Special Processing Unit Research Articles

Language and Mind Relation to Bipolar People: Use of Language in a Bipolar Person

Language is defined as a series of sounds that have certain meanings. A series of sounds or commonly called words that describe a concept. The sound symbol in a mind has a relationship between one another. These words are used in a structured system. Although the words used are in accordance with the agreement between language users, if the relationship between words is not structured or not structured, then an interaction process will not work well. The human mind generally always seeks and tries to obtain truth. Therefore, the mind is a process. In the process of thinking, the mind must be considered to get a logical mind. The human mind can be affected by the word used. Humans interact with their environment and the messages conveyed to humans enter into special processing units, and in these units the messages compete with other messages. This study aims to describe the use of language commonly used by a person with bipolar disorder in daily life and when the disease recurs. This research is a qualitative descriptive study. The data collection method used is listening and taking notes. Edward Sapir and Benjamin Worf said that language not only acts as a mechanism for ongoing communication, but as a guide towards social reality. From the data that has been obtained then the results will be described the purpose of using the language and the relation between language and mind.

Rubus: A compiler for seamless and extensible parallelism

Nowadays, a typical processor may have multiple processing cores on a single chip. Furthermore, a special purpose processing unit called Graphic Processing Unit (GPU), originally designed for 2D/3D games, is now available for general purpose use in computers and mobile devices. However, the traditional programming languages which were designed to work with machines having single core CPUs, cannot utilize the parallelism available on multi-core processors efficiently. Therefore, to exploit the extraordinary processing power of multi-core processors, researchers are working on new tools and techniques to facilitate parallel programming. To this end, languages like CUDA and OpenCL have been introduced, which can be used to write code with parallelism. The main shortcoming of these languages is that programmer needs to specify all the complex details manually in order to parallelize the code across multiple cores. Therefore, the code written in these languages is difficult to understand, debug and maintain. Furthermore, to parallelize legacy code can require rewriting a significant portion of code in CUDA or OpenCL, which can consume significant time and resources. Thus, the amount of parallelism achieved is proportional to the skills of the programmer and the time spent in code optimizations. This paper proposes a new open source compiler, Rubus, to achieve seamless parallelism. The Rubus compiler relieves the programmer from manually specifying the low-level details. It analyses and transforms a sequential program into a parallel program automatically, without any user intervention. This achieves massive speedup and better utilization of the underlying hardware without a programmer’s expertise in parallel programming. For five different benchmarks, on average a speedup of 34.54 times has been achieved by Rubus as compared to Java on a basic GPU having only 96 cores. Whereas, for a matrix multiplication benchmark the average execution speedup of 84 times has been achieved by Rubus on the same GPU. Moreover, Rubus achieves this performance without drastically increasing the memory footprint of a program.

Features extraction and multi-classification of sEMG using a GPU-Accelerated GA/MLP hybrid algorithm.

Surface electromyography (sEMG) signal is the combined effect of superficial muscle EMG and neural electrical activity. In recent years, researchers did large amount of human-machine system studies by using the physiological signals as control signals. To develop and test a new multi-classification method to improve performance of analyzing sEMG signals based on public sEMG dataset. First, ten features were selected as candidate features. Second, a genetic algorithm (GA) was applied to select representative features from the initial ten candidates. Third, a multi-layer perceptron (MLP) classifier was trained by the selected optimal features. Last, the trained classifier was used to predict the classes of sEMG signals. A special graphics processing unit (GPU) was used to speed up the learning process. Experimental results show that the classification accuracy of the new method reached higher than 90%. Comparing to other previously reported results, using the new method yielded higher performance. The proposed features selection method is effective and the classification result is accurate. In addition, our method could have practical application value in medical prosthetics and the potential to improve robustness of myoelectric pattern recognition.

視線によるマウス操作補助システム

We have developed an eye-gaze input system for people with severe physical disabilities, such as amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) patients. This system utilizes a personal computer and a home video camera to detect eye-gaze under natural light. The system detects both vertical and horizontal eye-gaze by simple image analysis, and does not require special image processing units or sensors. Our conventional eye-gaze input system can detect horizontal eye-gaze with a high degree of accuracy. However, it can only classify vertical eye-gaze into 3 directions (up, middle and down). In this paper, we propose a new method for vertical eye-gaze detection. This method utilizes the limbus tracking method for vertical eye-gaze detection. Therefore our new eye-gaze input system can detect the two-dimension coordinates of user's gazing point. By using this method, we develop a new support system for mouse operation. This system can move the mouse cursor to user's gazing point.

A system for Web browsing by eye‐gaze input

AbstractWe have developed an eye‐gaze input system for people with severe physical disabilities, such as amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) patients. This system utilizes a personal computer and a home video camera to detect eye‐gaze under natural light. The system detects both vertical and horizontal eye‐gaze by simple image analysis, and does not require special image processing units or sensors. We also developed the platform for eye‐gaze input based on our system.In this paper, we propose a new Web browsing system for physically disabled computer users as an application of the platform for eye‐gaze input. The proposed Web browsing system uses a method of direct indicator selection. The method categorizes indicators by their function. These indicators are hierarchized relations; users can select the felicitous function by switching indicators group. This system also analyzes the location of selectable objects on Web pages, such as hyperlink, radio button, edit box, etc. This system stores the locations of these objects, in other words, the mouse cursor skips to the object of candidate input. Therefore, it enables Web browsing at a faster pace. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electron Comm Jpn, 91(5): 11– 18, 2008; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/ecj.10110

A Web Browsing System by Eye-gaze Input

We have developed an eye-gaze input system for people with severe physical disabilities, such as amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) patients. This system utilizes a personal computer and a home video camera to detect eye-gaze under natural light. The system detects both vertical and horizontal eye-gaze by simple image analysis, and does not require special image processing units or sensors. We also developed the platform for eye-gaze input based on our system.In this paper, we propose a new web browsing system for physically disabled computer users as an application of the platform for eye-gaze input. The proposed web browsing system uses a method of direct indicator selection. The method categorizes indicators by their function. These indicators are hierarchized relations; users can select the felicitous function by switching indicators group. This system also analyzes the location of selectable object on web page, such as hyperlink, radio button, edit box, etc. This system stores the locations of these objects, in other words, the mouse cursor skips to the object of candidate input. Therefore it enables web browsing at a faster pace.

視線による重度肢体不自由者向けコンピュータ操作支援システム

We present an eye-gaze input system for people with severe physical disabilities, such as those caused by amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. This system uses a personal computer and a home video camera to detect eye-gaze under natural light. The system detects both vertical and horizontal eye-gaze using simple image analysis, and does not require special image processing units or sensors. We propose an operation support system for physically disabled computer users as an application of the eye-gaze input system. Our new computer operation support system uses a direct selection method by switching indicator groups. This system enables the input of Japanese text (both kana and kanji), alphabets, and symbols at a faster pace. In addition, users can access all Windows operations using the system, thereby enabling many commercially produced software applications to be operated by eye-gaze.

自然光下における画像解析を用いた多指標視線入力システム

Many systems to aid communication have been developed for seriously physically handicapped people such as ALS patients. The eye-gaze input system is currently being evaluated as a novel interface; it can be used to operate a computer with eye movement only. Most conventional eye-gaze input systems use of an infrared ray on the eyes to detect eye-gaze. However, prolonged irradiation could damage the eyes. This paper proposes a new eye-gaze input system with multi-indicators utilizing a personal computer and a home video camera to detect eye-gaze under natural light. It detects both vertical and horizontal eye-gaze through simple image analysis, and does not require special image processing units or sensors. It also compensates for measurement errors caused by head movement, i.e., it can detect eye-gaze with a high degree of accuracy. Therefore, it is capable distinguishing many indicators and its applications are expected to be expanded.

A video digital signal processor with a vector-pipeline architecture

A 2-GOPS, 60-MIPS DSP with a new vector-pipeline architecture (VDSP: vector digital signal processor) has been developed for video CODEC systems, using 0.8- mu m CMOS technology. The VDSP is programmable and can be adapted to handle various standards for video coding, such as those of CCITT H.261, MPEG (Moving Picture Experts Group), and JPEG (Joint Photographic Experts Group). It also contains a discrete cosine transform (DCT) core as one of the special processing units used to enhance performance. The 12.38-mm*12.90-mm VDSP, which consists of approximately 930 K transistors, operates at a maximum clock rate of 60 MHz. The encoder and the decoder specified in CCITT H.261 (full-CIF mode at 15 frames/s or more, 64 kb/s) can be realized with only two VDSP chips and only one VDSP chip, respectively.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>

A special function unit for database operations (SFU-DB): design and performance evaluation

The design and analysis of a special function unit for database operations (SFU-DB) that uses a novel hardware sorting module, the automatic retrieval memory (ARM), are described. The SFU-DB is a functionally independent unit that efficiently performs certain nonnumeric operations. It can function as a coprocessor for a host CPU or as a special processing unit in a highly parallel processing system. The ARM implements in hardware a true distribution-based sort algorithm that requires no comparison operations. Without performing any comparison, the SFU-DB avoids the lower bound constraint on comparison-based sorting algorithms and achieves, for the worst case, a complexity of O(n) for both execution time and main memory size. Using the fundamental sort algorithm with slight modifications. the SFU-DB also uses the ARM as an engine for other primitive database operations such as relational join, elimination of duplicates, set union, set intersection, and set difference, also with complexity of O(n). The SFU-DB/ARM architecture is rather simple and requires only a modest amount of specialized hardware. The specialized hardware has been designed and simulated for fabrication using CMOS gate arrays, and the remainder of the SFU-DB has been simulated in software using Turbo Pascal running on an IBM-PC.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>

ASTOR - An architecture of special purpose processing units with distributed control and message passing

The Augsburg STructure ORiented computer architecture ASTOR describes the architecture of an asynchronous multiprocessor system at an abstract level independent from today's hardware components. It consists of various special purpose processing units, working in parallel with decentralised control and communicating via message passing. Strict divisions are defined between code storage and data storage, code handling and data handling, access and execution of code objects, access and transformation of data objects, static code objects (created during compilation) and dynamic code objects (generated during the execution of a program). Different special purpose processing units are used for the execution of program flow control constructs which are typical for imperative high-level programming languages - call, loop and choice constructs - and a new program flow control construct - named dependency -, which allows to specify parallel execution of machine instructions by some sort of Petri net. The program structure of module-based languages is reflected in the storage structures. The machine code is reentrant (except for monitor modules). Descriptor indices are used instead of storage addresses to bind, for example, data objects to code objects.

Un dispositif experimental utilisant des ballons plafonnants pour l'etude de la couche limite atmospherique

This paper presents a new system of constant volume balloons used to study the dynamical and thermodynamical properties of the tropospheric boundary layer. The system allows to simultaneously localize up to 30 balloons and to observe thermodynamical characteristics of the air during their flight inside the boundary layer. Each balloon is equipped with a radar reflector and a sounding system giving information each second on pressure, humidity and temperature by sequential emissions which are received at a ground station. The trajectories of balloons are obtained by a non-tracking S-band radar where a special hardware processing unit allows to real time cancellation of most ground clutter. A complete set of the balloons positions is obtained every two or three minutes. The system was tested in October 1984 during a field experiment in the south of France. Results of the experimental procedure and of the quality of the balloon, radar and sounding capabilities are given. The scientific use of constant volume balloons in order to study the atmospheric boundary layer is examined.

THE EVOLUTION OF A RETROCONVERSION

Edinburgh University Library is a classic example of distributed data, distributed processing, and distributed service, until 1982 all in manual form. It is dispersed, with the University, over several square miles in the centre and south of the city. The Main Library in George Square houses the central administration, the Arts and Social Sciences collections, the main Undergraduate Reading Room, the Special Collections, the Map collection, the main Reference and Statistical Reference collection, other archives, collections, and special processing and service units such as the Bindery and the Photographic Department. There are also major collections in New College Theological Library, the Medical Libraries, the Science Libraries on the Kings Buildings campus, the Law and Centre for European Government libraries, the Music library and the Veterinary libraries. All of these are professionally staffed, and professional library work (selection, acquisition, cataloguing and classification, reader services etc) is carried out there. Greater co‐ordination is being achieved since ‘the cuts and automation’ is seen as an instrument for further beneficial rationalization and co‐operation in improved services. There are also numerous class and departmental libraries of varying size, some of which the University Library controls and supports, some of which it merely advises and helps as best it can. Altogether the stock is thought to comprise between one and a half million and two million items, but this includes approximately half a million un‐catalogued items in Special Collections and New College.

A Modern Motion Picture Laboratory

A description of the new laboratory of Consolidated Film Industries, Inc., at Hollywood, Calif., completed during the winter of 1936–37. Included are lay-outs and illustrations of equipment on several of the floors. The description of the laboratory and equipment follows the sequence of negative development, dailies, master and release printing, together with a description of the special printers, processing units, chemical system, silver-recovery system, and other mechanical items of interest.