Articles In Special Issue Research Articles

Policy recommendations for countering mass shootings in the United States

Criminology & Public PolicyVolume 19, Issue 1 p. 9-15 SPECIAL ISSUE ARTICLE Policy recommendations for countering mass shootings in the United States Daniel S. Nagin, Corresponding Author Daniel S. Nagin dn03@andrew.cmu.edu orcid.org/0000-0003-0075-1851 Carnegie Mellon University Correspondence Daniel S. Nagin, Heinz College of Information Systems and Public Policy, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA 15213. Email: dn03@andrew.cmu.eduSearch for more papers by this authorChristopher S. Koper, Christopher S. Koper orcid.org/0000-0003-4793-3628 George Mason UniversitySearch for more papers by this authorCynthia Lum, Cynthia Lum orcid.org/0000-0002-1919-3987 George Mason UniversitySearch for more papers by this author Daniel S. Nagin, Corresponding Author Daniel S. Nagin dn03@andrew.cmu.edu orcid.org/0000-0003-0075-1851 Carnegie Mellon University Correspondence Daniel S. Nagin, Heinz College of Information Systems and Public Policy, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA 15213. Email: dn03@andrew.cmu.eduSearch for more papers by this authorChristopher S. Koper, Christopher S. Koper orcid.org/0000-0003-4793-3628 George Mason UniversitySearch for more papers by this authorCynthia Lum, Cynthia Lum orcid.org/0000-0002-1919-3987 George Mason UniversitySearch for more papers by this author First published: 10 January 2020 https://doi.org/10.1111/1745-9133.12484Citations: 7 The authors thank the National Science Foundation for funding the George Mason University–Carnegie Mellon University Mass Violence Workshop that produced the articles contained in this issue (NSF grant 1850665). We also thank the authors in this issue for their contributions to the workshop and to this special issue of Criminology & Public Policy. The views expressed in this introduction are those of the authors and should not be attributed to any of the aforementioned organizations or individuals. Read the full textAboutPDF ToolsExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinked InRedditWechat Citing Literature Volume19, Issue1Special Issue: COUNTERING MASS VIOLENCE IN THE UNITED STATESFebruary 2020Pages 9-15 RelatedInformation

How much unnoticed merit is there in climate services?

The European Union and a growing number of its Member States have become active in promoting and funding the development and to some extent deployment of climate services. Despite significant progress in the creation of large high-quality open access repositories of basic climate data and despite the growing number of pilot projects with more tailored co-designed climate services for various sectors, no real breakthrough in the uptake of climate services has been witnessed. Two projects EU-MACS and MARCO, funded from the EU H2020 programme, assessed what the obstacles to uptake were and how these could be alleviated. This article discusses main outcomes from these projects, with special attention for the need to better underpin the concept of climate services and the justification to promote their use, e.g. by means of the merit good concept. The projects also identified the need for a climate services market observatory. Other articles in the same special issue provide more in-depth insights regarding several subjects.

Artificial Intelligence in Organizations: Current State and Future Opportunities

Artificial intelligence (AI) is currently viewed as the most important and disruptive new technology for large organizations. However, the technology is still in a relatively early state in large enterprises, and largely absent from smaller ones other than technology startups. Surveys suggest that fewer than half of large organizations have meaningful AI initiatives underway, although the percentage is increasing over time. This essay titled “AI in organizations: current state and future opportunities” details current challenges and implications that might arise from AI applications, and the ways to overcome such challenges to realize the potential of this emerging technology. First, the paper provide a brief history of AI and an overview of AI typologies. We discuss current challenges, implications and future opportunities regarding AI. Finally, we summarize the special issue articles and highlight the contributions each makes.

Entrepreneurship in Emerging Economies

Research Summary: The economic center of gravity is shifting from mature markets to emerging regions. This shift provides a good opportunity to broaden and deepen our theoretical base of concepts and frameworks because emerging and mature regions differ significantly in their institutional regimes. Hence entrepreneurial resource mobilization in emerging regions could differ significantly because of theoretical differences in actors’ action logics and resource governance. The eight papers in this special issue provide new empirical evidence on antecedents and consequences of entrepreneurial resource mobilization efforts in emerging regions. Here, we briefly summarize the state of the field, introduce the articles by situating them in a novel theoretical framework on entrepreneurial resource mobilization, and finally using our framework, we suggest opportunities for future research on entrepreneurship in emerging regions. Managerial Summary: Entrepreneurship research has advanced mainly using empirical data from the developed economies of North America and Western Europe. Because emerging economies differ markedly in their institutional development from developed economies, this prior research is less likely to be useful to understand entrepreneurship in emerging regions - which are increasingly crucial components of the global economy. This special issue contains eight articles addressing different aspects of the entrepreneurial resource mobilization process using diverse research methods on empirical data drawn from a broad range of emerging economies. This introduction describes the state of the field prior to the special issue, introduces the special issue articles and identifies topics that still need further investigation. We distill the current state of knowledge and offer a roadmap for future scholarship.

The Sauer Tree in Time and Place

The Sauer Tree in Time and Place1 Kent Mathewson, Ashley L. Allen, Audrey Grismore, Mariano Lagos, Jessica Rose Simms, and Brett Spencer carl O. Sauer's Latin Americanist genealogical tree provides a prime example of what can be learned and discerned from assembling an academic family tree. The tree comprises Sauer's Latin Americanist PhD descendants. The record is, for the most part, recoverable. Once the basic tree has been assembled, a variety of other questions can be asked, attributes can be distinguished, and connections can be established. These include favored regional locations where research has been done, and areas where research is sparse or absent. Similarly, there are clear shifts in research foci, methodology, and epistemological orientations over time that can be charted and commented on. Overall, this assemblage of Sauer-associated researchers and their doctoral research provides one of the larger tableaux of Latin Americanist geography's history since the 1920s, including its personalities and development, and offers some indications of where the geography is headed. The construction of academic genealogical trees is largely an exercise or enterprise that awaits historians of geography. While biographical literature on individual geographers, both monographic and article-length, is considerable, and some figures have been singled out for particular attention, work on collectivities associated with individuals is almost non-existent. There is a modest literature on departmental histories, usually in-house documents or book chapters or journal articles in special issues. It would seem that prosopographical work (collective biographical studies) in the history of geography is a promising new arena. Constructing academic "family trees" or genealogies is the logical place to start. It is widely accepted that Sauer inspired and directed a school (the "Berkeley school") with common epistemological and methodological groundings in cultural-historical approaches and perspectives, and with a preponderant regional focus [End Page 84] on Latin America. The extent to which this is empirically validated can be determined from the data on the tree. Similarly, the extent to which subsequent generations have either adhered to or diverged from the ideal types (topics, regions, periods) that Sauer's own work represents can be charted. The "total" Carl O. Sauer academic genealogical tree comprises all of the PhD graduates in geography (first generation) that Sauer supervised over four decades (1923-1967), and their students, and so on, now unfolding into the sixth generation. At present, over 1,000 dissertators have places on the "total tree." However, this figure may be an undercount by as much as 10 to 15 percent. We have relied primarily on ProQuest's data bank, which mainly provides U.S. dissertation information. For the most part, dissertations directed by Sauer legatees at universities outside the U.S., especially in Latin America, have yet to be identified and placed on the tree. Sauer had thirty-seven PhD graduates in geography at Berkeley, and one, Darrell Haug Davis, at the University of Michigan. Of Sauer's thirty-eight PhD students, half, or nineteen, pursued dissertation topics involving Latin America (15) or the Caribbean (4). The common perception is that Sauer's students, and their subsequent descendants, primarily focused on Latin America. However, this turns out to be something of a misconception. Preliminary compilation and tabulation of dissertation data on the "total" Sauer tree suggests that, at most, one third (about 320) of the dissertations fall into the Latin America and the Caribbean category. North America based dissertations are actually the largest group, with about 380 dissertations. About seventy dissertations lack a regional focus, about sixty treat sub-Saharan Africa, and South Asia and Europe about fifty each. North Africa and the Middle East are the scenes of about twenty-five dissertations, East Asia of about twenty, and Southeast Asia and Australia/New Zealand/Oceania of about fifteen each. Russia, Central Asia, and the global scope have about five dissertations each. Once the total tree is completely filled-out, it is likely to constitute the largest number of academic advisee "descendants" of any North American geographer. Quite possibly, it is also the largest in the history of geography. Although Latin Americanist dissertations represent less than half of those on the total tree, they almost certainly constitute the largest...

Making a Contribution to Entrepreneurship Research by Studying Crowd-Funded Entrepreneurial Opportunities

This editorial outlines our perspective on the state of literature as well as suggestions for new contributions to entrepreneurship research in the area of crowd-funded opportunities. Our aim is, first, to outline what we see as best practices for research on crowd-funded entrepreneurial opportunities. Second, we aim to solicit additional articles for the Virtual Special Issue (VSI) on “Crowd-Funded Entrepreneurial Opportunities” in Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice. In contrast to typical editorial articles associated with special issues, we take a prospective approach and outline what we hope (and expect) to see in the literature in the future. Put differently, we are not going to summarize a subset of articles that have been accepted for publication—rather, we are going to delineate the subset of articles to be written that we would, ideally, like to see submitted to top-tier entrepreneurship journals in order to advance the literature. Along the way, we will describe best practices that we anticipate can elevate research in this burgeoning area of inquiry.

The digitalization of operations and supply chain management: Theoretical and methodological implications

AbstractThe digitalization of intra‐ and inter‐organizational processes offers significant opportunity for research in the field of operations and supply chain management (OSCM). This essay summarizes the contributions of the special issue articles, highlighting their focus on additive manufacturing and the encapsulation of design and production information in a digital artifact. We conceptualize the digital artifact as containing the digital genes of the associated physical object. Digital encapsulation thus involves the integration of product design information with additional information on how that design is to be translated into a physical object, delivered to the customer, and used. Building on insights from the special issue articles, we identify three pathways by which digital encapsulation affects OSCM practice, as well as theory elaboration and extension. First, digital encapsulation allows each unique digitally encapsulated artifact to be acted on independently by OSCM systems. Second, digital encapsulation enables the redistribution of activities across organizational and geographic landscapes. Third, digital encapsulation facilitates interactivity of the digital artifact with external environment inputs. We conclude with a number of directions for future research.

Commentary on the Null Results Special Issue

This commentary summarizes the three special issue articles by Robin Jacob et al., Heather Hill and Anna Erickson, and Jimmy Kim and discusses a number of broader questions and considerations for the program evaluation field that arise from those articles.

The Hypothesis of Change from Above in the History of English: State of the Art and Perspectives

Abstract The present paper presents the state of the art of research related to hypothesized changes from above in the diachrony of English. A main aim of the paper is to show how the cooperation of various perspectives can open new directions in the research of language change. We examine the main aspects of a definition of the change from above. We investigate the various perspectives through which the concept of change from above, as an “importation of elements from other systems” (Labov 2007), has been considered a significant factor for the development of English. We show that any attempt to investigate the presence or role of change from above includes the parameters of prestige, distribution of old and new forms, diffusion, gender, and linguistic ideology. Finally, we discuss typical examples of development of patterns and characteristics of English that have been analyzed as influenced by change from above, as well as the prestige dialects / languages and contexts that have been regarded as facilitating a hypothesized change from above (Latin, Anglo-Norman, standardization, prescriptivism, networks and individuals). We argue that the articles of the present special issue provide stable criteria that are required in any attempt to test the hypothesis of change from above in the development of English.

Afterword

Philip Steadman’s epilogue suggests that the copying of drawings (and its study) by anthropologists, psychologists, architectural students, and Surrealists is revealing not only of processes of diagrammatization but also of the fact that there is something ‘diagrammatic’ about the way in which designs are represented mentally, which affects how they are seen and altered when they are reproduced. The work of diagrams, not only as visual objects but also as mental processes, is shown by the articles in this special issue to play a central role in fields as diverse as psychoanalysis, anthropology, epidemiology, and biology. More often than not, the synergy between these fields is facilitated, and sometimes catalyzed, by shared diagrammatic practices. As the studies examined in the epilogue demonstrate, diagrams form a privileged visual field of interdisciplinary dialogue and exchange. But importantly, they also facilitate a way of information processing—what the editors of this special issue call ‘diagrammatic reasoning’—through which data are processed, presented, and reconfigured in clear and easily assimilated forms.

Tourism tensions and sociolinguistic change

Abstract The articles in the present special issue, Tourism spaces at the nexus of language and materiality, are commented on through the lens of “sociolinguistic change” (Coupland 2014), and four pairs of relations: modernity and tradition; de- and re-centering of languages; elite and mass tourism; profit and prejudice. Brief concluding remarks touch on the relationship between the symbolic and material aspects of language.

Advancing the Frontiers in Ethnic Entrepreneurship Studies

AbstractThe proliferation of ethnic entrepreneurship varies not only from country to country, but also from sector to sector, from city to city, and – within cities – from neighbourhood to neighbourhood. In evaluating the interrelationship of ethnic entrepreneurship and urban governance, we discuss three specific points: ethnic variety and varieties; spatial levels in opportunities and constraints; and urban governance and institutions. In analysing the literature and positioning the four special issue articles in a spatiality‐governance framework, we identify ‘roads less travelled’. Finally, we suggest scholars to move forward along five distinct pathways.

Migrants, Migration Policies, and International Business Research: Current Trends and New Directions

Migrant and migration policy (MMP) issues have often influenced important international business (IB) research questions, but the last 20 years have seen the emergence of new or “renewed” MMP issues tied to changes in migrant demographics, wealth, skills, home-country provenance, host-country attitudes, and international governance. Articles in the inaugural special issue of the Journal of International Business Policy address those issues, connect them to classic IB research questions, and then develop theory and evidence to inform current IB scholarly debates and guide IB executives, investors, and the public policy-makers overseeing those business activities. Our introductory article provides an overview of new and renewed MMP issues addressed in the special issue. It defines foundational MMP concepts and trends, compares classic IB and current MMP research questions, summarizes the eight articles included in the special issue, and offers suggestions for advancing research in both fields.

Migrants, migration policies, and international business research: Current trends and new directions

Migrant and migration policy (MMP) issues have often influenced important international business (IB) research questions, but the last 20 years have seen the emergence of new or “renewed” MMP issues tied to changes in migrant demographics, wealth, skills, home-country provenance, host-country attitudes, and international governance. Articles in the inaugural special issue of the Journal of International Business Policy address those issues, connect them to classic IB research questions, and then develop theory and evidence to inform current IB scholarly debates and guide IB executives, investors, and the public policy-makers overseeing those business activities. Our introductory article provides an overview of new and renewed MMP issues addressed in the special issue. It defines foundational MMP concepts and trends, compares classic IB and current MMP research questions, summarizes the eight articles included in the special issue, and offers suggestions for advancing research in both fields.

Child Witness Research from a Children’s Rights Perspective

A children’s rights perspective illuminates and informs child witness research, sometimes in unexpected ways. In this commentary, I outline what a children’s rights perspective can contribute to the study of child witnesses, and tackle the question of how to define what children’s rights are. A discussion of each of the articles in this remarkable special issue highlights research findings and challenges, the applications of children’s rights, and future directions for the field.

Recent advances in management strategy evaluation: introduction to the special issue “Under pressure: addressing fisheries challenges with Management Strategy Evaluation”

Management strategy evaluation (MSE) is an increasingly popular tool for developing, testing, and implementing fisheries management regimes, oftentimes utilizing participatory modeling. This special issue, “Under pressure: addressing fisheries challenges with Management Strategy Evaluation”, includes eleven articles highlighting cutting edge MSE approaches and perspectives on improving stakeholder engagement. The special issue is the culmination of a two-session MSE symposium held during the 147th American Fisheries Society Annual Meeting in Tampa, Florida. We summarize the themes from the symposium and special issue articles. Contributions demonstrated that important strides have been made in quantifying and exploring risk (by including more sophisticated multispecies and socioeconomic components), developing and testing data-limited harvest control rules, acknowledging and diagnosing limitations of MSE (e.g., identifying exceptional circumstances), and dealing with issues of stakeholder engagement and dimensionality (e.g., determining appropriate representation, communication techniques, and participation levels). Although MSE is a not a panacea for marine policy and resource utilization issues, it is a useful tool for implementing co-management regimes that should become increasingly robust as the multidisciplinary nature of MSE processes continues to expand.

The organizational design of entrepreneurial ventures

AbstractResearch SummaryStudying the organizational design of entrepreneurial ventures involves investigating how entrepreneurs design the (formal) structure of their ventures as well as the roles, rules, and procedures that those who are active within these ventures must obey. The topic lies at the intersection of entrepreneurship with multiple fields, including organization science, organizational economics, and strategic management. However, to date, it has attracted limited attention. This special issue includes six articles that develop novel theory and provide new empirical evidence on the antecedents and consequences of the organizational design of entrepreneurial ventures. Collectively they offer fresh perspectives on this neglected topic and open avenues for future work. In this article, we briefly describe the state of the field, introduce the articles, and suggest opportunities for further research.Managerial SummaryThere are countless how‐to guides for entrepreneurs describing start‐up legal structures, incubation and acceleration opportunities, and financing options. Conversely, there is relatively little guidance for how entrepreneurs should design their organizational structure, decision systems, and managerial practices. This special issue contains six articles addressing the organizational design of entrepreneurial ventures from multiple perspectives and with diverse methods. This introduction describes the state of the field prior to the special issue, introduces the special issue articles and identifies topics that still need further investigation. We distill the current state of knowledge and offer a roadmap for future scholarship.

Vitamin D and Skeletal Muscle: Emerging Roles in Development, Anabolism and Repair.

This special issue article will focus on morphologic and functional roles of vitamin D in muscle, from strength to contraction to development and ageing and will characterise the controversy of VDR's expression in skeletal muscle, central to our understanding of vitamin D's effects on this tissue.

Additional articles of special issue on Real-time image watermarking and forensics in cloud computing

Additional articles of special issue on Real-time image watermarking and forensics in cloud computing

Cover Image, Volume 32 Issue 4

The cover image is based on the Special Issue Article Local hyperthermia cleared multifarious viral warts in a patient with Cushing's syndrome by Ming-Han Mu et al., https://doi.org/10.1111/dth.12815. Cover design credit: Rui-Qun Qi. Photo credit: Min-Han Mu and Yi-Ning Wang. Institution credit: The First Hospital of China Medical University.