and non-governmental decision-makers, as it encourages entrepreneurial endeavors among differently abled youngers.

Three-Dimensional Numerical Modeling of Train-Induced Vibration with Special References to Track Irregularities and Soil Stiffness

Three-Dimensional Numerical Modeling of Train-Induced Vibration with Special References to Track Irregularities and Soil Stiffness

Thyroid hormones in female and male reproduction with special reference to dogs and cats

Thyroid hormones have an important function in numerous physiological processes in humans and animals, including the regulation of metabolism, growth and development of individual and reproductive function. The thyroid hormones, triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4), have a direct effect on the reproductive organs and an indirect effect in interaction with other hormones. Thyroid hormones influence the reproductive system by regulating metabolism and tissue development of the ovaries, uterus and placenta. Changes in the serum concentrations of T3 and T4 lead to disturbances in overall body function. Thyroid dysfunction, including hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism, can lead to significant reproductive problems. The aim of this review was to describe the functions of thyroid hormones and the effects of hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism on the animal reproductive system. Hypothyroidism is often caused by autoimmune diseases such as lymphocytic thyroiditis, and is associated with later puberty, reduced fertility and abnormalities in reproductive organ development. Hypothyroidism can lead to a prolonged interval, absent cycles, silent oestrus cycles, prolonged oestrus bleeding, and a lack of libido, with the occurrence of infertility, miscarriages, stillbirths and mummified foetuses. In males, hypothyroidism leads to a decrease in libido, semen quality, ejaculate volume, testicular atrophy, hypospermia and azoospermia. Hyperthyroidism, on the other hand, is usually the result of thyroid cancer, which produces excessive amounts of thyroid hormones. Increased concentrations of thyroid hormones lead to disturbances in the physiological balance of reproductive hormones, irregular oestrus cycles, anovulation and reduced fertility, as well as a decrease in the weight of the ovaries and the number of healthy follicles, with a simultaneous increase in the number of atretting follicles. The effects of hyperthyroidism on male fertility include disorders of spermatogenesis, changes in sex hormone levels and changes in sperm quality, such as hypospermia, oligozoospermia, asthenozoospermia and teratozoospermia. It is important to diagnose and treat thyroid disorders in time in order to prevent negative effects on fertility and reproduction in animals.

MANTRACHIKITSA: FACTS AS MENTIONED IN THE AYURVEDIC CLASSICS

Mantra, indicates chanting of some prescribed verses for designated purposes, is a controversial but interesting and important topic. Scientific validation of mantra is difficult to establish due to the factors like – difficulty in (1) understanding the meaning of the verses, (2) understanding the mode of action, (3) understanding the effect scientifically etc. But traditional experience and classical references strongly support the use and efficacy of Mantra in different references. A number of researches are also already conducted in different levels with the aim to understand it scientifically. In the Ayurvedic classics a number of indications and benefits of Mantra are mentioned in different references like Vishachikitsa (in snakebite mentioned with top priority), Grahachikitsa (conditions that occur due to effect of some unseen, unundentifiable aetiologies etc.). The Ayurvedic scholars have discussed in detail about mantra with special reference to method of learning, practising etc. As a widely discussed noninvasive treatment procedure that is getting topmost priority in a condition like snakebite (a very dangerous and usually fatal poisoning) a discussion on Mantra basing upon the Ayurvedic classics is considered to be informative and thought provoking for the scientific forum.

A study on work life balance with special reference to Tumkur city

A study on work life balance with special reference to Tumkur city

Clinical profile of lung cancer in Southern India with special reference to initial presentation and acceptance of treatment: A single-center study

Clinical profile of lung cancer in Southern India with special reference to initial presentation and acceptance of treatment: A single-center study

Postpartum morbidity and its determinants with special reference to anemia among urban vulnerable population in Uttar Pradesh: A cross-sectional study

ABSTRACT Background: The postpartum period is critically important for comprehensive obstetric care; however, most women are neglected during this important period. Objective: This study was carried out to determine the burden of postpartum morbidities and associated factors among the urban vulnerable population in Gautam Buddha district, Uttar Pradesh. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 150 postpartum women in urban slums of Gautam Buddha district. A semi-structured questionnaire was used along with a physical examination and assessment of anemia by Sahli’s hemoglobinometer. Results: A total of 106 (70.7%) mothers reported at least one of the postpartum morbidities (PPMs). The most frequently reported morbidity was anemia (55.3%) followed by backache (29.3%). Almost a third (39, 36.8%) of all women, who suffered from PPM, did not seek any treatment for the same. Univariate analysis revealed that morbidities were higher among women with low literacy (Odds Ratio, OR: 5.63, 95% CI: 2.508–13.54, p = 0.000), low socioeconomic status (OR: 0.317, 95% CI: 0.151–0.657, p = 0.002), and inadequate antenatal care (OR: 0.108, 95% CI: 0.044–0.246, p = 0.0001). Similarly, young mothers (OR: 2.599, 95% CI: 1.332–5.14), less educated (OR = 3.603, 95% CI: 1.838–7.203, p = 0.000), those from lower economic status (OR: 0.247, 95% CI: 0.119–0.497, p = 0.001), with inadequate antenatal care (OR: 0.112, 95% CI: 0.052–0.232, p = 0.005), and low iron folic acid intake (OR: 0.371, 95% CI: 0.184–0.732, p = 0.004) showed higher prevalence of anemia. Conclusion: The role of education and adequate antenatal care are highlighted in the study. Antenatal visits should be utilized as opportunities to increase awareness regarding various aspects of care during the postnatal period. Maintaining more comprehensive support and involvement between health care providers and the mothers is needed to prevent many of these postpartum morbidities.

Modeling water table depth fluctuation with special reference to iran: the singular spectrum analysis approach

Modeling water table depth fluctuation with special reference to iran: the singular spectrum analysis approach

Contrastive Learning for Morphological Disambiguation Using Large Language Models in Low-Resource Settings

In this paper, a contrastive learning approach for morphological disambiguation (MD) using large language models (LLMs) is presented. A contrastive loss function is introduced for training the approach, which reduces the distance between the correct analysis and contextual embeddings while maintaining a margin between correct and incorrect embeddings. One of the aims of the paper is to analyze the effects of fine-tuning an LLM on MD in morphologically complex languages (MCLs) with special reference to low-resource languages such as Kazakh, as well as Turkish. Another goal of the paper is to consider various distance measures for this contrastive loss function, aiming to achieve better results when performing disambiguation by computing the distance between the context and the analysis embeddings. The existing approaches for morphological disambiguation, such as HMM-based and feature-engineering approaches, have limitations in modeling long-term dependencies and in the case of large, sparse tagsets. These challenges are mitigated in the proposed approach by leveraging LLMs, thus achieving better accuracy in handling the cases of ambiguity and OOV tokens without the need to rely on other features. Experiments were conducted on three datasets for two MCLs, Kazakh and Turkish—the former is a typical low-resource language. The results revealed that the proposed approach with contrastive loss improves MD performance when integrated with knowledge from large language models.

Perceived Occupational Stress among Male and Female Teachers Working in +2 Private Schools in Darbhanga District, India

The present study was aimed at studying the perceived occupational stress among male and female teachers working in +2 private schools with special reference to Darbhanga district, India. It is undoubtedly fact that in recent years our private educator’s organizations and other groups have sought to improve the public image of the teaching occupation so as to attract more people in to the occupation. Hence, the present piece of research work is of immense value on the problem mentioned above. For the present investigation, total sample consisted of one hundred sixty (N=160) comprising male (n=80) and female (n=80) teachers working in +2 Private Schools were randomly selected from different private schools of Darbhanga district. Data were collected through questionnaire schedules on the sample. Having obtained the data on the items of the schedules, individual scores were summed up and tabulated according to procedure of the scales for giving statistical treatment. Results indicated the fact that there is a significant difference between male and female teachers working in +2 private Schools of Darbhanga district in their degree of perceived reactions on occupational stress as t-value has been found statistically significant at .05 but all the teachers reported more or less moderate level of occupational stress. On the other hand, no significant difference has been found between the groups of males and females in terms of their degree of the dimensions of occupational stress, viz. unreasonable groups and political pressures, under participation, intrinsic impoverishment, low status, and unprofitability. although few dimensions of occupational stress out of twelve dimensions viz., role overload, role ambiguity, responsibility for persons, poor peer relations and strenuous working conditions have been found as the predictors between male and female teachers as these dimensions has been found statistically significant at .01 and ,05 level of confidence although both ...