Special Forces Research Articles

Owner Estimate of Rig Contracts in Oil and Gas Business According to Legal Certainty Principles

<p>As one of the vital and strategic natural resources and vital role that impact society, oil and gas is one of state revenue sources to support national development. To implement Article 33 of the 1945 Constitution, to obtain people welfare and prosperity, Oil and Gas Law No 22, 2001 mandated Special Task Force for Upstream Oil and Gas Business Activities to oversee upstream activity done by oil and gas contractors. Contractors conduct rig procurement processes with their Owner Estimate in alignment to Presidential decree No 12, 2021 and Summary of Procedural Guidelines of 007, 2017.By this reason, legal certainty is needed to deal with problems at implementation level. Two legal issues research, regulation and preparation implementation of Owner Estimate Value in Rig contract. The research analysis is using normative juridical which are supported by empirical studies. Owner Estimate preparation guidelines provide multiple interpretations, inconsistencies and a legal vacuum. In practice, problems related to aspects of legal certainty, Owner Estimate offers are not confidential and/or confidential, extreme price cut due to offers below 80% of Owner Estimate are being allowed, the existence of negotiations even though the price offer is already the lowest and below Owner Estimate . It opens for conspiracy in the procurement. It is necessary to amend Perpres and Procedural Guidelines of Special Task Force for Upstream Oil and Gas Migas Number 007 achieving compliance to the principles of agreement, legal certainty and fair business. Regulation change will provide legal certainty, efficiency and effectiveness so Special Task Force for Upstream Oil and Gas Migas, oil and gas contractors and Rig Providers can conduct upstream business activities properly, optimally to support Indonesian social welfare.</p><div> </div>

ACR Presidential Address: Rheumatologists-Folks You Can Trust.

ACR Presidential Address: Rheumatologists-Folks You Can Trust.

Pantoum for a Veteran of the Great War

“Pantoum for a Veteran of the Great War” is a poem (a pantoum) crafted from quotes from First World War British servicemen taken from interviews housed in the Imperial War Museum archives and used in the 2018 documentary film, “They Shall Not Grow Old,” directed and produced by Peter Jackson. The pantoum also draws on content from a November 11, 2018 National Public Radio broadcast on the hundredth anniversary of the Armistice of November 11, 1918, which featured a recording of Fenton Caldwell, a World War 1 U.S pilot, describing what the Armistice meant to him. “I Never Talked About it After the War” is a villanelle about the author’s uncle, a Korean War veteran whose POW status and valor as a U.S. Army sergeant in U.N. Special Forces during the war were unknown until after he died.

I Never Talked About it After the War

“I Never Talked About it After the War” is a villanelle about the author’s uncle, a Korean War veteran whose POW status and valor as a U.S. Army sergeant in U.N. Special Forces during the war were unknown until after he died.

CREATION AND COMBAT ACTIVITIES OF STRIKING UNITS AND REVOLUTIONARY BATALIONS OF THE RUSSIAN ARMY ON THE MATERIALS OF THE MILITARY PRINT OF 1917

The article is devoted to the issue of the coverage in the military periodical press of attack units and revolutionary battalions - special combat formations that arose in the Russian Army in the spring of 1917. The former were recruited exclusively from the active army, while the latter were recruited from both logistic units and civilian volunteers. In the course of the study, the author analyses what information about the attack units and the revolutionary battalions was published in the military newspapers and concludes that its versatility made it possible to cover their establishment, existence and combat activity in sufficient detail. On the one hand, the newspapers provided detailed information on the organization of the revolutionary battalions. In particular, materials were printed about the procedure for joining these groups and support for volunteers. Moreover, letters and telegrams of military personnel were published in which they expressed their desire to join «parts of death». In addition, counter-insurgency telegrams and orders from the High Command were regularly published concerning the emergence of new attack units and the activities of existing ones. On the other hand, attention was paid in the military press to reflecting the controversy over the advisability of the existence of such combat units, which had flared up in the Russian army. In this connection, military newspapers have published collective decisions by groups of soldiers, personal letters from soldiers and officers, and interviews with women‘s death battalion volunteers on their motives for joining the volunteer movement. Finally, a wealth of information was provided in the army press about special combat forces - the women‘s death battalions.

을묘왜변 제주 대첩의 재조명과 역사적 의의

Eulmyo Japanese Invasion occurred in May 1555(King Myeongjong 10), Japanese raiders with about 70 ships invading on the south coast of Jeollanam-do province. They gathered off the coast of Jeju Island on June 21 of the same year after retreating from Jeolla-do to great damage. About 1,000 Japanese raiders with 40 ships headed straight to Jeju Castle through Hwabukpo port on June 27. There was a three-day battle between Dongsung(east gate) of Jeju Castle and Sanjicheon stream(Namsugak). At that time, Kim soo-moon, a Jeju minister, made the first strike, selecting 70-member special forces(驍勇軍). Four of them including Kim jik-son, Kim sung-jo, Lee hi-joon, Moon si-bong swept the enemy lines riding horses and Kim mong-keun shot an enemy general down with an arrow. Since then, the people of Jeju were standing a good chance of winning and had a great victory, cutting many Japanese pirates off their throats and capturing them. This was not just Jeju’s victory, but it resulted in the final victory of Eulmyo Japanese Invasion in Joseon Dynasty. It played a major role in East Asian peace settlement at that time.

The Vietnam War in Cormac McCarthy’sNo Country for Old Men

ABSTRACTCormac McCarthy’s ninth novel No Country for Old Men is at points a thriller, a shoot-em-up, a novel of violence, a novel of the Border Southwest, but at its heart, it is a novel of the Vietnam War. Set in 1980, the text is populated by veterans of the war in Vietnam, and even those not explicitly identified as such carry the Vietnam War in their person and psyche. Llewelyn Moss and Carson Wells are sniper and Special Forces, respectively, while Anton Chigurh is too trained to be anything but a special operator. All three return from war to participate in war—a war based on the narco-economy and the violence secondary to such. In the work, each of the three uses military-taught skills to survive or not as the author conjoins each veteran’s postwar life with his peri-war training. Subversively, McCarthy creates a fourth Vietnam War veteran though the character of Sheriff Ed Tom Bell, a veteran of World War II. Bell’s psychological makeup, his guilt, his regret, his self-ostracization, is that of the Vietnam veteran. But, while McCarthy creates a novel of the Vietnam War, the Coen brothers’ film of the same title marginalizes the Vietnam War and cuts the theme from the film. The novel could not exist without the Vietnam War, but the film can, and does.

Effects of Size and Shape on the Tolerances for Misalignment and Probabilities for Successful Oriented Attachment of Nanoparticles

Oriented attachment (OA) of nanoparticles is an important pathway of crystal growth, but there is a lack of tools to model OA. Here, we present several simple models that relate the probability of achieving OA to basic geometric parameters, such as particle size, shape, and lattice periodicity. A Moiré-domain model is applied to understand twist misorientations between parallel surfaces, and it predicts that the range of twist angles yielding perfect OA is inversely related to the width of the contact area. This idea is explored further through a surface functional model, which investigates how patterns of crystallographic registration can drive the emergence of complex orientational energy landscapes. The energy landscapes are predicted to possess multiple local minima that can trap particles in imperfect alignments, and these local minima become deeper and more numerous as the contact area increases, which makes OA more challenging for large particles. A second set of models is presented to understand the sequence of events by which two crystallographic faces become coplanar after the collision. We use a central force approximation to predict the odds that two particle faces will attain coalignment when the particles collide with random misalignments, and we show that in the absence of special biasing forces, the probability of attaining alignment on a given face is roughly proportional to its solid angle as viewed from the center of the particle. The model thus predicts that OA is most favorable between well-faceted particles and becomes exceedingly unlikely for large spherical particles that express many microfacets.

Morphological Characteristics and Pulmonary Function of Naval Saboteurs and Ground Special Forces of the Armed Forces of Montenegro

The results of numerous medical and kinesiological studies indicate the existence of differences in pulmonary function in relation to age, body height, and the relationship between certain parameters of body composition. The aim of this study was to determine the state of morphological characteristics and pulmonary function of naval saboteurs and ground Special Forces of the Armed Forces of Montenegro. The sample of participants included 30 naval saboteurs aged 30.3±6 years and 30 members of the ground special forces aged 25.6±5 years. The sample of measuring instruments included 4 indicators each for the evaluation of longitudinal dimensionality, transversal dimensionality, mass and body volume, subcutaneous fat, body composition, and pulmonary function. The central and dispersion parameters of the variables were calculated. The specificities of body composition of the naval saboteurs and members of the ground Special Forces of the AF of Montenegro were determined, while the parameters of lung volume and capacity and the parameters of airway flow indicated an excellent state of their respiratory function. Furthermore, it was determined that the studied members of the armed forces had no individual health risks in the sense of the onset of obesity or obstructive ventilatory defects. The results obtained indicate the need for further studies which would predominantly focus on the impact of individual morphological measurements and parameters of body composition on pulmonary function. This would provide important data both for the armed forces in the sense of improving the training system and the realization of specific tasks, as well as for kinesiology as a science from the aspect of determining certain regularities in the functioning of the human body in specific living and working conditions in the armed forces.

Ancaman Terorisme dan Strategi Penanganannya: Studi Pustaka Strategi Kontra-Terorisme di Kamboja

Various counter-terrorism efforts have been carried out by the Cambodian government, resulting in Cambodia being ranked 135th on the Global Terrorism Index as a country affected by terrorist action with a score of 0.00, meaning there are no more threats or acts of terrorism in Cambodia. This research aims to analyze the counter-terrorism efforts that have been carried out by the Government of Cambodia. This research uses a qualitative research method with a literature study approach. The results of the research show that in Cambodia, there are 7 (seven) terrorist groups, both domestic and foreign, namely: the Khmer Rouge; Cambodian Freedom Fighters /CFF; Khmer Front Movement; the Khmer National Unity Front / KNUF; Khmer National Liberation Front / KNLF; Empire Movement, and the Jemaah Islamiah / JI through the Om Al Qura Foundation. The strategy taken by the Government of Cambodia to address terrorism includes: the formation of counter-terrorism laws, the formation of special counter-terrorism forces and closing access to terrorism financing. In addition, at the ASEAN regional level, the Cambodian government has established cooperation with ASEAN countries in addressing terrorism through information exchange, joint training, and extradition. Meanwhile, at the international level, Cambodia also cooperates in counter-terrorism with the United States and Australia.

The political and cultural inclusion of intra‐state ethnic minorities in Ethiopia: The case of the Qimant of Amhara state

AbstractConflicts between the Qimant community – an intra‐state minority ethnic group endogenous to Amhara state in the Ethiopian federation – and the state’s special police forces have caused hundreds of deaths and the internal displacement of close to 50,000 people. Linked to these conflicts are the Qimants’ demands for recognition as a distinct ethnic community and the establishment of local government in the territories they inhabit; demands which have not received a satisfactory response from the federal or Amhara state government and which officials view with disdain. The situation raises several questions. Do the federal and regional‐state constitutions provide the necessary framework for accommodating intra‐state ethnic minorities such as the Qimant? If they do, why have the two levels of government failed to resolve the Qimant issue peacefully? What institutional mechanisms could they have used to satisfy the demands of the Qimant community? This article seeks to answer these and related questions.

WALANT for hand wound exploration in isolated conditions: Feasibility study

IntroductionMilitary doctors usually deal with hand wound management. Their practice sometimes takes them far from any specialized surgical center. The WALANT could be a powerful tool for doctors operating in nuclear submarines or as part of special forces. This is a comparative, prospective and multicenter study. The hypothesis was that the management of hand wounds by military doctors specifically trained in WALANT and in the surgical exploration of hand wounds allowed a diagnosis as effective as in the FESUM center. Patients and methodsMilitary doctors, usually operating in isolated conditions, were trained at WALANT. Then, this method was used for the exploration of hand wounds in the emergency room, in a center outside FESUM. At the end, two different questionnaires were completed respectively by the patient and the operator. They aimed to assess various criteria such as the overall satisfaction of the patient and the operator, the level of pain felt or the ability of the operator to establish a precise lesion assessment. The results were compared with those obtained under the same conditions by hand surgeons in the FESUM centre. ResultsNo significant difference was found between the two centers in terms of diagnostic capacity, satisfaction, comfort and perceived pain intensity. DiscussionUnder cover of prior training, the WALANT is effective for the exploration of hand wounds by submariner doctors and members of the special forces. Its use makes it possible to establish a precise injury report and this in material and human conditions approaching as closely as possible those of the armed forces on mission. The comfort of the patient remains preserved. ConclusionThe WALANT represents an effective tool for the exploration and lesion assessment of hand wounds outside the FESUM centre. Since emergency conditions are similar to those encountered in operational conditions, its use is also possible in situations specific to military doctors: nuclear submarines, special forces on mission. Level of evidenceIII; comparative study, retrospective, multicentre.

A Review of Verbal and Written Patient Handoffs Applicable to the U.S. Military's Expeditionary Care System.

Long considered a danger point in patient care, handoffs and patient care transitions contribute to medical errors and adverse events. Without standardization of patient handoffs, communication breakdowns arise and critical patient information is lost. Minimal training and informal learning have led to a lack of understanding the process involved in this vital aspect of patient care. In 2017, the U.S. Army commissioned a report to study the process of patient handoffs and identify training gaps. Our report summarizes that process and makes recommendations for implementation. Scoping literature review of 139 articles published between 1999 and 2017 using PubMed, CINAHL, Cochrane, and Medline databases. Verbal tools for handoffs were evaluated against 12 criteria including patient ID, history, current situation, contingency planning, ability to ask questions, ownership, and read back. Written tools were evaluated against a matrix of 126 casualty/treatment attributes. Among verbal communication protocols, the highest scoring handoff mnemonics were HAND ME AN ISOBAR, IPASS the BATON, and I-SBARQ. Among written handoff tools, the highest scoring documents were the Special Operations Forces (SOF) Mechanism, Injuries, Signs, and Treatment (MIST) Casualty Treatment Card and the Department of Defense (DD) Form 1380 Tactical Combat Casualty Care (TCCC) Card. Four critical process elements for patient handoffs and transfers were identified: (1) interactive communications, (2) limited interruptions, (3) a process for verification, and (4) an opportunity to review any relevant historical data. The findings in this review highlight the need for standardized tools and techniques for patient handoffs in the U.S. Military's expeditionary care system. Future research is needed to trial verbal and nonverbal handoffs under field conditions to gather observational data to assess effectiveness. The results of our gap analyses may provide researchers insight for determining which handoffs to study. If standardized handoffs are utilized, training programs should incorporate the four critical elements into their curricula.

Utilizing pharmacogenetics when treating first episode psychosis.

The parents of a 21-year-old man brought him to an emergency psychiatric clinic for disturbed behaviour. He displayed significant hallucinatory behaviour, prominent delusions of persecution involving “special forces” and notable disorganization of speech, and had experienced more than 8 months

The position of the special operations forces soldiers on the so-called global war on terrorism. A survey report

ABSTRACT Operations involving special operations forces are veiled in mystery, and public opinion is usually not well informed. The period of the last twenty years, beginning with the terrorist attacks of 09/11, has been no exception. But occasionally, official reports and the results of investigative journalism are published, very often criticising the actions of special operations forces soldiers. Given the secretive nature of special operations forces, researching these groups is challenging. The paper provides Special operations forces soldiers' views on the so-called global war on terrorism based on their views, observations, and experiences. There are individual opinions present in published testimonies of special operations forces members around the world. However, the research that includes a vast sample of seasoned, Polish special operations forces soldiers is an initial and original attempt to fill the gaps in the academic knowledge of the subject.

On the Question of the Artistic Transmission of Political Death (II)1

The Curfews period of December 2015 to February 2016 in south-eastern Turkey was a time of collective violence in multiple forms, among which the Cizre Basement Massacres are the most known. The period of the general elections in June 2015, until the later and most recent attempt to carry out a military coup in July 2016, covers multiple curfews and military operations in the south-eastern regions of Turkey, and some social media material shared from the region caught international attention and provoked artistic as well as political responses. Zehra Doğan, a Kurdish journalist and artist, modified and re-shared some footage that was first posted in social media accounts of the special forces in Nusaybin and as a result was sentenced to three years in prison. She continued to produce artworks in prison, even though it was ‘prohibited’ for her to draw. She started to use her own body fluids, hair, newspaper, toilet paper, and any other available daily material in the prison to produce works of art. She also produced a series of work with her menstrual blood. For this article, I conducted two thematic one-to-one discussions with Zehra Doğan and studied her series of works produced with menstrual blood within the scope of mimesis and embodiment theories. Further sections of the article discuss: the function of these series of works for her acting out and working through processes of the collective political violence of which she became both a witness and a victim; methods of artistic transmission of political violence both for the artist and for the audience; and the possible ritualistic functions of using blood while producing work of arts in relation to collective political killings.

Association of Physical Domain Participation with POTFF Domains in Special Forces Operators.

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of the physical domain (PD) to improve performance in all the POTFF domains (physical, psychological, social/family, and spiritual) among Special Forces (SF) Operators. This was a cross-sectional study of active SF Operators assigned to the United States Army Special Operations Command (USASOC). Recruitment began in October 2016. Testing began on 1 January 2017, and concluded on 28 February 2020. Participants completed physical testing, blood draws, and questionnaires to determine domain metrics. Means, medians, and proportions were compared by level of participation in the PD. A total of 231 Soldiers participated; n=63 in the control group, n=93 in the <4 days PD/week (PD <4) group, and n=66 in the >4 days PD/week (PD =4) group. The average age was 31 years (range 21-47 y). The average time in the Special Operations Forces (SOF) was 4 years (range 0-19 y). The PD =4 group showed significantly greater overall upper (p=.01) and lower (p=0) body strength, power (p=.01), and positive affect (p=.04). The PD =4 group also had significantly lower anxiety (p=.03), stress (p=.04), and depression (p=.02) than the control group. The PD and psychological domain metrics were most associated with PD participation. This finding is consistent with the goals of the PD, which are to increase physical and mental capabilities and decrease injury recovery time.

Motion Analysis: An Objective Assessment of Special Operations Forces and Tactical Medics Performing Point-of-Care Ultrasound.

Point-of-care ultrasound (POCUS) is commonly employed to image the heart, lungs, and abdomen. Rapid ultrasound for shock and hypotension (RUSH) exams are a critical component of POCUS employed in austere environments by Special Operations Forces (SOF) and tactical medics for triage and diagnosis. Despite its utility, training for POCUS remains largely unstandardized with respect to feedback and markers of proficiency. We hypothesized that motion analysis could objectively identify improvement in medics' performance of RUSH exams. Furthermore, we predicted that motion metrics would correlate with qualitative ratings administered by attending anesthesiologists. A team of civilian and military attending anesthesiologists trained 24 medics in POCUS during a 5-day course. Each medic performed eight RUSH exams using an ultrasound probe equipped with an electromagnetic motion sensor to track total distance travelled (path length), movements performed (translational motions), degrees rotated (rotational sum), and time. Instructors (experts) observed and rated the exams on the following items: image finding, image fine-tuning, speed, final image accuracy, and global assessment. Motion metrics were used to provide feedback to medics throughout the course. Generalized estimating equations were used to analyze the trends of motion metrics across all trials. Correlations amongst motion metrics and expert ratings were assessed with Pearson correlation coefficients. Participants exhibited a negative trend in all motion metrics (p < 0.001). Pearson correlation coefficients revealed moderate inverse correlations amongst motion metrics and expert ratings. Motion analysis was able to quantify and describe the performance of medics training in POCUS and correlated with expert ratings.

Exploring the Preferences of US YouTube Users and Factors Related to YouTube Uploader’s Revenue

YouTube is a mainstream media that is popular with the general public. It has a powerful yet special force that attracts almost all young people who come into contact with it. YouTube permeates every aspect of people’s lives, education, daily life, work, leisure, and entertainment. Everyone can be a professional uploader. It is very important to know how to be a good uploader and what the important elements are related to generating revenue from YouTube. This article uses the top 1000 channels and the top 200 daily YouTube video’s data from September 2020 to January 2022 in the United States to analyze popular categories of channels, and use the YouTube videos and their related data from September 2020 to January 2022 from Ken Jee to analyze uploader characteristics. The dataset of this article is based on YouTube API and the uploader’s release. CRISP-DM method is applicated to exploring the data in Jupyter using Python. In addition, Pearson correlation analysis is used to analyze revenue-related metrics. This paper contains both qualitative and quantitative analyses. In this paper, we found that among the top 1000 most popular uploaders, Entertainment, and Music types are the most popular, with 241 and 222 respectively. The Autos &amp; Vehicles and Travel &amp; Events categories are the least represented, with only 1 on the list. This article also finds out Entertainment, Music, People &amp; Blogs and Gaming type of videos users are most attracted to, the core audience, and their interests. Have strong positive relation with revenue. In addition, watch time (hours), subscribers lost, likes, shares, and dislikes are strongly positively correlated with revenues. Comments are moderately positively correlated with revenues. RPM and CPM almost have no correlation with revenue. This study offers a statistical analysis of the content genre based on a number of categories and details of YouTube users’ interests. This study also demonstrates the variables that might have an impact on YouTube uploaders’ revenue. So that uploaders, researchers, and investors can acquire a rough idea of the impact on YouTube.

Prolonged Casualty Care: Bilateral Above the Knee Amputation in Afghanistan.

Prolonged Casualty Care (PCC) has become an essential component to Special Operations Forces (SOF) pre-mission training. However, it has not regularly been required in recent combat operations with the availability of medical evacuation (MEDEVAC) support. Poor weather conditions at an austere SOF outpost created an emergency unreachable by aeromedical evacuation. Herein, we report a case of an emergency bilateral above-the-knee amputation procedure performed by three Special Forces Medical Sergeants (18D(a), 18D(b), and 18D(c)) and supporting Army medics with minimal telemedicine consult and guidance.