Special Location Research Articles

Two main rupture stages during the 2018 magnitude 7.5 Sulawesi earthquake

SUMMARYOn 28 September 2018, a Mw 7.5 strike-slip earthquake occurred in Sulawesi Island, Indonesia, and it unexpectedly triggered a tsunami. To clearly understand the spatiotemporal evolution process of source rupture, we collected the far-field body wave data and utilized the back-projection method together with finite fault inversion method to investigate the rupture kinematics of this earthquake. Results obtained with the two methods have good consistency and complementarity. We hold that the rupture expanded from the epicentre and propagated bilaterally towards the north and south along the strike direction during the first 24 s, and then to the south. Therefore, the whole rupture process consists of two main stages. For the second stage, the fault segment experienced most of the moment release between 0 and 15 km depth, while the fault plane tended to slip at greater depth (down to 20 km) in the first stage. The total length of the rupture was about 200 km and the seismic moment was ∼2.48 × 1020 Nm, which was equivalent to Mw 7.5. The surface rupture was evident and the maximum slip of 6.24 m was observed in the Palu basin, which was close to Palu city. The rupture was dominated by left-lateral strike-slip with both normal and thrust components as well. The normal slip exhibited in the shallow part of the fault on the north side of Palu bay together with the special geographical location of Palu bay likely favored tsunami genesis.

On Tests for Special Two-Sample Location Problem Based on Subsample Minimum and Median

Shetty and Umarani(2005) considered a special type of two-sample location problem which has some potential applications, particularly in comparing the performances of two packing machines. In this paper, a new class of test statistics is proposed which is based on sub-sample minima of first sample and sub-sample median of second sample. The performance of members of the new class is evaluated in terms of Pitman asymptotic relative efficiency in comparision with Shetty and Umarani(2005). It can be concluded that the performance of the new proposed class of tests is better for medium and heavy tailed distributions such as Normal, Logistic, Laplace and Cauchy. For light tailed distributions the performance of new testis better in specific cases. It is proved that the test is consistent for one-sided alternatives.

Evaluation of Ecological Vulnerability of Yulin City under the Background of Returning Farmland to Forests

Yulin City Located in the Shaanxi Province Maowusu Desert and the northern Shaanxi Loess Plateau transition zone, its special geographical location makes the region a typical ecologically fragile area. Based on the “pressure - state - response" model, this paper based on the 14 indicators of soil erosion, population density, NDVI and so on. Based on the natural and human factors, the principal component analysis method was used in GIS and SPSS software. And the ecological vulnerability of the region for 10 consecutive years from 2003 to 2013 was evaluated with a pixel size of 100 m*100 m. The results show that the ecological fragility in the northern part of Yulin City is higher than that in the southern region and the ecological environment has improved in the past ten years. This paper discusses the relationship between ecological vulnerability and human activities, social development and natural environment, and provides reference and basis for ecological maintenance of Yulin city.

Phytochemical Study of Endemic Species Helleborus Caucasicus and Helleborus Abchasicus

The floristic region of Adjara represents “Hotpoint” of Caucasian which is distinguished with the uniqueness of its it relict Colchis flora.It represents one of the most powerful refuge in western Eurasia , which is not touched by the chilling because has the special geographical location. There are 176 endemic plants spread in southern Colchis, of which 45 ones can be used for some medical treatments. The bioecology and detailed phytochemical content of some medicinal plant populations have not been studied so far. The research objective is to study the phytochemical content of endemic species of Helleborus caucasicus and Helleborus abchasicus spread in southern Colchis. The research method for the phytochemical content included the separation analysis, which was performed by using UPLC-MS (Waters Acquity QDa detector). Three Steroidal glycosides were isolated from the MeOH extract of the plants of Helleborus caucasicus and Helleborus abchasicus: Hellebrigenin-D-glucose, 20 – Hydroxyecdysone and Hydroxyecdysone – 3 glucoside. Three Steroidal glycosides and Hydroxyecdysone -3 glucoside have been isolated from the MeOH extract of Helleborus caucasicus.

Multiple imaging modality-guided radiofrequency ablation combined with transarterial chemoembolization for hepatocellular carcinoma in special locations.

We aimed to evaluate the safety and effectiveness of radiofrequency ablation (RFA) combined with transarterial chemoembolization (TACE) guided by multiple imaging modalities for hepatocellular carcinomas (HCCs) in special (i.e., high-risk or unfavorable) locations compared with those in conventional locations. A total of 122 HCC patients were enrolled, including 85 patients (69.7%) with HCC in conventional locations and 37 (30.3%) with HCC in special locations. The clinical data, overall survival (OS), progression-free survival (PFS), and procedure-related adverse events were analyzed. RFA combined with TACE was successfully performed in all patients. Three complications (2.5%) occurred, with no significant difference between the conventional (n=1, 1.2%) and special (n=2, 5.4%) locations (P = 0.218). Complete tumor necrosis rate was not significantly different between the conventional (n=73, 85.9%) and special (n=34, 91.9%) locations at one-month imaging (P = 0.353). After a follow-up of 3-48 months, the PFS was 17 months for patients with HCC in conventional locations and 14 months for patients with HCC in special locations; one-year PFS rate was 68.1% in the conventional location group, not significantly (P = 0.741) different from 59.1% in the special location group. The OS was 28 months in the conventional location group while 32 months in the special location group. The cumulative one- and two-year OS rates were 89.9% and 63.3%, respectively, in the conventional location group, not significantly different from 96.3% and 65% in the special location group (P = 0.273). Age (P = 0.043) and tumor size (P < 0.001) were significant prognostic factors for OS, and tumor size (P < 0.001) was the only significant prognostic factor for PFS. RFA guided by multiple imaging modalities combined with TACE may be safe and effective for treating HCCs in special locations.

The Role of the Civil Service Police Unit in Implementing Regional Regulation No. 10 of 2014 concerning the Arrangement of Street Vendors in Ambon City

The main problem in this study is "How the Role of Civil Service Police Unit in Implementing Ambon City Regulation No. 10 of 2014 at Ambon City Mardika Market?". This study uses a single variable, which involved 41 respondents by including 3 indicators: (1). The role of Civil service police Unit in controlling street vendors, (2). The role of Civil service police Unit in the supervision of street vendors, (3). The role of Civil service police Unit in enforcing the law against street vendors. The results showed that: the average role of Civil service police Unit in the three indicators, namely: control, supervision, and law enforcement against street vendors was considered to be still not good and showed that the role of Civil service police Unit was not fully in implementing Regulation No.10 of 2014. Problems experienced by Civil service police Unit officers in implementing Regional Regulation No.10 2014 in the Ambon City Mardika market are the number of street vendors is increasing from time to time and also the lack of awareness of street vendors in maintaining environmental cleanliness and also compliance with applicable regulations and the absence of special locations provided by the government for street vendors selling.

Airborne antibiotic resistance genes in Hong Kong kindergartens

Antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) and antibiotic resistant bacteria (ARB) have become a critical global public health issue in this century. There is increasing evidence for the presence and transmission of ARGs by air transmission. In this research, ARGs and ARB in air conditioner filter dust (AC dust) and urine samples from 55 kindergarten children in 17 kindergartens and nearby 10 soil samples in Hong Kong were analyzed. The results showed the presence of 16 ARG subtypes and the mobile genetic element (MGE) intI1 in AC dust, and 12 ARG subtypes in the soil samples. ARGs presenting resistance to sulfonamide (6.9 × 10−3–0.17) (expressed as relative abundance of the 16 S rRNA genes) were most abundant followed by macrolides (1.8 × 10−3–3.3 × 10−2), sul1, sul2 (sulfonamide), ermF (macrolides) and intI1 genes in AC dust in 17 kindergartens. For soil samples, 12 ARG subtypes and the intI1 were detected, and the genes providing resistance to sulfonamide (1.6 × 10−3–2.7 × 10−1) were the most abundant ARGs in the 10 soil samples, followed by tetracycline (ND–1.4 × 10−2). Multi-resistant bacteria with sul1, sul2, intI1, or tetQ were detected in all AC dust samples and some urine samples. Based on bacterial genera and ARG co-occurrence network analysis and Hong Kong’s special geographical location and cultural environment, there might be two origins for the ARGs detected in the kindergartens: β-lactam/macrolide ARGs mainly derived from human medicine use and tetracycline/sulfonamide ARGs mainly from other areas, as well as IntI1 may play a role in the spread of ARGs in Hong Kong. The widely detection of ARGs in AC dust in kindergartens in Hong Kong highlights the need for the improvement of management measures.

Where the UN Has Failed to Live Up to Its Mission: Looking Back to Look Forward

AbstractIn its seventy-fifth year, the UN needs to reflect more seriously on its value in the current global scenario, the current flow of ideas, and the current flow of power that is prevalent in the world. It is important to recall that the UN was founded after World War II as a way of addressing conflict at the negotiating table rather than on the battlefield. Negotiating peace, attempting to provide some form of justice, and affirmation of human rights seemed to be the aspiration. It is within this context that women engaged in affirming their own special location in society and economy. However, over the years the UN has revealed its inability to fulfill these goals. Perhaps in the midst of all these failures, the only category of people that has drawn strength from the UN, but now has to leave it behind, are women. Scattered as they were across a world of distances, women of different cultures and classes found strength in numbers and, through the UN system and the conferences they convened, became a power of their own. As part of the special issue on “The United Nations at Seventy-Five: Looking Back to Look Forward,” this essay argues that today, however, women do not need and cannot have their aspirations be facilitated by the UN, because in their engagement with one another they have also recognized their differences. Being of similar gender does not necessarily overcome other oppressive differences.

Research on the road linear optimization design of bridge and tunnel connecting segment in the canyon

It is easy to skid and roll by centrifugal force and wind, which affects the safety of the vehicle. At the same time, the special location of bridge and tunnel connecting segment in the canyon will accelerate the wind, and make the transverse wind play a more important role in driving vehicles. Based on the acceleration effect of canyons on wind, the vehicle model is simulated by Carsim software, and the road and wind models are established. It is studied that the vehicle has different radius of circular curve under different wind levels, corresponding to different superelevation. The lateral acceleration, lateral deflection and transverse force coefficient are selected as the running state of the vehicle at different speeds to research the linear optimization design of bridge and tunnel connecting segment in the canyon. The result shows that when the wind force exceeds the fifth grade, it is possible for the vehicle to overturn under the limit minimum radius required by the standard value. In order to ensure the stability and safety of the vehicle, this paper considers the geographical position of bridge and tunnel connecting segment in the canyon and the relationship between the radius of the superelevation and circular curve. What’s more, it puts forward the optimal limit minimum radius of the circular curve with different wind grades of 5-9 grades. At the same time, when the road alignment cannot be optimized under the condition, this paper puts forward the speed limit that the vehicle safety can be guaranteed under different wind speed conditions. The speed limit can provide reference for traffic management and safety guarantee of mountain expressway.

Pole skipping with finite-coupling corrections

Recently, it is shown that many Green's functions are not unique at special points in complex momentum space using AdS/CFT. This phenomenon is similar to the pole-skipping in holographic chaos, and the special points are typically located at $\omega_n = -(2\pi T)ni$ with appropriate values of complex wave number $q_n$. We study finite-coupling corrections to special points. As examples, we consider four-derivative corrections to gravitational perturbations and four-dimensional Maxwell perturbations. While $\omega_n$ is uncorrected, $q_n$ is corrected at finite coupling. Some special points disappear at particular values of higher-derivative couplings. Special point locations of the Maxwell scalar and vector modes are related to each other by the electromagnetic duality.

Analyzing the action of evolutionarily conserved modules on HMW-GS 1Ax1 promoter activity.

The specific and high-level expression of 1Ax1 is determined by different promoter regions. HMW-GS synthesis occurs in aleurone layer cells. Heterologous proteins can be stored in protein bodies. High-molecular-weight glutenin subunit (HMW-GS) is highly expressed in the endosperm of wheat and relative species, where their expression level and allelic variation affect the bread-making quality and nutrient quality of flour. However, the mechanism regulating HMW-GS expression remains elusive. In this study, we analyzed the distribution of cis-acting elements in the 2659-bp promoter region of the HMW-GS gene 1Ax1, which can be divided into five element-enriched regions. Fragments derived from progressive 5' deletions were used to drive GUS gene expression in transgenic wheat, which was confirmed in aleurone layer cells, inner starchy endosperm cells, starchy endosperm transfer cells, and aleurone transfer cells by histochemical staining. The promoter region ranging from - 297 to - 1 was responsible for tissue-specific expression, while fragments from - 1724 to - 618 and from - 618 to - 297 were responsible for high-level expression. Under the control of the 1Ax1 promoter, heterologous protein could be stored in the form of protein bodies in inner starchy endosperm cells, even without a special location signal. Our findings not only deepen our understanding of glutenin expression regulation, trafficking, and accumulation but also provide a strategy for the utilization of wheat endosperm as a bioreactor for the production of nutrients and metabolic products.

Cutaneous squamous cell carcinomas on special locations: perioral, periocular and genital area.

If tumours arise in special locations such as around the eyes, mouth or in the genital area, patients and physicians are challenged by the need for complete removal of the tumour with safety margins and high demands on function and aesthetic aspects. Treatment should be performed by specialized physicians including ophthalmologists, head and neck surgeons, surgical, medical and radiation oncologists. The first-line treatment for most cutaneous malignancies is surgical excision; however, in several situations, such as well-differentiated cutaneous squamous cell carcinomas (cSCC) in the periocular or anal region, radiotherapy is a very reasonable and sometimes treatment of first choice, especially in patients with advanced age. In periocular SCC, radiotherapy with superficial x-ray combined with eye shielding, while in anal SCC, radiotherapy combined with chemotherapy is recommended. However, after failure of local treatment options including surgery and radiotherapy, systemic medications are indicated in order to achieve tumour control or cure. Systemic therapies include immunotherapy, targeted therapy or chemotherapy. Preventive strategies are based on UV protection in facial, and vaccination in HPV associated anogenital SCCs.

Watch out for the special location of intraventricular silicone oil following an intraocular tamponade - a 10-year follow-up case report based on CT/MRI

BackgroundIntraventricular silicone oil is a relatively rare complication resulted from silicone oil tamponade to treat retinal detachment. It is occasionally reported in previous literature. To the best of our knowledge, the long-term longitudinal comparisons of silicone oil both in the brain and in the postoperative eyeball based on CT/MRI were lacking, and intraventricular silicone oil accumulation beside lesions has been reported rarely.Case presentationA 63-year-old male patient underwent an intraocular tamponade with silicone oil in June 2009. Eight CT examinations and 2 MRI examinations were acquired between 2011 and 2018.The changes of silicone oil in the brain in CT/MRI as below: Silicone oil initially migration to bilateral lateral ventricular anterior horn was found in November 2011, it was aslo found at right side of suprasellar cisterna, and there was no change in location 6 h later; Silicone oil at the anterior horn of right lateral ventricle disappeared but remained at left lateral ventricle and right side of suprasellar cisterna in July 2014, and there was no change in location in a short-term reexamination. It was found at the middle of left lateral ventricle (adjacent to the real cause) in march 2018, but disappeared 3 months later, while remained at anterior horn of left lateral ventricular and right side of suprasellar cisterna all the time. There was no change in location in the next 2 follow-up (September and October in 2018). The CT values of silicone oil distributed throughout the brain were dynamically changed with time.ConclusionIt is important to recognize intraventricular silicone oil in a particular location.More important is to discover “the real murderer”, which is the main cause of symptoms in the vicinity of special location. Moreover, the migration of silicone oil between eyeball and brain may not be always in a single direction.

Study on the Utilization of Vacant Houses in Rural Exurbs Under the Background of Rural Revitalization Strategy by Taking Shenjia Village in Hunan Province as an Example

Large-scale urbanization construction leads to a large number of idle rural houses, resulting in a waste of social resources. The rural revitalization strategy proposed at the 19th National Congress puts forward higher requirements for the construction of new socialist countryside. In order to solve the problems of the rural vacant houses, this article analyzes the necessity of current rural exurb construction and rural vacant house utilization from the perspective of social development and policies. By virtue of investigation on the problems of vacant houses in Shenjia village, Loudi city, Hunan province, this article puts forwards three modes, namely the rural pension mode, rural short rent mode and the home stay facility reception mode as countermeasures for utilizing the vacant houses. These modes with independence from large-scale investment and special geographical location and good universality are capable of getting rid of the large-scale demolition and reconstruction phenomenon of rural construction and servicing the national development strategy.

Mineralogy of Sasanian Bullae

Mineralogy of Sasanian Bullae

Study of counterintuitive transport properties in the Aubry-André-Harper model via entanglement entropy and persistent current

The single particle eigenstates of the Aubry-Andr\'e-Harper model are known to show a delocalization-localization transition at a finite strength of the quasi-periodic disorder. In this work, we point out that an intimate relationship exists between the sub-band structure of the spectrum and transport properties of the model. To capture the transport properties we have not only used a variety of single-particle measures like inverse participation ratio, and von Neumann entropy, but also many-particle measures such as persistent current and its variance, and many body entanglement entropy. The many-particle measures are very sensitive to the sub-band structure of the spectrum. Even in the delocalized phase, surprisingly the entanglement entropy is substantially suppressed when the Fermi level is in the band gaps whereas the persistent current is vanishingly small for the same locations of the Fermi level. The entanglement entropy seems to follow area-law exclusively for these special locations of Fermi level or filling fractions of free fermions. A study of the standard deviation of persistent current offers further distinguishing features for the special fillings. In the delocalized phase, the standard deviation vs. mean persistent current curves are discontinuous for the non-special values of filling fractions and continuous (closed) for the special values of filling fractions whereas in the localized phase, these curves become straight lines for both types of filling fractions. We have also discussed how the results depend on the system size. Our results, specially on the persistent current, can potentially be tested experimentally using the present day set-ups based on ultra-cold atoms.

Incidence and risk factors of internal mammary lymph nodes metastases in breast cancer patients

Internal mammary lymph node (IMLN) metastasis forms the part of the N-staging of breast cancer, and affects the treatment program and prognosis. At present, IMLN metastasis is clinically diagnosed by anatomical imaging, functional imaging and postoperative pathology. Anatomical imaging includes ultrasound, CT and MRI. Functional image includes positron emission computed tomography (PET-CT), PET-MRI, single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) and SPECT-CT. Because of the special location of the internal mammary region and the complex anatomical structure around it, the imaging diagnosis rate and pathological diagnosis rate of IMLN are often different. Therefore, it is important to identify the relevant factors of IMLN metastasis for guiding the local treatment of internal mammary region, including the scope of surgery and radiotherapy.

Temporal and Spatial Change Monitoring of Drought Grade Based on ERA5 Analysis Data and BFAST Method in the Belt and Road Area during 1989–2017

Drought is a worldwide natural disaster with a wide range of influences and a long duration, which has a huge impact on the agricultural production activities and social economy of local residents. The Belt and Road Initiative has always received much attention due to its special geographical location and great potential for economic development. At the same time, the Belt and Road region is also deeply affected by drought, especially in some countries and regions, where the agricultural infrastructure is weak and the ecological environment is fragile. How to effectively monitor and evaluate drought has become an urgent problem to be solved. In this study, the ERA5 atmospheric reanalysis data were used, and the self-calibrating Palmer Drought Severity Index was combined with Breaks for Additive Seasonal and Trend (BFAST) to study the temporal and spatial distribution of the 1989–2017 monthly scale of drought in different climate regions of the Belt and Road region. The results show that the overall change trend of arid area shows a change of “up-down-up-down.” The winter drought area is larger than the summer drought area, and the drought center gradually moves from the Southeast Asia region in winter to the West–Central Asia region in summer. In the past five years, the drought area decreased gradually at the rate of approximately 0.38 million km2 per year.

Funko Hannibal in Florence: Fan Tourism, Participatory Culture, and Paratextual Play

Fan studies has explored the concepts of ‘film-induced tourism’ (Beeton 2005, 2015) or ‘media tourism’ via the notions of cult geography (Hills 2002) or fan pilgrimage (Porter 1999), arguing that “fan-text affective relationships cannot be separated from spatial concerns and categories” (Hills 2002:145). This article contributes to work on fan tourism and participatory cultures by focusing on a visit to Florence, Italy which was inspired by fandom of the television series Hannibal. The article discusses three main elements of this trip, reflecting on the experience of the author during that visit, to interrogate the links between transmediality and participatory culture, fandom and tourism. First, the article considers how Hannibal’s status as a transmedia text which spans the television series but also a series of novels and film adaptations, leads the fan-tourist to negotiate these different ‘versions’ of Florence. Whilst some places may be doubly coded as tourist and media sites or operate as special locations for different fans (see Lee 2012, Brooker 2007) previous work discussing this has focused on the variances between different texts. In the case of Hannibal, however, fan-tourists must negotiate the layering of various versions of the same story/text across the city, seeking out multiple real-world sites that have been used within the books/films/TV series. Locations thus become multi-coded and fans may operate their own distinctions regarding which version of the story, and therefore which Hannibal locations, are the most privileged and worth visiting. Second, the article explores how elements of participatory culture were utilised in the planning of the trip, drawing on existing fan knowledge of locations which is shared online. Since there is currently no formal organised Hannibal-related tourism industry in Florence, the fan-tourist needs to seek out their own locations and routes through the city, although these may be “mediated by the testimonies, amateur and professional, of previous fans” (Brooker 2004:27). The article focuses particularly on how ‘screenframing’, the practice of visiting “filming locations of […] favourite shows and movies, and try[ing] to align a screenshot from that film with the original background used in the film” (FangirlQuest, online) was used to identify key Hannibal locations and as a guide for engaging in attempted replication of photographs and iconic moments from the series. Drawing on this, the article uniquely explores the use of para-textual object such as merchandise in the fan-tourist experience, focusing on the use of a Hannibal Funko doll as an object of fandom on this visit to Florence. Carrying this item around sites of importance and inserting this object into photographs at key locations allows fan identities to be performed and displayed and for the links between the narrative world and the ‘real’ locations to be mediated. The article thus contributes to debates around fan-tourism and transmediality, responding to the argument that “little sustained research has explored the roles of tourist performances” (Kim 2010: 60) at meaningful sites. Whilst work has been conducted on tourists re-enacting scenes in photographs (Carl et al 2007, Kim 2010), there has been relatively little study of how and why fans may draw on material objects at important sites. The article also contributes to broader debates around material culture and fandom by focusing on the “materialities of fandom” in “specific configurations of place, purpose, and performance” (Rehak 2014). The article argues that the use of objects allows the fan to engage in the “emotional commitment and imaginative work” required to “approach a sense of communion with the fictional text” (Brooker 2004:14) since, whilst the fan themselves cannot ‘enter’ the narrative world, the use of relevant objects allows play with the borders between text, self, and object.

Multi-object tracking using deformable convolution networks with tracklets updating

Many multi-object tracking methods have been proposed to solve the computer vision problem which has been attracting significant attentions because of the significant appearance changes caused by deformation, abrupt motion, background clutter and occlusion. In this paper, hybrid deformable convolution neural networks with frame-pair input and deformable layers for multi-object tracking are presented. The object tracking method trained using two successive frames can predict the centers of searching windows as the locations of tracked targets to improve the accuracy and robustness of object tracking. Histogram of Oriented Gradient and CNN features are extracted as appearance features to measure similarities between objects. Kalman filter and Hungarian algorithm are used to create tracklets association which indicates the location and the trajectories of tracked targets. To solve the problem of object transformation, we construct a novel sampling strategy for off-line training with the idea of augmenting the special sampling locations in the convolution layers and pooling layers with additional offsets. Experiments on the popular challenging datasets show that the proposed tracking system performs on par with recently developed generic multi-object tracking methods, but effective for dense geometric transformation objects and with much less memory. In addition, the proposed tracking system can run in a speed of over 75 (24) fps with a GPU (CPU), much faster than most deep networks-based trackers.