Special Protective Clothing Research Articles

Development of elements of special protective clothing on the principles of transformation

This paper proposes an approach to the systematization of the types of elements based on the principles of transformation in special protective clothing on function. Developed new design and technological solutions such elements with the possibility of forecasting the expansion of their range.

One‐step Electro‐spinning/netting Technique for Controllably Preparing Polyurethane Nano‐fiber/net

Electro-spinning/netting (ESN) as a cutting-edge technique evokes much interest because of its ability in the one-step preparation of versatile nano-fiber/net (NFN) membranes. Here, a controllable fabrication of polyurethane (PU) NFN membranes with attractive structures, consisting of common electrospun nanofibers and two-dimensional (2D) soap bubble-like structured nano-nets via an ESN process is reported. The unique nanoscaled NFN architecture can be finely controlled by regulating the solution properties and several ESN process parameters. The versatile PU nano-nets comprising interlinked nanowires with ultrathin diameters (5-40 nm) mean that the NFN structured membranes possess several excellent characteristics, such as an extremely large specific surface area, high porosity and large stacking density, which would be particularly useful for applications in ultrafiltration, special protective clothing, ultrasensitive sensors, catalyst support and so on.

The Optimised Technological Parameters for Electrospun PMIA Nano-Scale Fibers

Poly（m-phenyleneisophthalamide）(PMIA) has been widely applied in special protective clothing, high temperature filter materials, electrical insulating materials and honeycomb structure wainscoting materials, etc. for its excellent properties. Most of the studies focused on micron fibers at present, however, there were little researches on PMIA nanofibers obtained by electrospinning. PMIA solution was prepared by putting it into the LiCl/DMAc solvent systems and subsequently heating it. Consequently the effect of temperatures on the solubility, the viscosity and conductivity were analysed. PMIA nanofiber mats were obtained by electrospinning. Morphologies and diameter distributions in different electrospinning processes were studied. The processing parameters included spinning solution concentration, voltage, collecting spinning distance (C-SD). Finally the optimized parameters were achieved as follows: dissolve temperature 90°C, spinning solution concentration 12wt%, high voltage 23 kv, C-SD 11 cm.

Protective Clothing in the Chemical Industries

THE value of protective clothing for workers in the chemical industries is steadily winning wider recognition in Britain, and a number of government regulations and welfare orders are in force which make compulsory the wearing of special protective clothing in many branches of the chemical industry. In addition to these compulsory measures, where special risks are encountered, advice can be sought from H. M. Inspector of Factories and examples of different types of protective clothing may be seen at a special industrial museum controlled by the Home Office. The Home Office has recently issued a welfare pamphlet summarizing its recommendations for protective clothing, in which it is pointed out that, while the protective efficiency of the clothing selected must be the first consideration, the comfort of the wearer is of great importance. Often, after expensive protective clothing has been provided, complaints are made that the workers will not wear it. In many cases a well-founded ...

Risks Caused by Airborne Microbes in Hospitals - Source Control is Important

Effective source control is the key issue in all matters concerning hygiene and hospitals are by no means an exception. Besides taking steps to provide good isolation, this means that local ventilation exhausts and isolating enclosures should be used if there are obvious or even probable sources. Quick repair of moisture damage from whatever source is important. The control of microbes dispersed by the personnel in a hospital is also controlled most effectively by wearing special protective clothing and restricting it to the environment where it is needed. Even though it is generally admitted by the medical professionals that prevention is highly cost-effective, this is, nevertheless, commonly forgotten in hospitals.

Monitoring the urine of pesticide applicators in California for residues of chlordimeform and its metabolites 1982–1985

Chlordimeform (Cdf) is readily absorbed through the skin of pesticide applicators. It also enters the body when breathed into the lungs. Cdf can be found in the urine of workers who handle or are involved in applying pesticide products which contain the chemical, even when they are wearing special protective clothing and respirators. Because of the adverse health effects seen in heavily exposed workers and the cancerous tumors seen in mice, special precautions are necessary when handling products containing Cdf to reduce the risk of adverse health effects. Because Cdf is known to enter the body very easily, with serious injury potential, workers handling pesticide products containing Cdf in California are required to have medical supervision including a blood test at the beginning and end of each application season and monthly testing of urine for possible cellular change and pesticide residues during the time Cdf exposure takes place. This program is designed to keep worker exposure as low as possible.

Labor Standards and War Production

M AXIMUM production for war cannot be achieved unless full consideration is given to the conditions under which the human factor in industry functions best. Sound labor standards were never more important than now if we are to maintain health and efficiency at a high level and to reduce to the lowest possible point time lost because of accidents, illness, strikes, and voluntary absenteeism. Flexibility in standards is needed, in order to overcome certain bottlenecks, in order to utilize substitute materials in place of scarce materials for safeguards, in order to use to the full the best capacities of every worker and potential worker. But there should be no relaxation of vigilance against -the known causes of lost time, fatigue, or inefficiency. We need to remind ourselves constantly of those standards which experience has shown contribute to increasing the output of both men and women-such things as safety and industrial hygiene standards, good lighting and ventilation of work places, rest periods, time and facilities for hot, nourishing meals, smoothly functioning collective bargaining and grievance procedures, proper hours schedules, and one day of rest in seven. Because of the large numbers of new workers, especially women and minors, who are being trained and inducted into industry, and because of the many novel hazards associated withwar industries -arising from the materials worked on, the processes, the machinery, and the urge for speed-special safeguards are often needed. Where women are to be employed for the first time, management must make provision for seating and rest rooms, for special protective clothing, and for special devices to prevent the necessity for women to lift heavy weights, and for hygienic measures to guard against such obvious dangers as lead poisoning to which women are particularly susceptible. Unless each establishment engaged in war production strives for the best possible working conditions, our flow of tanks, guns, ships, planes, and ammunition will be halting and uneven and will fall short of our potentialities. High labor turnover and waste in many forms will creep in. This we know from the peacetime experience of innumerable firms, from experience in the last war, and from the unfortunate results of too intensive production efforts in the summer of 1940 in England. What is needed is a generally accepted code of labor standards covering all phases of working conditions and employment. A significant step towards such a policy has recently been taken in respect to one phase-hours of work.