Specific Orientation Research Articles

On the surface biasing effectiveness during reactive high-power impulse magnetron sputter deposition of zirconium dioxide

In this study, we investigate the effect of surface biasing during high-power impulse magnetron sputter deposition of non-conductive zirconium dioxide films on substrates with different capacitances. We employ reactive high-power impulse magnetron sputtering to deposit ZrO2 films using a circular Zr target in a pure oxygen atmosphere. The deposition experiments are conducted on two types of substrates: high-capacitance (thin thermally grown SiO2 on Si) and low-capacitance (soda-lime glass). By varying the time shift between the target voltage pulse and the negative substrate bias voltage pulse, we analyze the impact on the preferred crystal orientation of the deposited ZrO2 films and the deposition rate. We measure the current and voltage waveforms during the deposition process and utilize a surface charging model to understand the charging behavior of the growing film. Additionally, time- and energy-resolved ion mass spectra are measured to gain insights into the ion behavior during film growth. Our results demonstrate that energetic ion bombardment and appropriate timing of substrate biasing can influence the crystal orientation of ZrO2 films, favouring specific orientations over others. We also explain the different behavior observed on low- and high-capacitance substrates.

Magnetic Manipulation of Superparamagnetic Colloids in Droplet‐Based Optical Devices

AbstractMagnetically assembled superparamagnetic colloids are exploited as fluid mixers, swimmers, and delivery systems in several microscale applications. The encapsulation of such colloids in droplets may open new opportunities to build magnetically controlled displays and optical components. Here, the assembly of superparamagnetic colloids inside droplets under rotating magnetic fields is studied, and this phenomenon is exploited to create functional optical devices. Colloids are encapsulated in monodisperse droplets produced by microfluidics and magnetically assembled into dynamic 2D clusters. Using an optical microscope equipped with a magnetic control setup, the effect of the magnetic field strength and rotational frequency on the size, stability, and dynamics of 2D colloidal clusters inside droplets is investigated. The results show that cluster size and stability depend on the magnetic forces acting on the structure under the externally imposed field. By rotating the cluster in specific orientations, it is possible to magnetically control the effective refractive index and the transmission of light through the colloid‐laden droplets, thus demonstrating the potential of the encapsulated colloids in optical applications.

Depression and Its Determinants among Postpartum Mothers Attending at Universal College of Medical Sciences and Teaching Hospital, Bhairahawa, Rupandehi, Nepal.

Postpartum depression is a serious mental health issue linked to maternal morbidity and negative effects for infant's normal growth, development, and well-being. This study is aimed at assessing the prevalence and factors associated with postpartum depression among mothers attending a tertiary hospital in Nepal. A hospital-based cross-sectional study was conducted among 173 postpartum mothers (<6 weeks postdelivery) who were receiving care either at the postnatal ward or immunization clinic of Universal College of Medical Sciences and Teaching Hospital in Bhairahawa, Rupandehi district, Nepal. The study was carried out from October 2020 to February 2021 by using purposive sampling technique for selecting respondents. The variables that showed significant association with the dependent variable having p value < 0.05 in bivariate analysis were entered into multivariate logistic regression model to find the final associated factors. The prevalence of postpartum depression was 20.2% among mothers attending a tertiary hospital in Nepal. The mean age of the respondents was 24.77 ± 3.47. Factors such as mothers having female child (AOR = 6.39, CI = 1.54 - 26.46), unplanned pregnancy (AOR = 10.08, CI = 2.91 - 34.94), pregnancy-induced health problems (AOR = 9.68, CI: 3.51-26.64) were associated with an increased risk of postpartum depression. Similarly, mothers having formal education (AOR = 0.28, CI: 0.08-0.91), whose spouses have secondary and above education (AOR = 0.16, CI: 0.03-0.85), and who have ≥4 ANC visits (AOR = 0.15, CI = 0.05 - 0.40) were significantly associated but have a protective effect with postpartum depression. Sex of newborn, mother's and spouse's education, intention of pregnancy, ANC visits, and pregnancy-induced health problems were found to be significantly associated with postpartum depression. Hence, specific health education program regarding maternal and child health integrating mental health should be provided to pregnant women, mothers, and their husbands, focusing on gender discrimination. Similarly specific orientation program should be provided to local health worker about the importance of planned pregnancy, in order to reduce pregnancy related health problems during ANC visits and to mothers after their delivery to reduce further chances of postpartum depression.

Use of a discussion provoking board game for revealing privilege

The article discusses the use of a board game, Reality Check: The Game of Privilege, as a tool to promote dialogue and understanding of privilege among medical students and faculty. The game was played in groups of 5–6 participants, and each player assumed the role of a character with specific socioeconomic, sexual orientation, race, and gender identity. Debriefing sessions and anonymous surveys were conducted after each play session, and the findings were reviewed to identify themes and refine future play sessions. The results of the study showed that the game was effective in promoting discussion and reflection on the impact of privilege and bias on healthcare. The debriefing sessions and feedback from participants highlighted the complexity of privilege and circumstance and its impact on patients' care. The study's authors suggest that the game can be used to create a more inclusive and equitable healthcare system that meets the needs of all patients by recognizing and understanding privilege.

Sexual Orientation and Age-Related Patterns of Suicidal Ideation Among U.S. Adults.

Purpose: We aimed to explore whether and how suicidal ideation differs according to specific sexual orientations (i.e., heterosexual, gay/lesbian, bisexual orientation) and age groups in gender-stratified analyses. Methods: We identified state health departments from nine U.S. states that collected Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System data on both sexual orientation and suicidal ideation from 2011 to 2018 for adults aged 18 and older (n = 113,337). Logistic regression and average marginal effects (AME) were used to examine the likelihood of suicidal ideation by sexual orientation, gender, and age. Results: We found that after important sociodemographic and socioeconomic controls, sexual minority adult men and women experienced significantly higher odds of suicidal ideation than their same-gender heterosexual counterparts. After all adjustments, lesbian women had more than three times higher odds and bisexual women had almost four times higher odds than heterosexual women. Compared with heterosexual men, gay men reported twice higher odds and bisexual men exhibited 3.67 times higher odds of suicidal ideation. Analysis of the AME revealed age-specific disparities. The likelihood of suicidal ideation for bisexual men aged 18-24 years was significantly higher than that for gay and heterosexual men of the same age. Among women, bisexual women closer to middle age (35-44 years) experienced a higher likelihood of suicidal ideation than heterosexual or lesbian women of the same age. Conclusion: The elevated risk of suicidal ideation among sexual minority people throughout different stages of adulthood has important implications for policies and support services.

Components of professional competence and innovative professional activity of an hei teacher

The issue of professional competence and innovative activity of teachers in higher education is of great relevance in the current stage. This significance arises primarily from the evolving perception of teachers as participants in the educational process. There is a growing perspective that teachers are not solely dominant in organizing the educational process but rather assume a role akin to that of administrators. Consequently, the question of professional competence and innovative activity becomes crucial, as the changing perception of the teacher's role also alters the understanding of the specific qualities required to effectively engage with students. This study aims to elucidate the constituents of professional competence and innovative professional activity within the context of higher education teachers. The object of this research encompasses the components inherent in the professional activity of teachers within higher educational institutions. study employed various research methods, including description, analysis and synthesis, comparison, and generalization. This study investigates the essence of the concept of "competence" and juxtaposes its meaning with that of "professional competence." The elucidation of the essential nature of professional competence for teachers is conducted. Furthermore, the research comprehensively analyzes the structural segmentation of a teacher's professional competence into distinct parts, describes the categorization of competence into groups, and provides a summary of existing classifications on the components of a teacher's professional competence. Simultaneously, this study examines the concept of "innovative professional activity of teachers in higher education institutions." To achieve this, the phenomenon is expounded upon through a comprehensive set of interconnected components that unveil the foundation of innovation in fulfilling the teacher's assigned functions and responsibilities. Moreover, the origins of a teacher's creativity and the requisite conditions for its manifestation are also identified. Within this study, the type of a teacher's activity is determined based on its specific orientation. This categorization enables the identification of essential competencies necessary for the successful execution of each respective activity. Moreover, the significance of individual components in facilitating a teacher's professional engagement is indicated. Additionally, a scheme has been constructed to illustrate the progression of creative thinking development among teachers. This scheme portrays the sequential stages involved in the formation of creative thinking. Consequently, it can be inferred that a teacher's creative thinking evolves in logical conjunction with other components, thereby facilitating the cultivation of their innovative domain. The abstract describes the main results of the research and defines the sequence of consideration of the basic issues of the work. Methods such as description, analysis and synthesis, comparison, and generalization became the methodological basis of the research. They were applied to determine the main aspects of the work and were used to formulate and implement the tasks of the article. At the same time, according to the conducted research, competence is a set of qualities that are characteristic of a teacher and help him to carry out his work. In particular, it is determined that the competencies of a teacher of a higher education institution are Motivational; Activity; Cognitive; Emotional; Volitional, Their combination allows the teacher to carry out his activities effectively and with benefit for pupils. At the same time, it was established that competence is special and general. It was determined that the steps of professional competence formation are the following stages: Stage 1 - imitation and copying; Stage 2 - creative imitation; Stage 3 - imitative creativity; Stage 4 - genuine creativity. Each stage involves the teacher's use of the knowledge acquired at the previous stage and their correct application. Therefore, it was established that the formation of professional competence is a long-term process that requires considerable knowledge and effort. The teacher must have experience of behavior in various situations and know the psychology of students in order to make timely decisions. At the same time, it was established that it is important to have a harmonious combination of different qualities, which allows you to correctly assess the situation and present yourself as a professional and at the same time as a person who can teach moral qualities to others.

The Evaluation of Green Building’s Feasibility: Comparative Analysis across Different Geological Conditions

Green building materials have nontoxic properties and are made from recycled materials. This means they are, in most cases, created from renewable resources in comparison to non-renewable resources. This research aims to further improve the justification of green buildings and their materials. This is undertaken to determine the validity of such construction techniques. This research utilizes both qualitative and quantitative methods through five Australian case studies. The case studies, which are based on new and redeveloped structures, are selected via different geological locations and are evaluated via logical argumentation along with correlation research. Further, the research will address the problem by identifying a variety of green building materials that can be used to substitute non-green building materials. With careful comparisons among the five buildings, the green signs and implementation advantages and disadvantages will be evaluated. The result of this comparison will assist in improving the current education around the topic of green building and benefit the overall response to positive change within the construction industry. Although green building initiatives are not difficult to apply, they can be cost efficient. To maximize their cost efficiency, these initiatives need to be fully adopted. This includes the adaptation of specific building orientation, design, and sealing off penetrations to greatly improve passive heating and cooling. Further, the use of rainwater tanks also assists with energy efficiency by reducing the amount of mains water used. The utilization of natural lighting along with an advanced solar power system would further reduce the overall energy usage.

Primary-dendrite-pattern regulation by secondary branch during the directional solidification of the single crystal superalloy

The dendrite array by directional solidification determines the mechanical properties of the single crystal superalloy. Achieving precise and effective control over the directional dendrite array has been challenging due to a lack of understanding the underlying mechanism. The study found that secondary branches with specific orientations play a significant role in determining the arrangement pattern of primary dendrites on the transverse section. These secondary branches induce either a unidirectional or bidirectional aligned pattern in the primary dendrite array. The proportion of aligned dendrites increases with the solidification distance, but decreases with the withdrawal velocity. The competitive growth coefficient of secondary branch was proposed based on the effectiveness components of thermal gradient. This coefficient is determined by the convexity of the liquid-solid interface, the angle between the primary arm and the vertical direction, and the orientations angle of secondary branch. The presence of a large competitive coefficient at the liquid-solid interface edge near the crucible gives secondary branches an advantage in growth. This leads to the development of tertiary arms which further grow into the main trunks, aligning parallel to the primary dendrites and forming the aligned pattern. Additionally, based on the competitive coefficient, the formation criterion and distribution law of dendritic pattern transitions were summarized. This provides effective guidance not only for controlling dendrite arrangement but also for estimating the single crystal orientation through visual inspection by back-calculating the formation criterion.

Voice Orientation Recognition: New Paradigm of Speech-Based Human-Computer Interaction

As one of the most preferred forms of Human-Computer Interaction (HCI) nowadays, speech-based HCI enables people to communicate verbally with machines, leveraging technologies such as speech recognition and speech synthesis. Current paradigm of speech-based HCI focus on the content of speech only, failing to comprehend deeper pointing information in voice interaction. In particular, when encountering scenarios with multiple smart voice devices around, if people intend to interact with a certain device, the lack of extra pointing information (like the role played by the direction of eye gaze) would cause unintended response from the other devices, resulting in poor interaction experience during HCI. Hence, an interesting problem is: Is it possible for the devices to be aware of the orientation of human voice with only the acoustic speech signals? There is little research studying this topic, except for very a few primary works with much room for improvement. The main challenge of this study lies in capturing the concealed orientation information embedded within the speech signal, while simultaneously maintaining the scheme’s practicality and high precision. In this paper, we propose Oriennet, for identifying the orientation of human voice. With a series of features intentionally designed in view of the indoor voice propagation model and mouth radiation pattern, as well as the application of attention mechanism, Oriennet achieve 95% accuracy in terms of judging whether people are facing the device or not. Even for the fine-grained task of classifying people’s specific orientation from 8 different directions, our work achieved an accuracy of 74%, far outperforming the existed works. We have validated the robustness of Oriennet under various conditions (noisy environment; different people, rooms, languages, locations; fewer microphones), demonstrating its promising applicability in real-life scenarios.

Microstructural evolution and wear properties of in-situ (TiB + TiC)-reinforced Ti6Al4V matrix composite coating by laser melting deposition

In this study, a laser melting deposition (LDM) process was employed to deposit titanium matrix composite (TMC) coatings on a titanium alloy substrate by adding 1–5 wt% nanosized B4C particles, which were annealed at 900 °C. The microstructure and dry sliding friction behavior of TMC coatings were studied before and after the annealing treatment. The experimental results show that the TiB + TiC hybrid reinforced phase formed by the in-situ reaction of B4C and Ti matrix mainly precipitated at the grain boundary, providing the grain boundary and second-phase strengthening. Specific orientation relationships of TiB and TiC phases with the matrix phase were revealed, which had an essential effect on the microhardness distribution along the coatings. The annealing treatment promoted the diffusion of hybrid reinforcement into the matrix, strengthening their interface bonding, and has an significant impact on the wear properties of TMC coating. The room temperature friction coefficient (COF) of all the coatings remained relatively constant at 0.3–0.6. With increasing B4C content, the wear loss of the as-deposited coatings continually increased from 0.024 mm3 to 0.054 mm3, while the wear loss of the annealed TMC coatings are much lower than before, from 0.032 mm3 (TMC1) to 0.020 mm3 (TMC2) and then rise to 0.023 mm3 (TMC3). Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) morphologies determined that annealing reduced the abrasive and adhesive wear of TMC composite coating and improved its wear resistance.

TS2Anet: Ship detection network based on transformer

Ship positioning is critical to the reduction of marine casualties and the minimisation of losses at sea. However, most existing object detection methods use horizontal box detection, which fails to detect the direction of the ship. In addition, since ships have a specific orientation, the target box identified by the horizontal box often contains impurities. This makes it difficult to accurately detect the ship's coordinates. To address these limitations, this paper proposes the TS2Anet model, which uses the S2Anet rotating box object detection network and the PVTv2 structure as its backbone. In addition, to reduce the attention to outlier samples and improve the experimental performance, the image pre-processing method “cutout” was employed to simulate occlusion due to clouds, and the GHM function was used. With an increase in accuracy of 11.98% on the HRSC2016 dataset, the proposed model showed excellent detection performance. Furthermore, the model performed well in the coastal region of the HRSID dataset. This demonstrates the accuracy of ship detection by the proposed model.

Orientation-Dependent High-Order Harmonic Generation from Monolayer ZnO

Solid-state high-order harmonic generation (HHG) now is a strong tool for detecting target properties, like band structure, Berry curvature and transition dipole moments (TDMs). However, the physical mechanism of high-order harmonic generation (HHG) in solids has not been fully elucidated. According to previously published works, in addition to the inter-band polarization, intra-band currents, and anomalous currents due to Berry curvature, there is another term which will be called the mixture term (MT). Taking monolayer ZnO as a sample, it is found that the intensity of the mixture term, which has been ignored for a long time in previous works, actually is comparable with other terms. Additionally, we compare the orientation-dependent HHG spectra that originated from different mechanisms. It is found that the inter-band and mixture HHG show similar orientation features. Meanwhile, Berry curvature only produces perpendicularly polarized even harmonics, and intra-band perpendicularly polarized even harmonics show special orientation features which can be explained by the orientation-dependent group velocity. This work will help people understand the mechanisms of solid-HHG better.

Selective Hydroxylation of C(sp3 )-H Bonds in Steroids.

Steroids are highly prevalent structures in small-molecule therapeutics, with the level of oxidation being key to their biological activity and physicochemical properties. These C(sp3 )-rich tetracycles contain many stereocentres, which are important for creating specific vectors and protein binding orientations. Therefore, the ability to hydroxylate steroids with a high degree of regio-, chemo- and stereoselectivity is essential for researchers working in this field. This review will cover three main methods for the hydroxylation of steroidal C(sp3 )-H bonds: biocatalysis, metal-catalysed C-H hydroxylation and organic oxidants, such as dioxiranes and oxaziridines.

Birth Order Differences and Overall Adjustment among First Year Undergraduate Students in One Selected University

The study examined the effect of birth order differences on adjustment among first year undergraduate students in one selected university in Kenya. A cross-sectional survey research design was adopted. The sample size comprised 213 first year students selected using both stratified and simple random sampling techniques. The adjustment questionnaire was used to collect data. The inferential statistics such as Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) and Tukey’s post hoc tests were used to analyze data. The ANOVA results indicate a significant effect, [F (5, 207)=8.279, p=0.000], of order of birth of first year students on their level of overall adjustment. The Tukey’s HSD Post Hoc test results indicate that 1st born students presented a significantly higher overall adjustment compared to the rest. The study recommends that staff at university counseling centers should develop specific orientation programmes to enhance the adjustment of first year students who occupy later orders of births in their families apart from first born students. Keywords: birth order, overall adjustment, first year, undergraduate students, university

Perspective on the Preparation Methods of Single Crystalline High Nickel Oxide Cathode Materials

AbstractLi(NixCoyMnz)O2 (x + y + z = 1, NCM), as one of the most dominant cathode materials in electric vehicle (EV) batteries, faces the challenges of poor cycling stability and safety concerns with the increase of Ni content and charge/discharge capacity. Single crystalline NCM (SC‐NCM) materials have been developed to mitigate these challenges, owing to their lower surface areas, fewer grain boundaries, and better morphological stability. Here, the preparation strategies of SC‐NCM are summarized, including continuous high‐temperature sintering (CHTS), molten salt method, pulse high‐temperature sintering (PHTS), and controllable growth with special orientations or sizes. CHTS produces irregular SC‐NCM particles, but is accompanied by Li‐volatilization and agglomeration during long‐term sintering. The molten salt helps to lower calcination temperature and generate well‐defined crystalline material, but generally causes large capacity loss due to the Li/H exchange in the following water rinsing procedure. To address the above challenges, the PHTS strategy has recently been recently proposed, which mitigates Li‐loss through shortened high‐temperature stage and avoids further water rinsing steps. For improving the C‐rate performance, controllable crystal growth with specific sizes and crystal orientations is highly desired, which calls for further investigation and upgrading of current large‐scale preparation technology.

Conformational perturbation of SARS-CoV-2 spike protein using N-acetyl cysteine: an exploration of probable mechanism of action to combat COVID-19

The infection caused by Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) resulted in a pandemic with huge death toll and economic consequences. The virus attaches itself to the human epithelial cells through noncovalent bonding of its spike protein with the angiotensin-converting enzyme-2 (ACE2) receptor on the host cell. Based on in silico studies we hypothesized that perturbing the functionally active conformation of spike protein through the reduction of its solvent accessible disulfide bonds, thereby disintegrating its structural architecture, may be a feasible strategy to prevent infection by reducing the binding affinity towards ACE2 enzyme. Proteomics data showed that N-acetyl cysteine (NAC), an antioxidant and mucolytic agent been widely in use in clinical medicine, forms covalent conjugates with solvent accessible cysteine residues of spike protein that were disulfide bonded in the native state. Further, in silico analysis indicated that the presence of the selective covalent conjugation of NAC with Cys525 perturbed the stereo specific orientations of the interacting key residues of spike protein that resulted in threefold weakening in the binding affinity of spike protein with ACE2 receptor. Interestingly, almost all SARS-CoV-2 variants conserved cystine residues in the spike protein. Our finding results possibly provides a molecular basis for identifying NAC and/or its analogues for targeting Cys-525 of the viral spike protein as fusion inhibitor and exploring in vivo pharmaco-preventive and its therapeutic potential activity for COVID-19 disease. However, in-vitro assay and animal model-based experiment are required to validate the probable mechanism of action. Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma

Relationship between β→α dynamic transformation and dynamic recrystallization under thermomechanical coupling in Ti-5Al-5Mo-5V-1Cr-1Fe alloy

The thermal simulation compression tests of near-β titanium alloy Ti-5Al-5Mo-5V-1Cr-1Fe were performed within the range of deformation temperatures of 710–860 °C and strain rates of 0.001–1 s–1. Based on electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) characterization and analysis technology, the interaction between dynamic phase transformation (DPT) of β-to-α and dynamic recrystallization (DRX) under thermal-mechanical coupling is deeply and systematically explored. We clarify the effects of temperatures and strain rates on the orientation relationship during dynamic precipitation of α-phase within β grain interiors possessing special orientation. The results show that the intragranular α-phase precipitated on the subgrain boundaries near {001}β with a high degree of dynamic recovery (DRV) deviates more from Burgers Orientation Relationship (BOR) than the α-phase that precipitates near {111}β as temperature increases. The proportion of α-phase precipitated by strain-induced on β recrystallized equiaxed grains for the deviating angle from BOR (θBOR) in the range of 20°–30° increases to 40% with the increase of strain rates below 800 °C. In addition, the α-phase is dynamically precipitated on the grain boundaries with {110}β orientation, which undergoes continuous dynamic recrystallization (CDRX), exhibiting epitaxial recrystallization, namely {110}β//{0001}α. Furthermore, the morphology of grain boundaries α phase (αGBs) precipitated by strain-induced phase transformation (SIPT) on specific types of β grain boundaries (βGBs), as well as the crystallographic orientation relationship and variant selection effect between adjacent α-variant within β grains are elucidated. The orientation relationships between α variants in {111}β grain are related with each other by 50°–60°/<–12–10> and 60°–70°/<–48–43> rotation. The “necklace” αGBs of recrystallization exhibit mainly the rotation of 50°–70° around the 〈2–310〉 zone axis, while the adjacent α-variant in the grain interiors is mainly 60° or 90°/<12−30>. In summary, the study has contributed to a deeper understanding of the deformation behavior and DPT laws of β-to-αp in near-β titanium alloy, which lays a foundation for the optimization of the hot deformation process and mechanical properties.

Effect of Y Content on Precipitation Behavior, Oxidation and Mechanical Properties of As-Cast High-Temperature Titanium Alloys

To improve the heat resistance of titanium alloys, the effects of Y content on the precipitation behavior, oxidation resistance and high-temperature mechanical properties of as-cast Ti-5Al-2.75Sn-3Zr-1.5Mo-0.45Si-1W-2Nb-xY (x = 0.1, 0.2, 0.4) alloys were systematically investigated. The microstructures, phase evolution and oxidation scales were characterized by XRD, Laser Raman, XPS, SEM and TEM. The properties were studied by cyclic oxidation as well as room- and high-temperature tensile testing. The results show that the microstructures of the alloys are of the widmanstätten structure with typical basket weave features, and the prior β grain size and α lamellar spacing are refined with the increase of Y content. The precipitates in the alloys mainly include Y2O3 and (TiZr)6Si3 silicide phases. The Y2O3 phase has specific orientation relationships with the α-Ti phase: (002)Y2O3 // (1¯1¯20)α-Ti, [110]Y2O3 // [4¯401]α-Ti. (TiZr)6Si3 has an orientation relationship with the β-Ti phase: (022¯1¯)(TiZr)6Si3 // (011)β-Ti, [1¯21¯6](TiZr)6Si3 // [044¯]β-Ti. The 0.1 wt.% Y composition alloy has the best high-temperature oxidation resistance at different temperatures. The oxidation behaviors of the alloys follow the linear-parabolic law, and the oxidation products of the alloys are composed of rutile-TiO2, anatase-TiO2, Y2O3 and Al2O3. The room-temperature and 700 °C UTS of the alloys decreases first and then increases with the increase of Y content; the 0.1 wt.% Y composition alloy has the best room-temperature mechanical properties with a UTS of 1012 MPa and elongation of 1.0%. The 700 °C UTS and elongation of the alloy with 0.1 wt.% Y is 694 MPa and 9.8%, showing an optimal comprehensive performance. The UTS and elongation of the alloys at 750 °C increase first and then decrease with the increase of Y content. The optimal UTS and elongation of the alloy is 556 MPa and 10.1% obtained in 0.2 wt.% Y composition alloy. The cleavage and dimples fractures are the primary fracture mode for the room- and high-temperature tensile fracture, respectively.

Reimagining the Preceptor Role.

Preceptors are responsible for departmental specific orientation and shaping the development of the new graduate in the early weeks and months of their nursing career. Turnover of direct care nurses has increased at an alarming rate since the start of the pandemic and new graduate nurses continue to be in high demand, but the diminishing number of qualified preceptors presents a challenge. Innovative approaches are needed to make way for increasing the pace of hiring and onboarding new graduates. A group orientation approach was identified as an opportunity to redesign orientation for newly licensed registered nurses in an employer-based transition to practice nurse residency programs. Findings from the first cohort suggest that leaders, preceptors, direct care nurses, and new graduate orientees were satisfied with a group orientation model. Preparing novice nurses to enter practice requires organizational commitment and resources. Group orientation may be a useful approach to foster new graduate nurses' transition to practice and advance the preceptor role.

Modelling particle deposition onto surfaces in historic buildings

A comprehensive model of indoor particle deposition onto surfaces of historic interiors was developed. The model takes into account the most important deposition processes observed in historic buildings: Brownian and turbulent diffusion, gravitational settling, turbophoresis, and thermophoresis. The developed model is expressed as a function of important parameters characterizing historic interiors: the friction velocity - capturing the effect of the indoor airflow intensity, the difference between the temperature of the air and the surface, and surface roughness. In particular, a new form of the thermophoretic term was proposed to account for an important mechanism of surface soiling driven by frequent large temperature differences between indoor air and surfaces in historic buildings. The form adopted allowed the temperature gradients to be calculated down to low distances from the surfaces and showed insignificant dependence of the temperature gradient on the diameter of particles, which yielded a meaningful physical description of the process. The predictions of the developed model agreed with the outcome of the previous models, in turn correctly interpreting the experimental data. The model was used in simulating the total deposition velocity in a small-size church taken as an example of a historic building, heated in the cold period. The model adequately predicted the deposition processes and proved to be able to map magnitudes of deposition velocities for specific surface orientations. The crucial effect of the surface roughness on the deposition paths was documented.