Specific Geographical Locations Research Articles

Reckoning with Digital Inequity in Place-Based Community Revitalization

Place-based community development in America has a rich history. Practices and procedures for successful redevelopment are supported by lobbying efforts, public administration, policy, federal funding, and the efforts of non-profits dedicated to neighborhood revitalization. Community revitalization work is often centered around specific geographic locations, while in recent decades modern technology has caused social networks to become increasingly geographically disparate. Social networks have been demonstrated to support the economic mobility that community development strives to create. However, the impact of modern technology on place-based community development has not been clearly understood. Increasing digitalization has impacted the effectiveness of place-based social equity efforts such as community organizing, affordable housing and economic development, and financial capability interventions. This essay explores how place-based community organizing led to the creation of current policies that govern community development, how technology has impacted urban communities and how these changes may subsequently affect social equity objectives in public administration.

Analysis of the factors which may have influenced the incidence of congenital malformations in children born in the province of Warmia and Mazury between 1999 and 2000

<b>Introduction.</b> Congenital malformations have been known about for ages, but the reasons for their development have always been shrouded in mystery. All efforts to explain such reasons as to relating to the natural forces of God’s revenge have not stood the test of time. Still, the knowledge concerning the aetiology of malformations is not complete; we know, however, about many factors which may contribute to their development during various stages of embryogenesis. <b>Aim.</b> The aim of this paper is the analysis of specific factors which may have contributed to the development of congenital malformations in children born in the Province of Warmia and Mazury between the years 1999 and 2000. <b>Materials and methods.</b> The author of this paper, who is involved in the creation of the Polish Register of Congenital Malformations (PRCM), evaluated case records of newborns who had been reported to have been born with congenital malformations. The data recorded in this Register, maintained by the Chair and Department of Medical Genetics at the Medical Academy (at present Medical University) in Poznań, was verified by specialists, and later analysed according to the methodological principles of this work. The analysis included: fetal age and birth weight, mother’s age and education, as well as mother’s place of residence. Statistical analysis was carried out by means of Statistica v.6.1 software. <b>Results and discussion.</b> Congenital malformations were found in 276 boys, with a malformations incidence factor of 166.8/10000 for boys, and in 212 girls, the malformations incidence factor being 136.2/10000 for girls. The higher incidence of congenital malformations in boys was caused by a nearly 10 times higher incidence of urinary system defects. The incidence of congenital malformations in newborns whose mothers resided in cities amounted to 132.9/10000 of newborns born in cities. The incidence of congenital malformations in newborns of mothers residing in the country was 141.9/10 000 of newborns born in the country. It was also noted that the incidence of congenital malformations was 2–3 times higher in children with low birth weight in comparison to the general population. The highest incidence of congenital malformations was found in those children whose mothers were 35 years of age or older at the time of giving birth. Advanced maternal age was the most significant factor in the development of malformations caused by chromosome aberrations. Creating a district map presenting the incidence of malformations may be the first step to further research concerning those specific geographical regions at high risk of congenital malformations. The highest incidence, irrespective of the type of malformation, was observed in the districts of: Mrągowo, Ostróda and Braniewo, whereas the lowest was found in the districts of: Ełk, Olecko and Gołdap, and Giżycko. <b>Conclusions.</b> Having analysed all pertinent data, it was then concluded that: 1. Male sex correlates with the incidence of congenital malformations of the genitals. 2. Low birth weight correlates with an increased incidence of congenital malformations. 3. The incidence of congenital malformations in particular districts is diversified, pointing to the significance of necessary further research in order to identify those specific geographical locations having the highest malformations incidence factors.

Spatial and Temporal Changes and Driving Factors of Desertification Around Qinghai Lake, China

The area around Qinghai Lake is one of the most serious desertification areas on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. In this paper, combined with field investigation and indoor analysis, the classification and grading system of desertification around Qinghai Lake was established. On this basis, through remote sensing data processing and parameter inversion, the desertification monitoring index model was established. Based on the analysis of Landsat-5/TM remote sensing data from 1990 to 2020, the dynamic change characteristics of desertification land around Qinghai Lake in recent 30 years were obtained. The results show that the desertification area around Qinghai Lake was 1,359.62 km2, of which the light desertification land was the main one. The desertification spread in a belt around Qinghai Lake, concentrated in Ketu sandy area in the east, Ganzi River sandy area in the northeast, Bird Island sandy area in the northwest, and Langmashe sandy area in the southeast. From 1990 to 2000, the annual expansion rate of desertification around Qinghai Lake was 2.68%, the desertification spread rapidly, and light desertification land was the main part of desertification expansion. From 2000 to 2010, the annual expansion rate of desertification was only 0.83%, but severe desertification land and moderate desertification land developed more rapidly than in the previous period. From 2010 to 2020, the annual expansion rate of desertification was 2.66%, and the desertification was spreading rapidly, mainly with moderate desertification land and light desertification land. In the process of desertification land transfer around Qinghai Lake, the transfer of desertification land and non-desertification land was the main, accompanied by the mutual transformation of different levels of desertification land. The process of desertification around Qinghai Lake was essentially the result of natural and human factors. The special geographical location, climate changes, rodent damage, and human factors around Qinghai Lake were the main causes of desertification.

The impacts of pandemic on urban housing prices: evidence from the outbreak of COVID-19 in Beijing, 2020

PurposeThe COVID-19 pandemic has significantly raised economic risk and uncertainty worldwide. How does COVID-19 affect urban housing markets? Is there any difference when different areas encounter COVID-19? This study aims to investigate the impacts of the pandemic on housing prices by using Beijing’s housing markets data in 2020.Design/methodology/approachThe authors use transaction-level data from April to September in 2020 to conduct a hedonic price analysis of the housing markets in Beijing. The data included 70,843 transactions scraped from a real estate agent’s website. The authors use the difference-in-differences approach to evaluate the impacts of the COVID-19 outbreak from the Beijing Xinfadi market (the largest and most important food wholesale market in Beijing) in 2020.FindingsThis outbreak of COVID-19 caused a 6.3% drop in housing prices in Beijing from April to September in 2020. However, the impacts of COVID-19 on housing prices in different urban neighbourhoods were spatially heterogeneous. Housing prices in neighbourhoods with industries that rely on face-to-face communication were more affected by the pandemic, while those that can work remotely were less affected.Originality/valueBy investigating the impacts of COVID-19 on housing prices in Beijing, this study illustrates that urban housing prices would be impacted by the pandemic, at least in the short term. While the rise and fall of housing prices were found spatially heterogeneous in Beijing, it suggests that urban neighbourhoods with specific socioeconomic characteristics and geographic locations would unfold different resilience when encountering pandemic. By using data scraping and rigorous statistical tools, the study is probably one of the first ones examining the consequences of COVID-19 in intra-urban housing markets.

Countermeasures for rural domestic wastewater based on ecological environment security: a case study of an MBR-integrated process based on the PVDF@ZrO2 flat membrane, China

Abstract The harmonious coexistence of humans and nature has reached a broad consensus in the world. Maintaining the health of the ecological environment is the foundation of the existence and development of human civilization, and is also the inevitable choice for human beings to deal with the global ecological environment crisis. As an important factor affecting ecological stability, rural domestic wastewater has been neglected and not treated effectively for a long time because of its special geographical location and development limitations. In this paper, an integrated process of an MBR was applied to rural domestic wastewater treatment, inside which the modified PVDF@ZrO2 membrane was used to replace the traditional PVDF membrane. A series of membrane analyses and project follow-ups have proven that the hydrophilicity, anti-fouling performance of the membrane, and the treated water quality were improved. Meanwhile, this research enlightens us to pay attention to the overall planning, the maintenance of the pipe network, and the stable investment of funds in the treatment of rural domestic wastewater.

Neighbourhood environment as a risk factor for adverse health outcomes through association with the microbiome: protocol for a scoping review

IntroductionThe connection of the microbiome to human health intersects with the physical environment of humans. Each microbiome location can be influenced by environmental conditions that relate to specific geographical locations,...

Clinical utility gains from incorporating comorbidity and geographic location information into risk estimation equations for atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease.

There are over 363 customized risk models of the American College of Cardiology and the American Heart Association (ACC/AHA) pooled cohort equations (PCE) in the literature, but their gains in clinical utility are rarely evaluated. We build new risk models for patients with specific comorbidities and geographic locations and evaluate whether performance improvements translate to gains in clinical utility. We retrain a baseline PCE using the ACC/AHA PCE variables and revise it to incorporate subject-level information of geographic location and 2 comorbidity conditions. We apply fixed effects, random effects, and extreme gradient boosting (XGB) models to handle the correlation and heterogeneity induced by locations. Models are trained using 2 464 522 claims records from Optum©'s Clinformatics® Data Mart and validated in the hold-out set (N = 1 056 224). We evaluate models' performance overall and across subgroups defined by the presence or absence of chronic kidney disease (CKD) or rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and geographic locations. We evaluate models' expected utility using net benefit and models' statistical properties using several discrimination and calibration metrics. The revised fixed effects and XGB models yielded improved discrimination, compared to baseline PCE, overall and in all comorbidity subgroups. XGB improved calibration for the subgroups with CKD or RA. However, the gains in net benefit are negligible, especially under low exchange rates. Common approaches to revising risk calculators incorporating extra information or applying flexible models may enhance statistical performance; however, such improvement does not necessarily translate to higher clinical utility. Thus, we recommend future works to quantify the consequences of using risk calculators to guide clinical decisions.

A Bibliometric Analysis of Current Status on Biodeterioration of Cultural Heritage during 2018-2022

Biodeterioration occurs through the availability of biotic and abiotic factors favoring the growth of harmful fungi, bacteria and other microorganisms on cultural heritage. Thus, biodeterioration mechanism has raised a global concern since it is commonly detected on cultural heritage buildings located in specific geographical locations such as southern European countries. This study conducts a bibliometric analysis using VOSviewer and OpenRefine for data cleaning by obtaining data from Scopus database of peer-reviewed publications to provide an overview of scientific literatures on biodeterioration. A total of 537 articles were analyzed within the period of 2018 – 2022 to acquire the current status of biodeterioration issue. 537 documents on biodeterioration were published by 1451 organizations from 68 countries. The co-authorship network map generated the trend of authors in biodeterioration research that identified the most productive author from China and organization from Japan. The co-occurrence network map of the keywords presented the significant interrelations of biodeterioration research field with the development of natural biocides to cope with the colonization of fungi and bacteria on cultural heritage. These results are expected to support the understanding of the intellectual structure of biodeterioration research.

Community-Driven Family Planning in Urban Slums: Results from Rawalpindi, Pakistan.

Pakistan's contraceptive prevalence rate (CPR) has remained static (less than 1% annual increase since 2006) due to several demand and supply issues. The Akhter Hameed Khan Foundation implemented a community-driven, demand-generation intervention with complementary supply side family planning (FP) services in a large urban informal settlement in Rawalpindi, Pakistan. The intervention recruited local women as outreach workers called Aapis (sisters), who conducted household outreach and provided counseling, contraceptives, and referrals. Program data were used to guide in-program corrections, identify the most willing to use married women of reproductive age (MWRA), and target specific geographic locations. The evaluation compared results from two surveys. The baseline survey included 1485 MWRA while the endline included 1560 MWRA that were sampled using the same methodology. A logit model was used with survey weights and clustered standard errors, to estimate the odds of using a contraceptive method. CPR in Dhok Hassu increased from 33% at the baseline to 44% at endline. Long-acting reversible contraceptives (LARCs) usage increased from 1% at baseline to 4% at endline. Increase in CPR is correlated with increasing number of children and education of MWRA and is the highest between the ages of 25 and 39 and for working women. Qualitative evaluation of the intervention provided lessons about in-program corrections using data and empowerment of the female outreach workers and MWRA. The Aapis Initiative is a unique community-based demand-supply side intervention that successfully increased modern contraceptive prevalence rate (mCPR) by economically engaging the women from within the community as outreach workers and enabling healthcare providers to establish a sustainable ecosystem for increasing knowledge and access to family planning services.

Ecological and environmental risks of heavy metals in sediments in Dingzi Bay, South Yellow Sea

As a special geographical location between rivers and oceans, coastal estuaries always face severe heavy metal contaminations, especially in semi-closed bay. In this study, the spatial distribution, chemical fraction, ecological risks, and potential sources of heavy metals (Pb, Cr, Cu, As, Cd, Zn, and Ni) in surface sediments and sediment cores were investigated in Dingzi Bay, Shandong Peninsula. The Igeo values and modified potential ecological risk index (MRI) indicated that Cd and As presented high environmental risks in the surface and sediment cores. The high concentration sites were mainly located in the middle and the mouth of the Dingzi Bay. The source identification indicated that most heavy metals in surface sediments originated from shipping and aquaculture, while As and Ni from industrial pollution. The correlation coefficients showed that high proportion of fine particle, TN, TOC, TP, and AVS in surface sediments could significantly elevate the bioavailability of most heavy metals.

Prediction of Changes to the Suitable Distribution Area of Fritillaria przewalskii Maxim. in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau under Shared Socioeconomic Pathways (SSPs)

The Qinghai–Tibet Plateau has given birth to many indigenous highland plants due to its special geographical location and sensitivity to climate change. Relevantly, the impact of climate change on species distribution has been a hot issue for research in biogeography. Using the maximum entropy (MaxEnt) model, the spatial distribution of habitat suitability for Fritillaria przewalskii Maxim. (FPM) on the Tibetan Plateau was predicted and ranked by combining ecological data and information on its actual current geographical distribution. The potential distribution and trends of FPM on the Tibetan Plateau from 2021 to 2040, 2041 to 2060, 2061 to 2080 and 2081 to 2100 under four current and future climate scenarios (SSP126, SSP245, SSP370 and SSP585) were also predicted. The predictions were found to be highly accurate with AUC values of 0.9645 and 0.9345 for the training and test sets, respectively. A number of conclusions could be drawn from the results. Firstly, the main ecological factors limiting the growth distribution of FPM were the Vegetation types, NPP (net primary production), Soil types, Bio7 (temperature annual range), Pop (population), Slope, GDP, Aspect, Bio1 (annual mean temperature) and Elevation, with a cumulative contribution of 97.6%. Secondly, in the recent past period of 1970–2000, the total suitable distribution area of FPM accounted for 5.55% of the plateau’s total area, which was about 14.11 × 104 km2, concentrated in its eastern and central regions. Thirdly, compared to the previous period, the aforementioned distribution area will, for the period spanning 2021–2040, increase by 14.48%, 16.23%, 16.99%, and 21.53% in the SSP126, SSP245, SSP370, and SSP585 scenarios, respectively. This comes with an overall expansion trend, and the areas predicted to be affected are concentrated in the eastern and central-western parts of the Tibetan Plateau. The other three future periods 2041–2060, 2061–2080, and 2081–2100 also show increases in these total areas to varying degrees. It is noteworthy that in the future periods 2061–2080 and 2081–2100, under the SSP370 and SSP585 scenarios, the area of high suitable distribution decreases or even disappears. Lastly, under the four climate scenarios, the FPM suitable distribution area will shift towards the western part of the Tibetan Plateau.

Computational solar energy – Ensemble learning methods for prediction of solar power generation based on meteorological parameters in Eastern India

The challenges in applications of solar energy lies in its intermittency and dependency on meteorological parameters such as; solar radiation, ambient temperature, rainfall, wind-speed etc., and many other physical parameters like dust accumulation etc. Hence, it is important to estimate the amount of solar photovoltaic (PV) power generation for a specific geographical location. Machine learning (ML) models have gained importance and are widely used for prediction of solar power plant performance. In this paper, the impact of weather parameters on solar PV power generation is estimated by several Ensemble ML (EML) models like Bagging, Boosting, Stacking, and Voting for the first time. The performance of chosen ML algorithms is validated by field dataset of a 10kWp solar PV power plant in Eastern India region. Furthermore, a complete test-bed framework has been designed for data mining as well as to select appropriate learning models. It also supports feature selection and reduction for dataset to reduce space and time complexity of the learning models. The results demonstrate greater prediction accuracy of around 96% for Stacking and Voting EML models. The proposed work is a generalized one and can be very useful for predicting the performance of large-scale solar PV power plants also.

Effect of storage time on the silage quality and microbial community of mixed maize and faba bean in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau.

Tibetan Plateau is facing serious shortage of forage in winter and spring season due to its special geographical location. Utilization of forages is useful to alleviate the forage shortage in winter and spring season. Consequently, the current study was aimed to evaluate the influence of storage time on the silage quality and microbial community of the maize (Zea mays L.) and faba bean (Vicia faba L.) mixed silage at Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. Maize and faba bean were ensiled with a fresh weight ratio of 7:3, followed by 30, 60, 90, and 120 days of ensiling. The results showed the pH value of mixed silage was below 4.2 at all fermentation days. The LA (lactic acid) content slightly fluctuated with the extension of fermentation time, with 33.76 g/kg DM at 90 days of ensiling. The AA (acetic acid) and NH3-N/TN (ammonium nitrogen/total nitrogen) contents increased with the extension of fermentation time and no significantly different between 90 and 120 days. The CP (crude protein) and WSC (water soluble carbohydrate) contents of mixed silage decreased significantly (P < 0.05) with ensiling time, but the WSC content remained stable at 90 days. The Proteobacteria was the predominant phyla in fresh maize and faba bean, and Pseudomonas and Sphingomonas were the predominant genera. After ensiling, Lactobacillus was the prevalent genus at all ensiling days. The relative abundance of Lactococcus increased rapidly at 90 days of ensiling until 120 days of fermentation. Overall, the storage time significant influenced the silage fermentation quality, nutrient content, and microbial environment, and it remained stable for 90 days of ensiling at Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. Therefore, the recommended storage time of forage is 90 days in Qinghai-Tibet Plateau and other cool areas.

Three New Species of Lactifluus (Basidiomycota, Russulaceae) from Guizhou Province, Southwest China.

Lactifluus is a distinct genus of milkcaps, well known as ectomycorrhizal fungi. The characteristics of the genus Lactifluus include grayish-yellow, orange to orange-brown, or reddish-brown pileus, white latex from the damaged lamellae, discoloring to a brownish color, reticulate spore ornamentation, lampropalisade-type pileipellis, and the presence of lamprocystidia. Guizhou Province is rich in wild mushroom resources due to its special geographical location and natural environment. In this study, three novel Lactifluus species were identified through the screening of extensive fungal resources in Suiyang County, Guizhou Province, China, sampled from host species of mostly Castanopsis spp. and Pinus spp. Based on critical morphology coupled with nuclear sequences of genes encoding large subunit rRNA, internal transcribed spacer, and RNA polymerase II, these new species, Lactifluus taibaiensis, Lactifluus qinggangtangensis, and Lactifluus jianbaensis, were found to belong to Lactifluus section Lactifluus. A comparison with closely related species, Lactifluus taibaiensis was distinguished by its lighter-colored pileus, different colors of lamellae, and more subglobose basidiospores; Lactifluus jianbaensis was identified by the height of the spore ornamentation and its subglobose basidiospores; and Lactifluus qinggangtangensis was characterized by having smaller basidiospores, ridges, and pleurolamprocystid.

Occurrence and distribution characteristics of PCBs and PBDEs in farmland soils adjacent to electronic circuit board dismantling ruins

The Nanwan village, a green ecological village in Taizhou city, is used as a recycling area (recycling for heavy metal) for electronic circuit boards and as crushing and stacking sites of waste circuit boards for nearly 20 years from 1980s to 2000s. At present, although the e-waste recycling activities in Taizhou city have been effectively controlled, and many areas polluted by the e-dismantling activities have been gradually remediated except Nanwan village. Nanwan village seems to have been forgotten for its special geographical location, which has attracted our attention because of its ecological and food safety issues. Accordingly, the content of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) in the surface soil around the ruins and four edible agricultural crops were investigated. The main conclusions are as follows: among the four dismantling ruins and surrounding soil samples investigated, the content of Σ20PCBs in vegetable field topsoil of 2(20) is 1,321.3 ± 132.1 μg kg−1; the content of Σ8PBDEs in the paddy soil of 3(1S) is 7,216.9 ± 232.0 μg kg−1; biological toxicity events are likely to occur frequently in 2(20) and 3(1S). PCBs and PBDEs have both horizontal diffusion in distance and vertical diffusion in depth. The lifetime carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic risks of PCBs and PBDEs are at a low risk level, except for the non-carcinogenic risk of PCBs for children in 3(1S). The lifetime carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic risks of PCBs and PBDEs in the edible parts of garlic, ginger, mung beans, and oranges were all at acceptable or negligible levels.

Geographical Indications Laws In India: Issues And Challenges

Geographical Indications (GI) for Products are described as IPR type that typically refers to a nation’s geographical indications. A name like this provides a sense of quality and uniqueness, primarily due to its roots in a specific geographical location, region, or nation. Geographic indicators are protected as an aspect of IPRs under Articles 1(2) and 10 of the Paris Convention regarding the Preservation of Industrial Property. They are also covered by Articles 22 to 24 of the Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPS) Agreement, which was included in the Uruguay Round of GATT discussions’ final agreements.[i] Perhaps as a signatory to the World Trade Organisation (WTO), India passed the Geographical Indications of Goods (Registration and Protection) Act in 1999. GI is an essential intellectual property right used in commerce to indicate the source of the goods. The inability to accomplish the goal is due to a lack of knowledge among GI stakeholders and the absence of qualitative check procedures.

LakeCoSTR: A tool to facilitate use of Landsat Collection 2 to estimate lake surface water temperatures

AbstractAlthough remote sensing of lake surface water temperature has been ongoing for decades and has led to important discoveries regarding the warming of lake surface temperature in some regions, the ability to access and use remote sensing data is still primarily limited to remote sensing experts. Effective use of remote sensing data involves technical skills in coding (often in multiple programming languages), application of appropriate atmospheric corrections, and integrating spatially heterogeneous remote sensing data with in situ data obtained at specific geographic locations. To improve access to remote sensing data and broaden the understanding of changes in lake surface water temperature over the past four decades, we created lakeCoSTR (lake Collection 2 Surface Temperature Retrieval), a user‐friendly, cloud‐based script that gives ecologists lacking specialized training in remote sensing the ability to access the Landsat Collection 2 temperature estimates for lakes with a surface area of at least 0.4 ha. Additionally, if in situ data are provided, a paired dataset can be created within the tool. To demonstrate lakeCoSTR, we retrieved surface water temperature data for a lake with a long monitoring history, Lake Sunapee, NH, USA, and compared long‐term surface temperature trends between data obtained via lakeCoSTR and in situ measurements. When compared with Landsat Collection 1 temperature estimates derived from a single‐channel algorithm, the Landsat Collection 2 data from lakeCoSTR required no calibration to in situ data. This suggests that lakeCoSTR can be used to document temporal trends in lakes and to reprocess analyses that relied on Collection 1 data. From 1983 until 2020, remotely sensed surface water temperature estimates at Lake Sunapee increased by 0.07–0.09°C year−1 during July and August, a trend that agreed with long‐term in situ record. As climate change continues to impact freshwater systems, a better understanding of long‐term temperature data will be vital. Remotely sensed data, like those acquired using lakeCoSTR, may provide a window into temperature trends for lakes.

黄河流域植被格局变化对水分利用效率的影响

PDF HTML阅读 XML下载 导出引用 引用提醒 黄河流域植被格局变化对水分利用效率的影响 DOI: 10.5846/stxb202201040020 作者: 作者单位: 作者简介: 通讯作者: 中图分类号: 基金项目: 国家自然科学基金专项项目(42041005, U2243203);第二次青藏高原科学考察研究项目(2019QZKK0304) Characteristics of water use efficiency during the changing process of vegetation in the Yellow River Basin Author: Affiliation: Fund Project: 摘要 | 图/表 | 访问统计 | 参考文献 | 相似文献 | 引证文献 | 资源附件 | 文章评论 摘要:黄河流域横跨3个气候带,是全球人类活动最为强烈的地区之一,特殊的地理位置和复杂的下垫面导致其碳-水循环过程较为复杂。研究黄河流域碳水循环不仅是区域水资源利用的基础,也是实现气候变化条件下双碳目标的关键。水分利用效率(WUE)作为表征碳水过程的重要指标,可用于反映生态系统碳水耦合规律及其相互作用关系。基于此,利用全球陆表特征参量数据(GLASS)的净初级生产力(NPP)和蒸散(ET)产品以及中国逐年土地利用与覆盖数据集(CLUD-A),分析了黄河流域植被格局变化背景下WUE在1990-2018年的时空变化特征及其驱动力。结果表明:(1)黄河流域全域WUE在29 a的均值处在0.18-1.53 g C/kg H2O之间,存在明显的空间异质性,上游地区WUE明显高于中下游地区,分别在0.66-0.92 g C/kg H2O和0.43-0.62 g C/kg H2O之间波动,二者均存在波动上升态势。(2)黄河流域全域WUE在以2000年为中间点的10 a的增速达到近29 a的峰值,流域植被格局变化所带来的流域内NPP与ET变化速率的异步性主导了WUE变化的空间异质性,其中81.10%的区域中WUE所呈现的增加趋势是由NPP增速高于ET增速所导致。(3)黄河流域全域WUE在未来会继续保持增加态势,且上游WUE增加的持续性强于中下游地区。 Abstract:The Yellow River Basin spans three climatic zones and is one of the regions of the most intense human activities in the world. The carbon-water cycle is complicated due to its special geographical location and the underlying surface. The study of the carbon-water cycles in the Yellow River Basin is not only the basis of regional water resource utilization but also the key to achieve dual carbon targets in the context of climate change. However, there are few reports about the carbon-water cycle at the whole basin scale. Water use efficiency (WUE), as an important indicator of carbon and water processes, can reflect the coupling law of carbon and water and their interaction in an ecosystem. Based on Net Primary Productivity (NPP) and Evapotranspiration (ET) data from GLASS and China's annual land-use/cover datasets, the temporal and spatial variation characteristics of WUE in the Yellow River Basin from 1990 to 2018 were analyzed, and the relationship between WUE, NPP and ET was discussed. The results are as follows: (1) the mean value of WUE in the Yellow River Basin was between 0.18 and 1.53 g C/kg H2O in 29 years. There was obviously spatial heterogeneity. The WUE in the upper reaches of the Yellow River Basin fluctuated in 0.66-0.92 g C/kg H2O and 0.43-0.62 g C/kg H2O in the middle and lower reaches, and both of them had a rising trend of fluctuation. (2) In the Yellow River Basin, the growth rate of WUE reached a peak during 1995-2014, which is the decade with the year 2000 as the midpoint. The spatial heterogeneity of WUE was generated by the desynchrony of NPP and ET changes. Over 81.10% of the Yellow River Basin showed an increasing trend of WUE because the growth rate of NPP was higher than that of ET. (3) WUE in both the upper, middle and lower reaches will continue to grow in the future. In addition, the increase of WUE in the upper reaches is more persistent than that in the middle and lower reaches. 参考文献 相似文献 引证文献

Enabling multimodal cross-border journey planning in the EU

Many online multimodal journey planners already exist, but they are usually limited to a specific geographical location or mode. There is a need to develop door-to-door, cross-border and multimodal solutions to provide a seamless user experience. This paper develops a novel solution using a recently established Open Journey Planner (OJP) standard supporting open and distributed journey planning. The OJP4Danube concept is presented, where the system architecture, the connection of different local journey planning services, and the proposed user interface are discussed. Key features to include are defined, particularly those related to enabling the combination of micromobility modes (e.g. cycling and walking) together with available public transport routes. This approach is one of the pioneer works in this field testing the applicability of the OJP standard in a realistic environment.

Design and Implementation of Power Communication Optical Cable Account Management System Based on GIS Technology

At present, the management mode of optical cable account data is mainly based on the traditional manual document entry method, and the electronic forms, CAD drawings, electronic documents and other types are used for manual recording. This method not only has large workload and low accuracy, but also can not accurately record the specific geographical location of the optical cable, thus affecting the efficiency of the operation and maintenance personnel in troubleshooting. There is an urgent need for a set of auxiliary system to facilitate the management of optical cable account data, so as to improve the efficiency of optical cable account management and optical cable operation and maintenance. On the basis of the existing new technology, the operation mode and information management mode of the power cable are analyzed to make the relevant data flow direction. This paper introduces a set of power communication optical cable account management system based on GIS to meet the needs of relevant users, combining the current status and requirements of optical cable account data management.The system can implement a comprehensive management of the communication optical cable, including the operation, maintenance, overhaul and accident management of the optical cable, which plays a positive role in improving the operation and management level of the optical cable.