Specific Phenomena Research Articles

A theoretical study on Krauklis wave characteristics

Abstract The Krauklis wave is a special seismic phenomenon in fluid saturated fracture medium. The wave can prompt a unique resonance effect and enhance the amplitude at special frequencies. These frequencies have a quantitative relationship with the fracture geometry parameters and can be used for quantitative interpretation of geometry parameters. Such frequency information can be transmitted to body waves by the transformation between the Krauklis wave and the body wave. Both P- and S-waves become frequency dependent. In this study, an original numerical method is brought out to solve the equation of the Krauklis wave dispersion relation. The method has fine computational performance, and the frequency band for numerical solution is extended to the megahertz level. The dispersion, resonance, and attenuation of the Krauklis wave can be analyzed within the entire frequency range for Krauklis wave existence. What is more, the formation mechanism, existence, and observability are illuminated. The analysis shows that there are upper limits of frequency and fracture aperture for Krauklis wave existence, but within the frequency band for artificial seismic and micro-seismic exploration, the Krauklis wave exists widely. For experimental research, the frequency and fracture aperture should be well designed to ensure the generation of the Krauklis wave. The attenuation of the Krauklis wave can suppress the resonance effect. The influence of the attenuation should be taken into account, when the wave is used for seismic characterization of fracture reservoirs or micro-seismic monitoring of hydraulic fracturing.

When sociology must comprehend the incomprehensible: interpretation of Weber and Durkheim in the sociology of Theodor W. Adorno

In this article, we will delve into Theodor W. Adorno’s sociology. The general aim is to study Adorno’s theory of society and its relation to sociological interpretation. What primarily distinguishes Adorno from other sociologists (of his time and today) is that he considers society to be the fundamental concept of the discipline. Theorising on the post-liberal capitalism of his time, Adorno proposes the concept of the exchange society, which is understood as an antagonistic totality that reproduces itself through the suffering it inflicts on socialised individuals. Within texts dating back to the 1960s, such as ‘Society’, Adorno engages in an exploration of comprehensive sociology and the sociology of social facts, reciprocally examining them. He confronts one with the other in a proposal of an interpretative model of the comprehensibility or incomprehensibility of society. This intellectual confrontation, while avoiding synthesis, leads Adorno to two main outcomes. First, it yields a diagnostic perspective on social theory, portraying capitalist society as simultaneously rational and irrational, comprehensible and incomprehensible. Second, it hints at a sociological interpretation of specific phenomena. In addition to exploring this central theme in Adorno’s sociology, we will also shed light on his distinctive approach to classic texts and concepts. Specifically, Adorno links to the received terminologies but incorporates them into constellations that imbue them with eloquence by revealing the underlying objective moments they encapsulate. The theoretical significance of this article lies in the aim to demonstrate that Adorno’s contributions to sociology are not merely borrowed from philosophical contemplations. Instead, they arise from an immanent critique of the sociological tradition.

Feature-agnostic metabolomics for determining effective subcytotoxic doses of common pesticides in human cells.

Although classical molecular biology assays can provide a measure of cellular response to chemical challenges, they rely on a single biological phenomenon to infer a broader measure of cellular metabolic response. These methods do not always afford the necessary sensitivity to answer questions of subcytotoxic effects, nor do they work for all cell types. Likewise, boutique assays such as cardiomyocyte beat rate may indirectly measure cellular metabolic response, but they too, are limited to measuring a specific biological phenomenon and are often limited to a single cell type. For these reasons, toxicological researchers need new approaches to determine metabolic changes across various doses in differing cell types, especially within the low-dose regime. The data collected herein demonstrate that LC-MS/MS-based untargeted metabolomics with a feature-agnostic view of the data, combined with a suite of statistical methods including an adapted environmental threshold analysis, provides a versatile, robust, and holistic approach to directly monitoring the overall cellular metabolomic response to pesticides. When employing this method in investigating two different cell types, human cardiomyocytes and neurons, this approach revealed separate subcytotoxic metabolomic responses at doses of 0.1 and 1 µM of chlorpyrifos and carbaryl. These findings suggest that this agnostic approach to untargeted metabolomics can provide a new tool for determining effective dose by metabolomics of chemical challenges, such as pesticides, in a direct measurement of metabolomic response that is not cell type-specific or observable using traditional assays.

Reconstructing the Concept of Uang Panai in South Sulawesi: A Maqāṣid al-Sharī‘ah Approach for Revitalizing Women-Friendly Islamic Values

Uang panai is a significant issue that often hinders individuals from getting married due to the high financial demands imposed by the bride's family. These demands can sometimes thwart marriage aspirations. This study explores the reconstruction and revitalization of uang panai using Muhammad Syahrur's limit theory to make it more affordable and achievable for men. The research adopts a descriptive-analytical approach, a method that intricately describes specific phenomena or events and subsequently analyzes data to understand the emerging relationships and patterns. The findings indicate that by applying the minimum (al-hadd al-adna) and maximum (al-hadd al-a'la) limits, uang panai can be regulated based on the individual's income while maintaining the honor and dignity of the woman.

Exploring the Factors that Facilitate Gender Disparity in Access to Fertile Farmlands in Nadowli-Kaleo District

The paper explores the factors contributing to gender disparity in access to fertile farmlands in the Nadowli-Kaleo district. It highlights the significant imbalance in land ownership between men and women, influenced by cultural norms, inheritance practices, and patriarchal systems. The study emphasizes the need for interventions to promote gender equity in land ownership and empower women economically. The research employed a case study design to investigate the specific phenomenon of gender disparities in land access in the Nadowli-Kaleo district. This approach allowed for an in-depth exploration of sociocultural, economic, and environmental factors contributing to the gender gap in land ownership. Purposive selection was used to choose 198 participants for the study. The study focused on individuals residing in the Nadowli-Kaleo district, particularly those involved in agriculture and land ownership. The participants ranged from 24 to 65 years old, providing diverse perspectives on the issue of gender disparities in access to farmland. Face-to-face interviews with the assistance of interview guides were utilized to collect data from the participants. The data collected were transcribed, organized, and presented with relevant quotations to support the findings. The study revealed a significant gender disparity in land ownership, with men predominantly owning larger tracts of farmland compared to women who typically owned 1-3 acres or none at all. Factors such as gender, kinship, marital status, and cultural customs were identified as influencing access to land in the district. Based on the findings, recommendations were made.

Exocomet Models in Transit: Light Curve Morphology in the Optical—Near Infrared Wavelength Range

Following the widespread practice of exoplanetary transit simulations, various presumed components of an extrasolar system can be examined in numerically simulated transits, including exomoons, rings around planets, and the deformation of exoplanets. Template signals can then be used to efficiently search for light curve features that mark specific phenomena in the data, and they also provide a basis for feasibility studies of instruments and search programs. In this paper, we present a method for exocomet transit light curve calculations using arbitrary dust distributions in transit. The calculations, spanning four distinct materials (carbon, graphite, pyroxene, and olivine), and multiple dust grain sizes (100–300 nm, 300–1000 nm, and 1000–3000 nm) encompass light curves in VRJHKL bands. We also investigated the behavior of scattering colors. We show that multicolor photometric observations are highly effective tools in the detection and characterization of exocomet transits. They provide information on the dust distribution of the comet (encoded in the light curve shape), while the color information itself can reveal the particle size change and material composition of the transiting material, in relation to the surrounding environment. We also show that the typical cometary tail can result in the wavelength dependence of the transit timing. We demonstrate that multi-wavelength observations can yield compelling evidence for the presence of exocomets in real observations.

Pole-skipping for massive fields and the Stueckelberg formalism

Pole-skipping refers to the special phenomenon that the pole and the zero of a retarded two-point Green’s function coincide at certain points in momentum space. We study the pole-skipping phenomenon in holographic Green’s functions of boundary operators that are dual to massive p-form fields and the dRGT massive gravitational fields in the AdS black hole background. Pole-skipping points for these systems are computed using the near horizon method. The relation between the pole-skipping points of massive fields and their massless counterparts is revealed. In particular, as the field mass m is varied from zero to non-zero, the pole-skipping phenomenon undergoes an abrupt change with doubled pole-skipping points found in the massive case. This arises from the breaking of gauge invariance due to the mass term and the consequent appearance of more degrees of freedom. We recover the gauge invariance using the Stueckelberg formalism by introducing auxiliary dynamical fields. The extra pole-skipping points are identified to be associated with the Stueckelberg fields. We also observe that, as the mass varies, some pole-skipping points of the wave number q may move from a non-physical region with complex q to a physical region with real q.

Precedent texts as linguistic mechanisms for creating an attractive newspaper headline in the Internet media discourse

The article examines newspaper headlines produced using precedent phenomena, and thereby they act as effective linguistic mechanisms for creating media text attractiveness. The research material is comprised of newspaper headlines obtained from the online versions of "Rossiiskaya Gazeta" texts for 2023 and 2024. We used cognitive discourse analysis in conjunction with a comprehensive methodology for examining active processes in language. We assume that headlines convey certain information about the text content and can perform text-forming and evaluative functions. The study analysed the sources of headlines based on precedent phenomena, types of precedent text transformation, functions of using precedent texts to create newspaper headlines in the modern Internet media language. The research shows that precedent text sources in the headings are well-known works of literature and art, phraseological units and proverbs, the so-called catchphrases, other set expressions and clich  es. Structural-semantic, semantic proper, and pragma-semantic models for transforming original precedent texts were identified. The paper also characterises such functions of using precedent text in headlines as the informative, text-forming, persuasive, expressive, evaluative, and attraction functions. We conclude that the considerable persuasive, attractive, and evaluative potential of precedent phenomena in headlines is most often realised in transformed precedent texts. This is associated with the foregrounding of cultural information known to readers due to its link to a specific precedent phenomenon. New information relevant to a particular author in a particular text is superimposed on the familiar cultural information in a figurative, playful form.

Characterization of electro-adhesion using surface waves generated and detected by Laser-Ultrasonics

Studying and understanding adhesion characteristics between a coating and its substrate is important for improving the reliability of a thin film’s adhesion. To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this work studies for the first time a specific electro-adhesion process using Laser-Ultrasonics. An electric field source is applied to a convenient sample composed of a polyvinyl chloride (PVC) layer on an aluminum (Al) substrate. The aim is to investigate the impact of different electro-adhesion levels on the propagation of surface acoustic waves (SAW), which are generated by a pulsed laser and detected using an interferometer. This non-destructive and non-contact experimental setup allows us to determine the surface modes dispersion curves for each adhesion level. A theoretical model is developed to numerically solve the dispersion relation in order to analyze the influence of the interface quality on the dispersion curves. These ones have also been obtained by the finite element method (FEM) allowing us to predict the shape of the experimental signals. This research paves the way for future studies of specific adhesion phenomena across different materials.

A coupled thermo-mechanical model for investigating cracking and failure of composite interbedded rock

Composite interbedded rock is a special geological phenomenon that occurs when layers of rock (beds) of a given lithology lie between or alternate with other layers of a different lithology. The thermal and mechanical properties of the composite interbedded rocks exhibit strong anisotropy. Studying the thermomechanical coupling properties of natural composite interbedded rocks using existing experimental techniques is challenging. A coupled thermo-mechanical composite interbedded rock model was developed based on Fourier's heat-conduction law and Newton's second law. The thermodynamic responses and biaxial mechanical properties of composite interbedded rocks with different interlayer angles under the coupling of initial stress and thermal loading were studied for the first time. The results indicate that the thermal stresses within the granite interlayers are higher than those within the sandstone interlayers. Throughout the thermal loading process, thermal cracking occurred primarily within the (stiffer) granite interlayers. The number of thermal cracks generated during the cooling process far exceeds that during heating; at 400 °C, the number of thermal cracks during cooling is more than 35 times that during heating. When the interlayer dip angle approaches 90° and is aligned with the major principal stress direction, the phenomenon of the “double peaks” and layered failure becomes more pronounced. Within the range of variables considered, the relative impact of the three variables on peak stress in composite interbedded rock is as follows, from greatest to least: interlayer angle, thermal shock temperature, and model size. The results and developed modeling methods will contribute to the management and optimization of future engineering geology projects.

Optimizing word embeddings for small datasets: a case study on patient portal messages from breast cancer patients

Patient portal messages often relate to specific clinical phenomena (e.g., patients undergoing treatment for breast cancer) and, as a result, have received increasing attention in biomedical research. These messages require natural language processing and, while word embedding models, such as word2vec, have the potential to extract meaningful signals from text, they are not readily applicable to patient portal messages. This is because embedding models typically require millions of training samples to sufficiently represent semantics, while the volume of patient portal messages associated with a particular clinical phenomenon is often relatively small. We introduce a novel adaptation of the word2vec model, PK-word2vec (where PK stands for prior knowledge), for small-scale messages. PK-word2vec incorporates the most similar terms for medical words (including problems, treatments, and tests) and non-medical words from two pre-trained embedding models as prior knowledge to improve the training process. We applied PK-word2vec in a case study of patient portal messages in the Vanderbilt University Medical Center electric health record system sent by patients diagnosed with breast cancer from December 2004 to November 2017. We evaluated the model through a set of 1000 tasks, each of which compared the relevance of a given word to a group of the five most similar words generated by PK-word2vec and a group of the five most similar words generated by the standard word2vec model. We recruited 200 Amazon Mechanical Turk (AMT) workers and 7 medical students to perform the tasks. The dataset was composed of 1389 patient records and included 137,554 messages with 10,683 unique words. Prior knowledge was available for 7981 non-medical and 1116 medical words. In over 90% of the tasks, both reviewers indicated PK-word2vec generated more similar words than standard word2vec (p = 0.01).The difference in the evaluation by AMT workers versus medical students was negligible for all comparisons of tasks’ choices between the two groups of reviewers (p=0.774\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \\usepackage{amsmath} \\usepackage{wasysym} \\usepackage{amsfonts} \\usepackage{amssymb} \\usepackage{amsbsy} \\usepackage{mathrsfs} \\usepackage{upgreek} \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \\begin{document}$${\ ext{p}} = 0.774$$\\end{document} under a paired t-test). PK-word2vec can effectively learn word representations from a small message corpus, marking a significant advancement in processing patient portal messages.

Natural Language Processing and Schizophrenia: A Scoping Review of Uses and Challenges.

(1) Background: Approximately 1% of the global population is affected by schizophrenia, a disorder marked by cognitive deficits, delusions, hallucinations, and language issues. It is associated with genetic, neurological, and environmental factors, and linked to dopaminergic hyperactivity and neurotransmitter imbalances. Recent research reveals that patients exhibit significant language impairments, such as reduced verbal output and fluency. Advances in machine learning and natural language processing show potential for early diagnosis and personalized treatments, but additional research is required for the practical application and interpretation of such technology. The objective of this study is to explore the applications of natural language processing in patients diagnosed with schizophrenia. (2) Methods: A scoping review was conducted across multiple electronic databases, including Medline, PubMed, Embase, and PsycInfo. The search strategy utilized a combination of text words and subject headings, focusing on schizophrenia and natural language processing. Systematically extracted information included authors, population, primary uses of the natural language processing algorithms, main outcomes, and limitations. The quality of the identified studies was assessed. (3) Results: A total of 516 eligible articles were identified, from which 478 studies were excluded based on the first analysis of titles and abstracts. Of the remaining 38 studies, 18 were selected as part of this scoping review. The following six main uses of natural language processing were identified: diagnostic and predictive modeling, followed by specific linguistic phenomena, speech and communication analysis, social media and online content analysis, clinical and cognitive assessment, and linguistic feature analysis. (4) Conclusions: This review highlights the main uses of natural language processing in the field of schizophrenia and the need for more studies to validate the effectiveness of natural language processing in diagnosing and treating schizophrenia.

Exploring the application and significance of case study research in nursing.

Case study research (CSR) has gained popularity across disciplines due to its ability to provide detailed insights into specific phenomena. To explore the philosophy and methodology of CSR, drawing from notable authors who have contributed to its development. This article discusses the characteristics of CSR in terms of design and method in both quantitative and qualitative approaches. It examines CSR's advantages and disadvantages as a research method. It draws on two example case studies to emphasise the use of CSR for exploring complex healthcare and social care settings. CSR has proven valuable in nursing research for investigating complex clinical problems, patient-care scenarios, and organisational dynamics and phenomena. CSR provides a methodological framework for nursing research that offers a unique lens for exploring multifaceted, complex issues. This ultimately improves patient care outcomes.

Opportunities And Threats Of Historical Evidence And Data Via Corpus-Based Software: A Case Study On Gerard Malynes

The aim of this paper is to exploit the informative nature of datasets that can be created from corpus-based software to explore specific phenomena in early modern specialized discourse, and to corroborate the adoption of the same software for historical analysis. Particular relevance will be devoted to the special nature of historical evidence, which has caused critical issues in the reliability of the data collected for the purpose of historical investigation of English. Spelling variation, in this sense, is one of the most crucial problems of Early Modern English, and this has often affected the reliability of data to be collected via software, especially when statistical findings are involved. The normalisation of historical texts has contributed enormously to make texts better readable for historical corpus analysis; and, consequently, to improve the accuracy and manipulation of data. Moreover, several tools used in corpus linguistics have benefited from the normalisation of spelling variants in the same terms, e.g. part-of-speech taggers for historical variety. This case study will attempt to explore the data retrievable from corpus-based software like VARD, #LancsBox and CQPweb, and to use them to corroborate a preliminary analysis of early modern economics discourse in two treatises written by Gerard Malynes in 1601 and 1623.

The use of Melody and Harmony Elements as Techniques in 20th Century Music

This publication is a descriptive-analytical study, Depends on qualitative method. Describes a specific phenomenon or event or thing, depending on the books and sources include examples, and analysis of those examples that are related to the innovations that occurred in the common materials (melody-harmony) used in the twentieth century, and how it was used as a new technique in music. The views of famous composers of the twentieth century are about the change in the definition of music. In their opinion and according to the definitions and materials available, today’s music expresses human feelings more broadly and appropriately, therefore, musical production is performed more profoundly. According to this new and contemporary view, the development of music is discussed and emphasizes how natural materials are used in their works freely, as well as how artistic studies and their goals are presented to humanity by finding new sound effects and how they are different from the past music. This study discusses (Polyphony), where many sounds are used simultaneously based on the standards of global western music, known as (Classical Music). This research includes Problem, Importance, and Objectives of the study in the first part. The second part is devoted to the definition, and information on several important topics, and discusses the most significant changes that have occurred in the twentieth century. The third section focuses on the elements of melody-harmony, presents the necessary information, the changes that have occurred in these elements, and includes analyses of the examples. This publication then concludes with a presentation of the results and a list of bibliographies.

A proactive schoolshooting incident prevention system: what matters?

Scientific research on schoolshooting has been actualized in the early 21st century, but incidents have been recorded much earlier, since the late 16th century. The article focuses on the causes and explanation of the mechanism of imitation, a significant driving force in schoolshooting. Examples of cases are given to illustrate the effect of the copycat mechanism and measures to prevent the spread of the 'copycat effect' are argued. The paper identifies the key features that unite terrorism and schoolshooting, which provide a strong case for considering schoolshooting incidents as a new type of terrorism. The similarity of schoolshooting incidents to terrorist acts is argued through the description of common characteristics, such as ritual and demonstrative nature of violence, planned and symbolic nature of violence, cultural determination, and group identification. This paper focuses not on the scientific problem of studying schoolshooting as a special phenomenon, but on the problems of creating, organizing, and managing a proactive system of schoolshooting prevention. The results of the analysis of American practice of development and application of threat assessment system to prevent schoolshooting are presented. The description of necessary elements of the complex system for prevention of schoolshooting incidents is presented, the definition of the proactive system is given.

In situ experimental study on possible strengthening and toughening mechanism of interlaminar pores in carbon fiber orthotropic laminates

In order to study the regulation mechanism between the internal micro-pores and the mechanical properties of carbon fiber orthogonal laminated composites. In this paper, a kind of carbon fiber orthogonal laminated composite with different types of interlaminar micro-pores was carried out in-situ loading experiments by SR-CT, and the internal fibers, pore microstructure and damage of the sample in the process of progressive failure were tracked in the whole field and in real time. Through in-situ experiments, special phenomena such as three times reduction progressive failure of the material loading curve, secondary cracking of the fiber layer, and crack arrest by porosity was observed, Furthermore, through the analysis of the two special stages of strength improvement and toughness enhancement of the loading curve, it is found that the strengthening mechanism of the orthogonal laminated structure to realize the repeated strength improvement of the material by controlling the interlaminar alternating shear action, and the toughening mechanism of crack tip passivation induced by micro-pores. It provides a possible way to realize the strengthening and toughening of composites through the design of microporous structure.

Stress Resistance of Personality in the Conditions of Organizational Culture in Ukraine. Specific Dependent Phenomena

So far, the focus of safety psychology, coping strategies, and occupational safety has been predominantly on physical factors and self-regulation tools. However, this article outlines the poorly researched neuro-dependent phenomena of Ukrainian organizational culture, where parallel new proactive and old reactive tendencies are observed. The purpose of this article is to identify the main neurodependent destructive tools of deceptive psychological self-protection in the context of contemporary organizational culture. These phenomena proved to be dependent on both general and personal culture, through which the instincts of psychological self-preservation and primitive unconscious defenses such as shame, guilt, excessive responsibility, competition avoidance, mythological attitudes, rituals, etc. are refracted. Methods of sociological survey by means of posing provocative questions with short answer time, intervisional and independent observations of production teams (with the subsequent neurointerpretative analysis) allowed to make a number of important conclusions. The main ones are the objectification and explanation of two intensions of Ukrainian organization culture, the determination of neuro-markers of destructive manifestations of personal deontological culture and the conclusion of a systematizing table of the stages of development of organization culture with procedural-attributive and neurodestructive explication. Also in the conclusions by psychological and pedagogical modeling and expedient selection of tools the authors concluded a set of recommendations for the acquisition of stress resistance in the context of the culture of the organization. The article can become a theoretical basis for the development of effective training programs and non-invasive neuropsychological tools for the correction of neurocultural deviations.

Analisis Potensi Pengembangan Kawasan Desa Wisata Di Pulau Galang

This research aims to identify the tourism potential of Galang Island. The assumption underlying this research is that the development of a Tourism Village area can increase the overall tourism attractiveness of Galang Island and provide economic and social benefits for the local community. This research uses a case study approach because it is in accordance with the nature of research that centers on observing specific phenomena and contexts so that researchers can collect data thoroughly through observation, interviews, and document analysis related to the development of the Tourism Village area on the island. This research found that Galang Island has significant tourism potential with community support, but the challenges of infrastructure and economic empowerment still need to be overcome and require further research for tourism diversification and collaboration with the private sector.

Bifurcation analysis and soliton structures of the truncated [formula omitted]-fractional Kuralay-II equation with two analytical techniques

The truncated M-fractional Kuralay (TMFK)-II equation is prevalent in the exploration of specific complex nonlinear wave phenomena. Such types of wave phenomena are more applicable in science and engineering. These equations could potentially provide insights into understanding the intricate dynamics of optical phenomena, encompassing solitons, nonlinear effects, and wave interactions. This study aims to uncover a diverse range of soliton solutions to the model, spanning trigonometric, hyperbolic, exponential, and rational expressions. These solutions are unveiled through the application of extended hyperbolic functions and improved F-expansion techniques, representing the primary objective of this research. The three-dimensional (3D) and two-dimensional (2D) combined charts are plotted for some of these solutions. The impact of the fractional parameters and time variations is also illustrated. Moreover, the models are converted into a planar dynamical system using a Galilean transformation, and the analysis of bifurcation is examined. This research underscores the versatility of the aforementioned techniques for exploring complex nonlinear phenomena across various engineering and scientific disciplines. Finally, the findings of this study hold significant implications for advancing our understanding and analysis of nonlinear wave dynamics in diverse physical systems.