Special Process Research Articles

SPECIAL EDUCATION, HEALTH AND INCLUSIVE PROCESSES

The article Special Education, Health and Inclusive Processes: The Importance of the School in the Inclusion of Students with Disabilities as a theme, aims to strengthen the attitudes of acceptance of individual differences and appreciation of human diversity, emphasizing the importance of belonging, coexistence, cooperation and the contribution that all people can make to build fairer community lives, healthier, more egalitarian and more satisfying. This is a bibliographic and qualitative study that aimed to survey bibliographic data presented in books and articles on the subject. In this sense, we searched for studies with the following keywords: Inclusion; School; Integration. The word inclusion implies the idea of segregation, since it is only possible to include someone who has already been excluded. Inclusion is supported by the inclusion/exclusion dialectic, with the struggle of minorities in the defense of their rights. The historic milestone of inclusion was in June 1994, with the Declaration of Salamanca, Spain, held by UNESCO at the World Conference on Special Educational Needs. Brazil is a signatory of international documents that define the unconditional insertion of people with disabilities in society, the so-called inclusion. However, it is not enough for Brazil to be a signatory to international treaties, to have fundamental guarantees of great impact, to have a specific status of Persons with Disabilities, with rights and duties, if we do not free ourselves from the mesmerizing positivist dogmas, seeking to ensure the rights already consecrated, in addition to announcing, through the insurgency, rights to those peoples still invisible and knowing that although we have solid constitutional and infraconstitutional matrices on the subject, We cannot settle for the great gulf between the legislative foundation, which is easy to enchant, and the practical reality, the daily life, the barriers and confrontations of those who experience the false inclusion and discrimination that exists today.

Parametric analysis on combustion characteristics of hydrocarbon fueled parallel wall-jet inside a supersonic combustor

Using hydrocarbon fuel as cooling film is one of the most promising ways to thermally protect supersonic combustors and it can also be considered as a special combustion process. Parametric analysis is very important for increasing combustion efficiency of this special combustion process which is a parallel fuel wall-jet, and it is numerically investigated in this paper. It is found that, for parallel wall-jet combustion lacking near-field mixing enhancement because of the thermal protection purpose, decreasing equivalence ratio can lead to a significant increase in combustion efficiency since the wall-jet combustion efficiency is only determined by the shear mixing process. Moreover, under the constant equivalence ratio, increasing injection height from 0.67 mm to 2 mm can only slightly increase the combustion efficiency by 1.5% although it can reach a much better cooling performance. It is worth mentioning that, the effects of mainstream parameters on combustion efficiency present a step trend, self-ignition will occur as the mainstream temperature or Mach number reaches a certain value. And afterward, keep increasing mainstream temperature has little effect on the combustion efficiency since the mixing process keeps almost unchanged. Whereas, continuous reduction of mainstream Mach number will improve combustion efficiency by significantly enhancing mixing.

The Cenozoic spatiotemporal exhumation of the SE Tibetan Plateau: insight from the data mining and modeling of low-temperature thermochronology

Introduction: The SE Tibetan Plateau is distinct from other margins due to its high elevation, long wavelength, and low relief. A clear understanding of the Cenozoic exhumation history of this region is the key to understanding the special geomorphological process and the associated mechanisms. Previous thermochronological studies have either focused on vertical sections or horizontal variations in the local regions. However, the spatiotemporal exhumation pattern of the entire SE Tibetan Plateau is enigmatic.Methods: In this article, we have compiled 1,202 thermochronological data using joint kernel density estimation (KDE) and linear inversion approaches to address the exhumation process.Results: The results reveal that at least six episodes of rapid cooling have occurred since the Cenozoic, which include ∼61–58 Ma, 38–35 Ma, 32–23 Ma, 18–13 Ma, 11–6 Ma, and 4–3 Ma. Furthermore, the entire SE Tibetan Plateau underwent spatially inhomogeneous exhumation throughout the main episodes.Discussion: We infer that all cooling episodes may be attributed to the lateral extrusion and continuous convergence between the Indian and Eurasian continents. Meanwhile, climate changes (e.g., intensified Asian summer monsoon and glacial processes) have also played a non-negligible role in shaping the landscape since the Miocene. Our results will provide new insights into geodynamic mechanisms of the exhumation processes throughout the whole SE Tibetan Plateau since the Cenozoic.

Experimental study on the dew point corrosion behavior in atmospheric tower system

Atmospheric towers are large pieces of equipment used in the petroleum refining process. Hydrochloric acid dew point corrosion often occurs at low-temperatures in the tower. In order to study the dew point corrosion problem of atmospheric tower in a petrochemical enterprise, the process simulation method was used to determine the logistics parameters in the high risk area of dew point corrosion of atmospheric tower system. Based on this, the experimental conditions were set up to closely integrate laboratory research with engineering practice. In view of this special and complex corrosion process, a dew point corrosion experiment was designed to realize the dew point condensation process. The influence of concentration and temperature on the dew point corrosion rate was explored by an electrochemical test and a corrosion weight loss method. The results show that the initial dew point temperature of the tower is 89 ℃, and the risk area of dew point corrosion is located at the top of the tower and in the position of the volatile line, which is consistent with the actual corrosion area of the equipment. In this logistics environment, the dew point corrosion rate of Q345R steel increases with the increase in HCl concentration and temperature in the atmospheric tower system.

Quantitative comparison of low-cost electrical machines with soft magnetic composite and ferrite magnet materials

Because of its special structure and manufacturing process, the soft magnetic composite (SMC) material has shown its advantages over silicon sheets, including magnetic and thermal isotropy, low high-frequency core loss, low material wastes during its manufacturing process, etc.. Considering the price of SMC raw material can be very cheap in the future, it is an ideal material for developing the low-cost electrical machine. Combined with SMC cores and low-cost ferrite magnets, some electrical machines with SMC and ferrite magnets for low-cost applications were developed in the past decades, which include the transverse flux flux switched permanent magnet motor (TFFSPMM), axial flux claw pole permanent magnet motor (AFCPM), axial flux vernier motor (AFVM), dual rotor axial flux permanent magnet motor (DRAFM) and axial radial flux permanent magnet motor (RAFM). To better utilize SMC material, all these machines are designed following the design guidelines of SMC machines. Though both of them with good performance for low-cost applications, it is necessary to know the main advantages of each machine. The main target of this paper is to compare these machines quantitatively. For obtaining the comparison results fairly all these machines are optimized by using the sequential robust Taguchi method. Finally, it can be seen that the AFVM and TFFSPMM are with relatively high torque ability and the DRAFM is with high efficiency and power factor ability.

Sterile versus prolific individuals pertaining to linear-fractional Bienaymé–Galton–Watson trees

In a Bienaymé–Galton–Watson process, for which there is a positive probability of individuals having no offspring, there is a subtle balance and dependence between the sterile nodes (the dead nodes or leaves) and the prolific nodes (the productive nodes), both at and up to the current generation. We explore the many facets of this problem, especially within the context of an exactly solvable linear-fractional branching mechanism, for which a distributional approach to asymptotics is made possible. The relation of this special branching process to skip-free to the left and simple random walks’ excursions is then investigated. Mutual statistical information on their shapes can be learnt from this association.

Harmonic analysis meets stationarity: A general framework for series expansions of special Gaussian processes

In this paper, we present a new approach to derive series expansions for some Gaussian processes based on harmonic analysis of their covariance function. In particular, we propose a new simple rate-optimal series expansion for fractional Brownian motion. The convergence of the latter series holds in mean square and uniformly almost surely, with a rate-optimal decay of the remainder of the series. We also develop a general framework of convergent series expansions for certain classes of Gaussian processes with stationarity. Finally, an application to optimal functional quantization is described.

Research Progress in Abrasive Water Jet Processing Technology.

Abrasive water jet machining technology is an unconventional special process technology; its jet stream has high energy, and its machining process is characterized by no thermal deformation, no pollution, high applicability, and high flexibility. It has been widely used for processing different types of materials in different fields. This review elaborates on the basic principles and characteristics of abrasive water jet processing, the mechanism of erosion, the simulation of the processing, the influence of process parameters in machining removal, and the optimization of improvements, as well as introduces the current application status, new technology, and future development direction of abrasive water jet technology. This review can provide an important information reference for researchers studying the machining processing of abrasive water jet technology.

Physicochemical understanding of biomineralization by molecular vibrational spectroscopy: From mechanism to nature.

The process and mechanism of biomineralization and relevant physicochemical properties of mineral crystals are remarkably sophisticated multidisciplinary fields that include biology, chemistry, physics, and materials science. The components of the organic matter, structural construction of minerals, and related mechanical interaction, etc., could help to reveal the unique nature of the special mineralization process. Herein, the paper provides an overview of the biomineralization process from the perspective of molecular vibrational spectroscopy, including the physicochemical properties of biomineralized tissues, from physiological to applied mineralization. These physicochemical characteristics closely to the hierarchical mineralization process include biological crystal defects, chemical bonding, atomic doping, structural changes, and content changes in organic matter, along with the interface between biocrystals and organic matter as well as the specific mechanical effects for hardness and toughness. Based on those observations, the special physiological properties of mineralization for enamel and bone, as well as the possible mechanism of pathological mineralization and calcification such as atherosclerosis, tumor micro mineralization, and urolithiasis are also reviewed and discussed. Indeed, the clearly defined physicochemical properties of mineral crystals could pave the way for studies on the mechanisms and applications.

Children with special educational needs and parental burnout during the pandemic lockdown period

Objective: This study aimed to investigate whether children with special needs and their parents had problems with special education needs during the lockdown, and to examine the relationship between the special education process and the parent-child relationship, the level of burnout of parents. Material and Methods: Our study included 283 parents with children registered to a special education and rehabilitation centers in Kocaeli province of Turkey during the 2020-2021 academic year. Sociodemographic data form, Maslach Burnout Inventory and Parent-Child Relationship Scale were given to parents. Results: Burnout of the parents with children with autism spectrum disorder is at a higher level. The development of the children with parents who had high burnout scores regressed. The progress in the development of children whose mothers were employed, whose parents did not work from home, whose family's monthly income was 4501 TL and above, and who received special education for 0-24 months until the restriction period of the pandemic was reported as better by the parents. Parents with children aged 11-below have more positive relationship with their children. Conclusion: Our study demonstrated that the closure of special education may play a role in increased burnout and negatively affected children and parents. Monitoring the development process of children and the mood of parents during pandemics or other situations that lead to the closure of special education centres will be important to identify the problem areas and prepare support programmes.

A Review of the Complex Flow and Heat Transfer Characteristics in Microchannels.

Continuously improving heat transfer efficiency is one of the important goals in the field of energy. Compact heat exchangers characterized by microscale flow and heat transfer have successfully provided solutions for this purpose. However, as the characteristic scale of the channels decreases, the flow and heat transfer characteristics may differ from those at the conventional scale. When considering the influence of scale effects and changes in special fluid properties, the flow and heat transfer process becomes more complex. The conclusions of the relevant studies have not been unified, and there are even disagreements on some aspects. Therefore, further research is needed to obtain a sufficient understanding of flow structure and heat transfer mechanisms in microchannels. This article systematically reviews the research about microscale flow and heat transfer, focusing on the flow and heat transfer mechanisms in microchannels, which is elaborated in the following two perspectives: one is the microscale single-phase flow and heat transfer that only considers the influence of scale effects, the other is the special heat transfer phenomena brought about by the coupling of microscale flow with special fluids (fluid with phase change (pseudophase change)). The microscale flow and heat transfer mechanisms under the influence of multiple factors, including scale effects (such as rarefaction, surface roughness, axial heat conduction, and compressibility) and special fluids, are investigated, which can meet the specific needs for the design of various microscale heat exchangers.

Proces twórczy i sekrety błędów

This text presents a very special creative process, which is an absolute exception in world literature. It is about the formation of My Century by Aleksander Wat and about various types of errors that were revealed during the preparation of the new edition of this work. The errors that appear in previous editions of My Century are of a varied nature. These are primarily “memory errors” of the author himself, there are also errors resulting from faulty listening to the recordings or technical faults in several recordings, and finally errors that are difficult to classify and explain, and which may be associated with exceptional difficulties with establishing the facts.

Nuclear events during conjugation in the poorly studied model ciliate Paramecium jenningsi

Ciliated protists are highly differentiated unicellular eukaryotes that possess special sexual processes (conjugation and autogamy) that rely on their unique nuclear dimorphism, i.e., the presence of both a germline micronucleus (MIC) and a somatic macronucleus (MAC) in a single cell. The sexual processes show a high diversity in different ciliates. To better understand the differentiation and evolution of sexual processes in closely related species, we investigated the nuclear events during conjugation in Paramecium jenningsi strain GZ, a poorly studied close relative of the well-known P. aurelia complex. The main results include: (1) the conjugation process takes about 48 ​h, including three prezygotic divisions (meiosis I, II, and mitosis) and three postzygotic divisions; (2) the MICs are dominated by the “parachute” phase at the prophase of meiosis I; (3) after meiosis II, a variable number of nuclei undergo the third prezygotic division, and the two products near the paroral cone become the genetically identical migratory and stationary pronuclei; (4) the synkaryon divides three times to form the MIC and the MAC anlagen, but only one nuclear product of the first postzygotic division completes the next two divisions; and (5) an extra cell division is required to complete the last step of conjugation, during which two MIC anlagen undergo mitotic division while two MAC anlagen are distributed between the daughter cells without division. The comparison of the nuclear events during conjugation in representatives of the class Oligohymenophorea reveals that usually there are three prezygotic divisions and a variable number of postzygotic divisions. However, the number of selected and differentiated nuclei after each division differs among species. This study provided a new model ciliate for further investigations of nuclear selection and differentiation as well as nuclear morphology during meiosis.

Research progress in reactive distillation

As a special distillation process, reactive distillation technology has been widely used in the petrochemical field due to its outstanding advantages such as high efficiency and energy saving. It has been paid more and more attention from researchers in the field of chemical process enhancement since the 1920s. With the progress of social development level, resource conservation and environmental friendliness have become the general trend. In order to pursue the maximization of energy utilization and higher economic benefits, scientific researchers have developed a variety of new reactive distillation processes suitable for various occasions considering the advantages and limitations of traditional reactive distillation technology. The biggest difference from traditional reactive distillation is that the new processes have the characteristics of saving equipment investment, low reaction energy consumption, improving mass transfer, heat transfer efficiency and energy utilization rate. In order to fully understand and apply the technology, this paper describes the process flow of traditional and new reactive distillation technologies in detail, and focuses on analyzing and summarizing the latest developments in the industrial application of reactive distillation technologies in various fields. Finally, it points out that reactive distillation technologies issues that need attention and future development directions.

DESCRIPTION OF THE SIMPLEST NON-MARKOV PROCESS USING A DIFFERENTIAL EQUATION FOR THE QUANTUM STATE VECTOR

The Jaynes-Cummings model with one atom and a photon is considered. A photon leaks out of the cavity (optical resonator). An atom can be in an excited and ground state. Usually, the dynamics of the probability of finding a photon in a cavity is considered using the basic quantum Lindblad equation, in which the density matrix acts as an unknown function. The Lindblad equation describes a quantum Markov random process. The article attempts to replace the equation from the density matrix with an ersatz of the Lindblad equation, which is a differential equation from the state wave vector. The quantum master equation involves the use of a matrix with a dimension equal to the dimension of the state space, which increases the complexity of the calculations, since it requires a quadratically large memory. For example, for the dimension of the main space equal to a billion, the memory required to solve the basic quantum equation will be about a quintillion, which is a problem even for supercomputers. Whereas a billion-long column fits easily into the memory of a personal computer and can be easily processed on a personal laptop. The ersatz of the quantum master equation, which we are constructing, cannot accurately describe the dynamics of the density matrix and therefore cannot serve as an exact replacement for the quantum master equation. Our ersatz will describe a special process of exchange with the environment.

Research on performance and mechanism of terminal blend/grafting activated crumb rubber composite modified asphalt

Terminal blend rubberized asphalt (TB) has attracted wide attention due to its excellent storage stability and low viscosity characteristics. However, in the special preparation process, the desulfurization and degradation of crumb rubber (CR) weaken high-temperature performance of TB. In this study, the grafting activated crumb rubber (GACR) treated by the acrylamide was selected as a modifier for strengthening high-temperature performance of TB. With special advantages, it balanced the storage stability and other properties of TB. Firstly, the self-made asphalt preparation equipment was used for the preparation of TB. Secondly, the obtained TB and GACR were mixed to prepare TB/GACR composite asphalt (TB/GACR). Finally, the properties of TB/GACR were compared and evaluated. Test results show that TB/GACR has excellent rheological properties and maintains the advantages of storage stability of original TB. In addition, GACR was conducive to improving the anti-aging performance of original TB, and slowed down the formation of S = O in TB/GACR system and the transformation rate of light components to macromolecules during the aging process.

Win-Win: A Privacy-Preserving Federated Framework for Dual-Target Cross-Domain Recommendation

Cross-domain recommendation (CDR) aims to alleviate the data sparsity by transferring knowledge from an informative source domain to the target domain, which inevitably proposes stern challenges to data privacy and transferability during the transfer process. A small amount of recent CDR works have investigated privacy protection, while they still suffer from satisfying practical requirements (e.g., limited privacy-preserving ability) and preventing the potential risk of negative transfer. To address the above challenging problems, we propose a novel and unified privacy-preserving federated framework for dual-target CDR, namely P2FCDR. We design P2FCDR as peer-to-peer federated network architecture to ensure the local data storage and privacy protection of business partners. Specifically, for the special knowledge transfer process in CDR under federated settings, we initialize an optimizable orthogonal mapping matrix to learn the embedding transformation across domains and adopt the local differential privacy technique on the transformed embedding before exchanging across domains, which provides more reliable privacy protection. Furthermore, we exploit the similarity between in-domain and cross-domain embedding, and develop a gated selecting vector to refine the information fusion for more accurate dual transfer. Extensive experiments on three real-world datasets demonstrate that P2FCDR significantly outperforms the state-of-the-art methods and effectively protects data privacy.

Institutional support of intercultural communication in Ukraine in the context of implementation of its european integration vector

Institutional support of intercultural communication in Ukraine in the context of implementation of its european integration vector

Класифікація функціональних особливостей оболонки космічної індустрі-альної платформи

The goal of this paper is to identify and classify the functional features of the shell of a space industrial platform. Further space exploration is limited by the difficulty of launching large-sized and massive objects into orbit. At the initial stage of the industrialization of near space, space industrial platforms can be placed therein. The configurations of existing orbital stations as a prototype of space industrial platforms are analyzed, and the ranges of the main parameters of their modules are determined. The structural layout of an industrial platform depends significantly on the technological processes implemented thereon. The configuration of a platform depends largely on a number of criteria that have an effect on its functional features. The paper identifies a number of criteria that have an effect on the functional features and configuration of a platform. They are as follows: structural modularity, the shell frame type, the shell shaping method, the sealing type, the need for a special atmosphere, the need for special process modules, the orientation and stabilization type, the power system type, the thermal control type, the need for a microclimate, and the type of preprocessing of raw materials and their components. Using these criteria, the paper proposes a classification of the functional features of an industrial platform shell. For classification, a space industrial platform is decomposed down to the level of the structural elements of its modules to be used in the development of a comprehensive mathematical model of platform operation. A set of parameters of industrial platforms is formed to ensure the technological processes implemented thereon. The set will be used in platform shell formation according to process parameters. The problem of mass optimization of a space industrial platform is formulated.

Stereocomplex formation of a poly(D-lactide)/poly(L-lactide) blend on a technical scale

Abstract Poly(D-lactide) (PDLA) and poly(L-lactide) (PLLA), both available on the market, are blended on a technical scale. Using a special process control, the two materials are blended in a twin-screw extruder at a mass throughput rate of 2 kg/h, resulting in a stereocomplex Poly(-lactide) (PLA) blend. Thermal analysis indicates only one melting point at 235 °C. Both the Raman spectra and X-ray powder diffraction patterns show characteristic features for the stereocomplex PLA. With the available amount of this blend PLA fibers with technical strengths can be developed by melt spinning. As such, the application of the biopolymer PLA can be expanded, leading to substitute the conventional plastics for conserving both the resources and the environment.