Special Education Centers Research Articles

Western European Musical and Performance Professionalism in Historical-Evolutionary and Social-Cultural Contexts

The purpose of the article is to reveal the regularities of the polymorphism of the Western European music-performance paradigms of professionalism in historical and socio-cultural coordinates from the Middle Ages to the end of the 19th century. The research methodology: source studies for the formation of ideas about the scientific and applied-practical basis of performance principles and educational systems of different eras laid out in treatises, methods, instrumental schools of European thinkers, teachers, and performers-practitioners of the past; retrospective and system-analytical in the selection and analysis of scientific literature; cultural-historical to trace the historical dynamics of musical and performing expertise in the lens of the aesthetic and spiritual superstructure of society. The scientific novelty lies in the fact that the consideration of the problem of epochal changes in performing traditions is carried out contextually. Taking as a basis the definition of the musical professionalism of the performers, their activity as the main profession, provided with relevant skills and knowledge, which is the basis for obtaining a means of livelihood (not a related occupation, a form of leisure, or hobby), the musical and performing forms characteristic of certain historical eras and are relevant to public demands and requirements for specialists in various performing industries. In parallel, methods and means of understanding musical professionalism are considered. Conclusions. The detection of regularities in the evolution of the criteria of performers’ musical professionalism in the historical and sociocultural projection demonstrates a gradual shift from church and court performance to secular (concert and every day) performance. This dictates the polymorphism and adaptability of the category of musical and performing professionalism. At the same time, there were processes of deeper differentiation of individual specialties, improvement of tools, development of a system of special education centres, development of music science from philosophical generalisation to the study of specific practical-executive and special-pedagogical issues. The named objective manifestations of evolution were accompanied by an increased concentration of attention on the personal and individual growth of the performer and their spiritual and intellectual development.
 Key words: musical professionalism, performance practice, public concerts, vocational education, forms of artistic life, evolution.

Burnout, Anxiety and Coping Attitudes in Parents of Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder

Objective: In this study, the relationship between burnout level, anxiety and coping attitudes of parents with children diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) was examined together with demographic variables. Methods: Relational model was used in the research. The research was conducted with the parents of 180 children diagnosed with ASD. Data were obtained using the Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI), Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI), and the Coping Attitudes Rating Scale (COPE). T Test, One Way Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) and Pearson correlation analysis were used in the analysis of the data. Results: In the research findings, it was observed that the burnout level of the parents differed according to the age groups of the autistic children, the number of siblings and the psychiatric disease history of the parents. In addition, it was observed that the anxiety level and coping methods of the parents differed significantly according to the psychiatric illness history of the parents. A strong positive correlation was found between parents' anxiety and burnout levels. A moderate positive relationship was also found between the emotional burnout levels of the parents and their coping levels. Conclusion: It was observed that the levels of anxiety and burnout were lower in parents who used the problem-focused coping method. In addition, it has been observed that parents overcome problems by using problem-focused coping methods and this situation affects their lives positively. In addition, it was observed that parents with high levels of anxiety and burnout used dysfunctional coping methods more.

Development of Specific Learning Disability Screening Scale

It is known that students with Specific Learning Disability (SLD) are noticed because of the difficulties they experience in academic lessons, especially in primary school years. Especially the difficulties they experience in reading, spelling mistakes, problems in arithmetic skills, attention problems, inability in taking responsibility and communication skills attract attention. The scale, which was developed in Turkey in order to identify students suspected of having SLD during the primary school years and between the ages of 8-11, by their teachers, is a five-points Likert type, 7-factors and 39-items measurement tool. The study was carried out with teachers working with students with Special Learning Disability in Ministry of Education and Special Education and Rehabilitation Centers in the 2019-2020 academic year. A total of 401 classroom teachers and special education teachers from Adana, Ankara, Antalya, Bursa, Çorum, Erzurum, Gaziantep, Isparta, İzmir, İstanbul, Kayseri, Konya, Sivas and Trabzon provinces participated in the study. In data analysis, Exploratory Factor Analysis and Confirmatory Factor Analysis were performed and a seven-factors structure was found. It was determined that seven-factors explained 73,224% of the total variance. The factors were as follows: writing process, communication skills, literacy skill, taking responsibility, attention skills, arithmetic skills and skill of recognition the numbers. The Cronbach Alpha coefficient of the scale was 0.963 and the RMSEA value was 0,063.

Analyzing the selected Eurofit test batteries of the children with Down syndrome and autism in the age range of 12-16 and receiving Montessori education

It is aimed in this study to analyze the effects of the Montessori education method on children with Down syndrome and autism having special training who have received and not received Montessori education through the Eurofit test batteries selected for motor skills and physical fitness. A total of 20 male children with Down syndrome and autism in the age range of 12 to 16 and receiving and not receiving Montessori education at two different special education and rehabilitation centers in Kayseri were included in the study. The treatment group included a total of 10 children, 5 with Down syndrome and 5 with autism, and the control group of 10 children, 5 with Down syndrome and 5 with autism. While the volunteers included in the treatment group received Montessori education, those included in the control group received a traditional education. In the study, the volunteers performed the selected Eurofit tests including flamingo balance, plate tapping, sit and reach, handgrip and standing long jump tests. When the results of the Eurofit test batteries of the treatment and control groups were examined, plate tapping and standing long jump test results were found significant in the comparison of the pretest and posttest of the treatment group (p < 0.05). In the pretest and posttest comparison of the control group students, a significant difference was determined in the sit and reach test (p < 0.05). In the posttest comparison of the control and treatment groups, a statistically significant difference was determined between the pretest and posttest measurements of the plate tapping and between the pretest and posttest measurements of the standing long jump (p<0.05). In the pretest comparison of the control and treatment groups, no statistically significant difference was found between the pretest and posttest of flamingo balance, pretest and posttest of plate tapping, pretest and posttest of sit and reach, pretest and posttest of standing long jump and pretest and posttest of handgrip measurements of the control and treatment groups (p>0.05). Consequently, the use of Montessori education materials supports the big and small muscle groups of children with disabilities since most of them learn about an object through touch. In our study, when some activity and motor skills of the children with down syndrome and autism in the special rehabilitation school that uses the Montessori education method were analyzed, it was observed that there was an improvement in their physical activities and some motor skills according to the results of plate tapping, standing long jump and sit and reach tests. It is recommended that education programs can be prepared by using Montessori Approach as part of the education programs applied in preschool education institutions and that they can be used more widely together with traditional education programs.

Impact of Prosocial Behavior and Teacher’s Self-efficacy on School Adjustment of Physically Handicapped Students

The present study was designed to investigate the impact of prosocial behavior and the moderating role of teachers’ self-efficacy on school adjustment of physically handicapped students. To assess the impact of prosocial behavior the sample of physically handicapped students (154 male students and 146 female students) ages ranged 11 to 17 (M = 15. 38, SD = 1.78) was taken from different special education centres in Islamabad and Mardan district of KP. The data were analyzed in SPSS version-26. Findings show that there exists a significant positive relationship between prosocial behavior and school adjustment of physically handicapped students. Furthermore, the results show that if the teacher has high self-efficacy the number of school adjustments will be enhanced. The study has several implications in the special education sector and the daily life of physically handicapped students.

Impact of Prosocial Behavior and Teacher’s Self-efficacy on School Adjustment of Physically Handicapped Students

The present study was designed to investigate the impact of prosocial behavior and the moderating role of teachers’ self-efficacy on school adjustment of physically handicapped students. To assess the impact of prosocial behavior the sample of physically handicapped students (154 male students and 146 female students) ages ranged 11 to 17 (M = 15. 38, SD = 1.78) was taken from different special education centres in Islamabad and Mardan district of KP. The data were analyzed in SPSS version-26. Findings show that there exists a significant positive relationship between prosocial behavior and school adjustment of physically handicapped students. Furthermore, the results show that if the teacher has high self-efficacy the number of school adjustments will be enhanced. The study has several implications in the special education sector and the daily life of physically handicapped students.

IMPACT OF PROSOCIAL BEHAVIOR AND TEACHER’S SELFEFFICACY ON SCHOOL ADJUSTMENT OF PHYSICALLY HANDICAPPED STUDENTS

The present study was designed to investigate the impact of prosocial behavior and the moderating role of teachers’ self-efficacy on school adjustment of physically handicapped students. To assess the impact of prosocial behavior the sample of physically handicapped students (154 male students and 146 female students) ages ranged 11 to 17 (M = 15. 38, SD = 1.78) was taken from different special education centres in Islamabad and Mardan district of KP. The data were analyzed in SPSS version-26. Findings show that there exists a significant positive relationship between prosocial behavior and school adjustment of physically handicapped students. Furthermore, the results show that if the teacher has high self-efficacy the number of school adjustments will be enhanced. The study has several implications in the special education sector and the daily life of physically handicapped students.

IMPACT OF PROSOCIAL BEHAVIOR AND TEACHER’S SELFEFFICACY ON SCHOOL ADJUSTMENT OF PHYSICALLY HANDICAPPED STUDENTS

The present study was designed to investigate the impact of prosocial behavior and the moderating role of teachers’ self-efficacy on school adjustment of physically handicapped students. To assess the impact of prosocial behavior the sample of physically handicapped students (154 male students and 146 female students) ages ranged 11 to 17 (M = 15. 38, SD = 1.78) was taken from different special education centres in Islamabad and Mardan district of KP. The data were analyzed in SPSS version-26. Findings show that there exists a significant positive relationship between prosocial behavior and school adjustment of physically handicapped students. Furthermore, the results show that if the teacher has high self-efficacy the number of school adjustments will be enhanced. The study has several implications in the special education sector and the daily life of physically handicapped students.

Mental Distress, Perceived Stress, and Resilience among Special Students During Covid-19 Pandemic

Background: Almost everyone in society has been affected by the Covid epidemic.However, it has a different impact on individuals who have disabilities or special needs. Aim: To explore the relationship between mental distress, perceived stress, and resilience among special students during the Covid pandemic. Method:Cross-sectional correlational research design was used to investigate the relationship between study variables. The total sample of n=250 special students consisted of 100(40%) females and 150(60%) with having age range from 15 to 30 years. The purposive sampling technique was employed to collect the data by using different research instruments (e.g.,Patient Health Questionnaire, Perceived Stress Scale, and Final Resilience Scale). Results: Results were drawn using correlation and multiple regression analyses. To explore gender differences, an independent t-test was computed. It was concluded that mental distress is negatively correlated with resilience and positively correlated with perceived stress. Pracctical Implication: This research would be helpfulfor the teachers of the special education centers, they train their how they develop resilience hence they may become emotionally stable and deal effectively with any worrisome circumstance well. It will help school administration of the special students’to conduct workshops on the resilience so that students could deal with their mental distress and perceived stress effectively. Conclusion: There was little published research on the variables examined in this study, particularly in Pakistan. To increase the body of knowledge, research on this subject must be done in Pakistan. Keywords: Mental distress, Resilience, Perceived stress, Special students, CovidPendemic.

Mental Distress, Perceived Stress and Resilience among Special Students during Covid-19 Pandemic

Background: Almost everyone in society has been affected by the Covid epidemic.However, it has a different impact on individuals who have disabilities or special needs. People with special needs are more prone to this. Aim: To explore relationship between mental distress, perceived stress and resilience among special students during Covid-19 Method:Cross-sectional correlational research design was used to investigate the relationship between study variables. The total sample of n=250 special students consisted of 100(40%) females and 150(60%) with having age range from 15 to 30 years. The purposive sampling technique was employed to collect the data by using different research instruments Results:Results were drawn using correlation and multiple regression analyses. To explore gender differences, an independent t-test was computed. It was concluded that mental distress is negatively correlated with resilience and positively correlated with perceived stress. PraccticalImplication: This research would be helpfulfor the teachers of the special education centers, they train their how they develop resilience hence they may become emotionally stable and deal effectively with any worrisome circumstance well. It will help school administration of the special students’to conduct workshops on the resilience so that students could deal with their mental distress and perceived stress effectively. Conclusion: There was little published research on the variables examined in this study, particularly in Pakistan. To increase the body of knowledge, research on this subject must be done in Pakistan. Keywords: Mental distress, Resilience, Perceived stress, Special students, Covid Pendemic.

PARENT-TO-PARENT SUPPORT PERCEPTION SCALE FOR FAMILIES WITH CHILDREN WITH DISABILITY: SCALE DEVELOPMENT STUDY

Background: Social support is the entirety of perceptions that make an individual feel that he/she is cared for, loved, trusted and valued within a network of mutual responsibility and communication. Research carried out on the subject of perceived social support have generally focused on how social support reduces or prevents stress and contributes to developing positive coping skills. Purpose: This study was conducted to evaluate the perceptions of the social support that families with children with disability expect from each other and to develop a culture-specific scale for this purpose as a contribution to the literature. Methods: This study was conducted in special education and rehabilitation centers in Zonguldak, Turkey. The study sample consisted of 420 parents who had a child or children enrolled at the centers and who had consented to participate. Data were collected using the Parent-to-Parent Support Perception Scale for Families with Children with Disability. The validity of content and construct was examined to evaluate the validity of the parent-to-parent support perception scale. Cronbach’s alpha was used to assess internal consistency reliability. Results: A 43-item pool of items was created for a 4-point Likert-type scale in the light of the literature in order to assess the support perceptions of parents with children with disability. After content validity was assessed by a panel of eight specialists, the number of items was determined to be 30. In the construct validity testing, the KMO value was 0.91 and Bartlett’s sphericity test resulted in 6134.24 (p = 0.001). The results of the factor analysis indicated a scale with 24 items, four factors, where R2 = 62.33%. The total Cronbach's alpha value for the scale is 0.94. Conclusions: According to the results of the analysis, the developed scale was found to have excellent validity and reliability for families with children with disability. What is currently known? When the literature is examined, there is no measurement tool that measures the perception of support from family to family for families of children with disabilities. What does this article add? The developed scale was found to have excellent content and construct validity and reliability for families with children with disability.

Özel Eğitim Öğretmenlerinin Öğrencileriyle İlgili Sosyal Medya Paylaşımlarının İncelenmesi

Bu araştırmada özel eğitime ihtiyacı olan çocukların kişisel bilgilerinin sosyal medya uygulamalarında paylaşılmasının çocuk hakları bağlamında doğuracağı sonuçlara ilişkin bilgi vermek ve özel eğitim öğretmenlerinin özel eğitime ihtiyacı olan öğrencilerini içeren paylaşımlarını incelemek amaçlanmıştır. Nitel yöntemlerden doküman analizi tekniğinin benimsendiği bu araştırmada Instagram uygulamasındaki herkese açık 52 kişisel hesaptaki 1951 fotoğraf ve 1262 video incelenmiştir. Analizler sonucunda bir ana tema ve dört alt tema belirlenmiştir. Özel eğitime ihtiyacı olan çocukların fotoğraflarındaki ve videolarındaki görsel kimliklerinin çoğunlukla gizlenmediği, yüz ve bedensel özelliklerinin açıkça paylaşıldığı, bunların yanı sıra fotoğraf veya video paylaşımlarının açıklamalar kısmında çocukların adlarının da gizlenmeden yazılı olarak paylaşıldığı sonucuna ulaşılmıştır. Öğretmenlerin özel eğitime ihtiyacı olan çocuklarla kucağına alma, öpme ve sarılma gibi fiziksel temasları olduğu ve fiziksel temasa ilişkin en çok görülen davranışların da bunlar olduğu ortaya çıkmıştır. İncelenen hesaplarda görsel içerikler ile yazılı açıklamaların uyumlu olduğu paylaşımların daha fazla olduğu belirlenmiştir. Son olarak yapılan paylaşımlardaki mekânların büyük çoğunluğunun okul veya özel eğitim kurumlarının bir parçası olan derslik, bahçe, oyun alanı gibi alanlar olduğu belirlenmiştir.

Severe Acute Respiratory Infection-Preparedness: Protocol for a Multicenter Prospective Cohort Study of Viral Respiratory Infections.

Prospective cohort study. Multicenter cohort of patients admitted to an acute care ward or ICU from at least 15 hospitals representing diverse geographic regions across the United States. Patients with SARI caused by infection with respiratory viruses that can cause outbreaks, epidemics, and pandemics. None. Measurements include patient demographics, signs, symptoms, and medications; microbiology, imaging, and associated tests; mechanical ventilation, hospital procedures, and other interventions; and clinical outcomes and hospital stress, with specimens collected on days 0, 3, and 7-14 after enrollment and at discharge. The primary outcome measure is the number of consecutive days alive and free of mechanical ventilation (VFD) in the first 30 days after hospital admission. Important secondary outcomes include organ failure-free days before acute kidney injury, shock, hepatic failure, disseminated intravascular coagulation, 28-day mortality, adaptive immunity, as well as immunologic and microbiologic outcomes. SARI-Preparedness is a multicenter study under the collaboration of the Society of Critical Care Medicine Discovery, Resilience Intelligence Network, and National Emerging Special Pathogen Training and Education Center, which seeks to improve understanding of prognostic factors associated with worse outcomes and increased resource utilization. This can lead to interventions to mitigate the clinical impact of respiratory virus infections associated with SARI.

The road to championship: An example of an individual with autism spectrum disorder

The aim of this research is to investigate the road to championship of an individual with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) who began physical activity in childhood under parental influence and won medals in competition as an athlete. In this research, founded on the phenomenological pattern from qualitative research models, data were collected in a semi-structured interview. Face-to-face interviews were held with the family, coach and the research participant. The content analysis method was used. The individual with ASD began a physical activity program in a special education center in childhood under parental influence and psychiatric referral. The individual with ASD continued in long-term regular physical activity. It was stated that physical activity provided many benefits like socialization, healthy lifestyle, development of motor skills. With the awareness of the individual’s ability for physical activity, they were directed toward a sport with parental support and through a coach. In conclusion, parental influence on physical activity and sport was effective in the individual with ASD to begin. Physical activity and sport also provided many significant benefits, and these benefits were effective in the continuation. The individual was observed to achieve success in their sports discipline as a result of this process.

Anthropometric Indicators of the Cardiometabolic Risk, Muscle Strength, and Functional Capacity of Schoolchildren with Intellectual Disabilities during Lockdown in Chile.

Lockdown due to the COVID-19 pandemic has negatively impacted the social, psychological, and physical well-being of the world population. In the case of people with intellectual disabilities, the impact of lockdown on their physical condition and functionality is not completely clear. This study aimed to determine the effects of COVID-19 lockdown on the anthropometric indicators of cardiometabolic risk, muscle strength, and functionality on schoolchildren with intellectual disabilities. The sample was composed of 132 students of both sexes (n = 74 pre-lockdown; n = 58 lockdown) belonging to two special education centers from the Metropolitan Region of Santiago, Chile. Our results showed significant reductions (p ≤ 0.05) in absolute and relative handgrip strength, as well as in functionality, when comparing pre-lockdown and lockdown measurements, with a greater loss in girls than boys. The design and implementation of physical exercise programs centered on strength training are necessary for the physical and functional reconditioning of this population. These programs need to be implemented in special education centers considering the general well-being, quality of life and work needs of people with intellectual disabilities.

Investigation of Musculoskeletal System Problems and Psychosocial Status of Teachers and Physiotherapists Working in Special Education Centers

Amaç: Bu çalışmanın amacı; özel eğitim ve rehabilitasyon merkezlerinde aktif olarak çalışan öğretmen ve fizyoterapistlerin kas-iskelet sistemi problemleri ile ağrı, iş doyum, mesleki tükenmişlik ve yaşam kalitesi durumlarının incelenmesidir.Yöntem: Çalışmamıza özel eğitim merkezlerinde çalışan 92 öğretmen ve 92 fizyoterapist katıldı. Çalışma yüz yüze görüşmeler şeklinde gerçekleştirildi. Katılımcıların demografik bilgileri kaydedilerek, Kas İskelet Sistemi Sağlık Sorgulaması (KİS-SS), McGill-Melzack Ağrı Anketi, Minnesota İş Doyum Anketi, Maslach Tükenmişlik Anketi ve EuroQol 5D Yaşam Kalitesi Ölçeği anket formları uygulandı.Bulgular: Katılımcıların yaş ortalamaları ve vücut kütle indeksi (VKİ) ortalamaları açısından grupların benzer olduğu belirlendi (p>0.05). Her iki grupta da kadın katılımcı sayısının erkeklerden daha fazla olduğu, cinsiyet dağılımlarının gruplarda farklı olduğu tespit edildi (p<0,05). Meslekte aktif çalışma sürelerinin her iki grupta da benzer olduğu görüldü (p>0,05). Haftalık çalışma sürelerinde ise öğretmenlerin fizyoterapistlerden daha uzun süre çalıştığı belirlendi (p<0,05). Aynı zamanda fizyoterapistlerin yaşam kalitelerinin daha yüksek (p<0,05), ağrı seviyesinin daha düşük olduğu saptanırken (p<0,05); iş doyum, mesleki tükenmişlik ve KİS-SS değerlerinin benzer olduğu bulundu (p>0,05).Sonuç: Çalışmanın sonunda özel eğitimde çalışan fizyoterapist ve öğretmenlerin iş doyumu, mesleki tükenmişlik ve kas-iskelet sistemi sorunlarının benzer olduğu belirlendi. Genel yaşam kalitesinin fizyoterapistlerde daha yüksek olduğu ve öğretmenlerin ağrı skorlarının daha fazla olduğu tespit edildi. Fizyoterapistlerin öğretmenlere göre haftalık çalışma süresinin daha az olması ağrı skorlarının daha az olmasının bir nedeni olabileceği gibi, öğretmenlere göre daha aktif bir çalışma modeline sahip olmaları ve bir sağlık profesyoneli olarak fizyoterapistlerin ağrı yönetimi konusunda bilgi sahibi olmaları da bu sonucun bir nedeni olabilir. Yaşam kalitesinde ortaya çıkan farkın ise ağrı skoruyla ilişkili olabileceğini düşünmekteyiz. İş doyum, mesleki tükenmişlik ve KİS-SS değerlerinin benzer olmasının sebebi olarak aynı merkezlerde çalışan fizyoterapist ve öğretmenlerin benzer sorunlar yaşaması, benzer yöneticilerle çalışması ve benzer tatmin duyguları tatmaları olduğunu düşünmekteyiz.

Quality of life among teachers in special education centers in Riyadh City

This study aimed at measuring the quality of life among teachers in special education centers in Riyadh city in the light of two variables: Teacher’s gender and experience (less than 5 years, from 5-10 years, and more than 10 years). The study sample consisted of (201) teachers from both genders that were chosen in random sampling method. To achieve the objective of the study, the researchers developed a tool to measure the quality of life, which consisted of (36) items. The results of the study indicated that the quality of life in the study sample was average. The results also indicated that there are differences in the quality of life level according to the variable of the teacher’s gender which came in favor of male teachers, and that there are no differences in the quality of life level according to the experience variable. The study recommended encouraging teachers to share necessary experiences with their colleagues ate work and other individuals in surrounding community which shall contribute towards enhancing the quality of life, as well as trying to reduce the teachers' burdens through social support, and improving the level of school community to satisfy the teachers’ needs.

Özel Eğitim ve Rehabilitasyon Merkezlerinde Çocuk Gelişimci Olmak

Bu araştırmada özel eğitim ve rehabilitasyon merkezlerinde çalışan çocuk gelişimcilerin çalışma biçimleri, çalışma koşulları ve yaşadıkları sorunların belirlenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Nitel araştırma yaklaşımlarından fenomenolojik desende yürütülen araştırmada amaçlı örnekleme yöntemi kullanılmıştır. Bu doğrultuda araştırmaya gönüllü olarak dahil olmayı kabul eden 20 çocuk gelişimciye ulaşılmıştır. Veriler araştırmacılar tarafından geliştirilen yarı yapılandırılmış görüşme formu kullanılarak toplanmış ve betimsel analiz yöntemiyle değerlendirilmiştir. Araştırma bulgularına göre çocuk gelişimciler, özel eğitim ve rehabilitasyon merkezlerinde görev tanımlarına uygun olarak çalışamamaktadır. Yoğun çalışma süreleri, düşük maaş, meslek yasası, meslek tanımı ve özlük hakları açısından sorunlar yaşamaktadır. Bununla birlikte çocuk ve aile merkezli çalışmalar yaparak bütüncül bakış açısıyla ekibin önemli bir parçasını oluşturdukları sonucuna ulaşılmıştır.

Ergenlik Döneminde Zihinsel Engelli Çocuğu Olan Annelerin Deneyimlerinin İncelenmesi

Bu çalışmada ergenlik döneminde zihinsel engelli çocuğa sahip annelerin deneyimlerinin incelenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Ergenlik döneminde zihinsel engelli 15 çocuk annesi çalışmaya dahil edilmiştir. Çocuk ve aile hakkında bilgi almak için “Genel Bilgi Formu” ayrıca annelerin yaşam deneyimleri hakkındaki görüşlerini belirlemek amacıyla “Yarı-Yapılandırılmış Görüşme Formu” kullanılmıştır. Araştırma kapsamında elde edilen veriler MAXQDA 2020 programı kullanılarak analiz edilmiştir.Çalışmamızda, annelerin engelli çocuklarının dünyaya gelmesinden ergenlik sürecine kadarki deneyimleri sırasında yaşadıkları en büyük problemin psikolojik rahatsızlıklar olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Annelerin deneyimlediği bu süreç içerisinde mevcut ve geleceğe dair problemler; bilgilendirme eksikliği, bağımsızlık ve gelecekte çocuklarına kimin bakacağı yönünde endişelerinin olduğu vurgulanmıştır. Bazı anneler tarafından, ergenlik döneminin getirdiği değişikliklerin çocuklarının davranışlarında genellikle farklılık yaratmadığı ifade edilirken, bazı anneler bu değişim sürecine uyum sağlamakta zorlandıklarını belirtmişlerdir. Bununla birlikte devlet desteği, eğitim imkânlarının yetersizliği, nitelikli eğitimci sayısının azlığı da yaşanan problemler olarak ifade edilmiştir. Çalışmada, ergenlik dönemindeki zihinsel engelli çocuk ile ilgili bilgilendirme çalışmalarının yapılması ve annelerin sorunlarının giderilmesine yönelik psikolojik destek programlarının oluşturulması önerilmektedir.

Engelli Bireylerin enerji ve besin ögesi alımlarının referans değerler ile kıyaslanması: Kesitsel bir çalışma

Aim: It was aimed to evaluate the daily intake of energy and nutrients to determine the nutritional status of individuals with disabilities.
 Subjects and Method: The study was carried out under the Disability Support Program in 8 special education, practice and rehabilitation centres in the city centre of [removed for blind peer review] as a cross-sectional study. The demographic characteristics and daily energy and nutrient intake levels of individuals with disabilities were questioned. Daily energy and nutrient intake levels were compared with recommendations.
 Results: It has been determined that disabled individuals in all age groups diverged negatively from the reference energy value and the rate of energy of carbohydrates was low, the rate of fat was high. Vitamin A was low in males in the 14-18 age group and high in females in the 19-30 age group. Vitamin B1 in 10-30 years old, folic acid was in ≥10 years of age were low in both genders. Calcium and magnesium were low in both genders in all age groups.
 Conclusion: It has been determined that disabled people were inadequate and unbalanced, and it was thought that periodic evaluation of nutritional status will play an important role in improving their health.