Special Economic Areas Research Articles

Air quality in a revitalized special economic zone at the center of an urban monocentric agglomeration

In this study, we have examined the air quality within a revitalized, post-industrial urban area in Łódź, Poland. The use of Dron technology with mobile measurement equipment allowed for accurate assessment of air quality (particulate matter and gaseous pollutants) and factors influencing air quality (wind speed and direction) on a local scale in an area of 0.18 km2 and altitudes from 2 to 50 m. The results show that the revitalization carried out in the Lodz special economic zone area contributed to eliminate internal air pollution emitters through the use of ecological and effective heat sources. The exceedances permissible concentration values were local, and concerned mainly the higher measurement zones of the troposphere (more than 30 m above ground level). In the case of gaseous pollutants, higher wind speeds were associated with a decrease in the concentration of SO2 and an increase in H2S concentration. In both cases, the wind contributed to the occurrence of local areas of accumulation of these gaseous pollutants in the spaces between buildings or wooded areas.

Navigating digital tourism governance: a case study of branding strategies in the Mandalika special economic zones

The purpose of this research is to analyze how digital Tourism on Branding the Mandalika Special Region in West Nusa Tenggara; this investigation uses a descriptive methodology combined with a qualitative approach, as well as previously published literature and online news sources as well as secondary data obtained from related agencies. Most importantly, take advantage of the Nvivo 12 plus program to analyze the data results. The findings of this study indicate that the use of information and communication technology to promote Special Economic Zones through digital tourism, utilizing platforms such as websites, YouTube, Facebook, TikTok, Instagram, and the West Nusa Tenggara Tourism Office website, is a viable strategy for increasing tourism. Indonesian tourism industry. ITDC and National Council of Special Economic Zones websites. Government Regulation Number 52 of 2014 identifies two main focus topics, namely tourism areas and special economic areas, and prioritizes several initiatives. Development management in accordance with statutory regulations. PP Number 40 of 2021 discusses three important things: human resources and infrastructure, two facilities, and SEZ convenience for three commercial organizations. The finding of human resources and infrastructure is considered to be the main driver for branding the Mandalika Special Economic Zone in this policy.

The existence of local products (production/processing) in special economic area of Mandalika Lombok

The purpose of this study is to dig deeply by doing identification of various local products; develop local product development strategies; and explain the advantages and disadvantages of local products in the Mandalika Special Economic Zone. The research was conducted qualitatively, data were obtained from: literature study; field data, through: in-depth interview (indeptinterview), observation, and documentation. The results of the study: 1) Local products in the Mandalika Special Economic Zone are identified, among others: goods/production products, namely culinary, processing products, such as shrimp paste and chips. 2) Local product development strategy in Mandalika Special Economic Zone: promoting through print and online media, developing products that have appeal, cooperation with sthakeholders, provide adequate facilities and infrastructure, local product development (goods/processing) can implement the marketing strategy. 3) Advantages: have a positive impact on the economic conditions of the community/SMEs; the price is relatively affordable for consumer; the existence of district government regulations, village regulations, local regulations (awiq-awiq). Weaknesses: visitors in the Mandalika Special Economic Zone who rame not every time/day; the raw materials are limited; poor business management; promotion/marketing of local products is still lacking; business capital is relatively small; and lack of counseling and field guidance by relevant agencies.

MANIPULATION OF FLOOD CONTROL CHANNEL PROFILE IN THE KEK LIKUPANG, PANTAI PULISAN, INDONESIA

Flood, erosion, and sedimentation have become classic problems in the river. The two main parameters that significantly affect the phenomenon of flood are flow and sediment. Flood and sediment transport cause aggradation and degradation of the river bed, bring the bad influence to the construction in the river and environment. Therefore, it becomes important to conduct the manipulation of flood control channel profile in the selected area of Special Economic Area (KEK) that is Likupang, Pantai Pulisan. This research intends to obtain the design of channel shape and dimension for controlling the disasters that are influenced by the factors of environment, water resources, and climate change. One of the urgent factors in this research is to produce a design/recommendation for minimizing the negative impact that is triggered by floods and sediment transport, so it causes the disaster of geology and ecology. To reach the research aim, we carried out the survey of the existing conditions for determining the suitability of the analysis that will be used. The dimension of rainfall and watershed characteristics becomes the input in the HEC-HMS software for obtaining the design flood. Additionally, there is carried out the measurement/mapping of the river geometry. This is used in the application of HEC-RAS that will simulate the real-time flow condition in the field. Based on the analysis results of the flood control channel profile manipulation, there is obtained the dimension of multi-stage trapezoid channel with an upper width (La) of 10 m, lower width (Lb) of 1 m, and depth (h) of 3 m that can flow the design flood in amount of 36.5 m3/s (Q25). This information is a recommendation/reference in determining the management method of the environment and water resources in the Special Economy Area (EK) in the Likupang tourism-Pantai Pulisan as a super-priority tourism destination in making effort of disaster mitigation that is influenced by the factors of environment, water resources, and climate change.

Free warehouse institution as a key element of the system of tools to stimulate the socio-economic development of the region: A case study

Subject. This article discusses the development of points of economic growth and the formation of special economic and legal status areas. Objectives. The article aims to analyze the features of the functioning of free warehouses in comparison with special economic zones and determine their role in regional economic policy. Methods. For the study, I used logical and statistical analyses. Results. The article notes the expansion in the number of tools used to stimulate endogenous economic growth and describes the impact of free warehouses on the economy of the region. Conclusions. Free warehouse is an instrument of regional economic policy that helps create local points of economic growth without the direct participation of the Russian Government.

New Age of Indonesian Local Tourism Development: Community Bonding, Youth Work, and Selling Tourism

This article explores why and how youth can build community bonds in the new era of rural development in Indonesia that produces local works in the form of tourist sales products. This article uses qualitative methods through a case study approach. The research was conducted in Balkondes Wringin Putih. Starting from individual unrest into community bonds that produce youth solidity, the village succeeded in developing tourist destinations in special economic areas based on tourism. When tourism development programs become the country’s priority, youth through the provision of village tour packages can create new jobs and increase rural economic productivity. The community ties and administration in the village’s growth, resulting from the ruralization process, are contextualised in the macro-political structure of the new age of Indonesian rural development, in fact, able to develop youth-based economic resilience. As empirical research to understand the development of new rural tourism, this study learns from the practices in Balkondes about a relational view of the ever-changing mechanisms of community bonding in the modern world.

PKMS Karang Taruna in Creating a Creative Economy through Training of Sport Therapist and Fitness Trainer in Mandalika Area

Kuta Mandalika is a special economic area that will become a tourist destination to visit and exercise, especially since the international standard MotoGP has been built. The purpose of this community service is to increase skills and new economic opportunities so that the economy of Karang Taruna Pujut District can continue to grow and develop. the effort that must be made is to develop sub-skills in fitness services and sports therapists located in the Mandalika Special Economic area. Outcomes to be achieved through the Indonesia Tangguh UKM program with the slogan "recover together, recover stronger" include 1. an increased understanding of being a sports therapist 2. increased understanding of being a personal trainer 3. Increased number of customers, 4. Improved management of SMEs through financial systems, and marketing promotions. The results of the activity evaluation show that almost 70% of the material is absorbed, while 90% of practice. This result is due to the use of scientific language, but it has a positive impact on improving skills in the field and continuing to practice

Peran Kawasan Ekonomi Khusus Mandalika Lombok Terhadap Pengembangan Ekonomi Lokal (PEL)

Mandalika Special Economic Area (KEK) has resonated as a national priority tourism center. ITDC as the regional implementing operator is building various facilities in the region. The large investment in the Mandalika area is certainly encouraging as well as alarming. This research is to explore deeply by identifying various business opportunities that can be developed at Mandalika Lombok KEK and strategizing local economic development around the Mandalik area. So that the specific target in this study is to give birth to the Local Economic Development Model in Mandalika Lombok KEK. The research was conducted qualitatively, data obtained from: Literature And Field Data Study with informants interviewed: 1). Business actors around Mandalika KEK, 2). Tourism activists, 3). Academics in tourism. From the results of the study can be described as follows: (a). The economic condition of the people in and around mandalika kek showed an increase in income before the covid pandemic, but decreased during the pandemic, (b) The economic condition of UMK in and around Kek Mandalika showed an increase in income before the covid pandemic, but decreased during the pandemic, (c). Local Economic Development that can be applied with the Mandalika KEK, can be done with the development of clusters with PEL categories in the field of Tourism, Art Market, lodging services and Creative Industries

KOLABORASI PEMERINTAH PUSAT DAN DAERAH DALAM PENGEMBANGAN KAWASAN EKONOMI KHUSUS (KEK) DI INDONESIA

The development of special economic areas (KEK) of local governments collaborates with the central government and private parties. The development of a region into a special economic area requires a real planning and action. Supported by regional autonomy demanding the role of local governments in realizing the SNR, it also requires collaboration with the central government in addition to the large role of the private sector in economic activity. Government and private cooperation with Indonesia's infrastructure development model involves the private sector, local government, central government in a synergy with their respective roles and functions that allow for a clear division of positions, duties and responsibilities set out within the legal framework of legal in carrying out development projects. The strategy that can be pursued by local governments in realizing SNR is to build collaboration with private parties and central government in public private partnership schemes.
 Keywords: Collaboration, Special Economic Zones, Development

Halal Culinary Tourism Promotion Strategy in Improving Performance Small and Medium Enterprises Through Digital Marketing in Batam City

This study aims to provide a stimulus to the leading sectors that contribute to the state budget countries from the non-oil and gas sector. So far, tourism has an extraordinary strategic function in terms of food security and job creation for the community. This brings a breath of fresh air in the home industry which is the supporter of the country's economy, how can I not? 65% of the contribution of the economy in Indonesia is contributed by industry-based MSMEs household. Batam is a special economic area that has extraordinary potential in tourism development. Its strategic location is close to the ASEAN economic center, namely Singapore provides advantages for tourism development at this time, especially related to tourism culinary tour. Culinary and tourism are cultural identities to introduce potential an area to outsiders. In connection with this study, the researcher examines the existence of digital marketing as an accommodation for SMEs in promoting culinary products halal through social media, search engine marketing and online websites. This research takes the sample on consumers who buy halal food produced by SMEs in Batam is 160 respondents where in the application in the field proportional sampling method is used . . research The field took place in 7 sub-districts in Batam, namely Tembesi, Batam Center Sekupang, Sei Beduk, Nongsa, Sagulung. This research uses Structure Equation Model (SEM) analysis. so that it is easy to reveal problems that have not been answered in previous research.

ANALISIS PEMERTAHANAN BAHASA SASAK TERHADAP PENGGUNAAN BAHASA ASING SEBAGAI MEDIA KOMUNIKASI DI KAWASAN EKONOMI KHUSUS MANDALIKA DESA PUJUT KABUPATEN LOMBOK TENGAH

The research took the population and sample in the Mandalika special economic area by taking focus of research on maintaining the use of the Sasak language as a medium of communication for people living in Mandalika area. Where, this research uses tapping method to get linguistic data that contains several variations. The data variations are distinguished based on three types, namely family realm, realm of friendship, and social realm. From these three domains, linguistic data were analyzed using the SPEAK technique from Dell Hymes. The aim was to find out the extent to which community in Mandalika special economic zone maintains when communicating using the Sasak language. Thus, the results of this research were, the used of the Sasak language was still very strongly used by the community in the family realm, the second Sasak language was also still maintained in the realm of friendship, while those that have begun to experience a shift was in the social realm. The shift that occurred in the social realm was due to the large number of tourists from various regions in Indonesia and even from outside of Indonesia State. Therefore, people when communicating they were used their second language such as Indonesian or foreign languages.Keywords: Sasak, Language Maintain; Communicative Method, Mandalika

A study into the special economic and legal status area’s particular qualities as a tool to attract investment in the Russian regions’ economic systems: The customs aspect

Subject. This article discusses the issues related to the development of special economic and legal status areas in terms of attracting foreign investment and developing foreign economic activity. Objectives. The article aims to study the peculiarities of the special economic and legal status areas’ functioning as a tool for attracting investment in the economic systems of the regions of the Russian Federation from the standpoint of customs regulation. Methods. For the study, we used the methods of logical and statistical analyses. Due to the peculiarities of statistical information, we analyzed the areas industrial special economic zones are located in. Results. The article defines the essence of preferential treatment and the main issues of customs regulation of the activities of special economic and legal status areas. It describes the role of special status areas in the development of regional socio-economic systems. Conclusions. Priority social and economic development areas are the most appropriate tool to implement the State regional policy. This is confirmed by statistical data on the dynamics of the creation of such areas.

DAMPAK PEMBANGUNAN JALAN TOL SERANG-PANIMBANG TERHADAP PEREKONOMIAN BANTEN DAN NASIONAL (ANALISIS INTERREGIONAL INPUT-OUTPUT)

Serang-Panimbang Toll Road, which connects Serang and Tanjung Lesung Tourism Special Economic Area, is one of the National Strategic Projects (PSN) in Banten. But because of the trade between regions, the impact of development gives rise to interregional spillover effect and interregional feedback effect so that the results are not only received by Banten, but also felt by various regions in Indonesia. Using the IRIO Table 2016, the construction of the Serang-Panimbang Toll Road which costs 713.8 billion rupiah per year, will increase economic output and Gross Regional Domestic Product (PDRB) and create jobs and generate workers' wages in Banten, amounting to 956.3 billion rupiah, 465.5 billion rupiah, 3,805 people and 205.1 billion rupiah a year, respectively. Nationally, the economic impact reached 1.12 trillion rupiah, 0.56 trillion rupiah, 4,672 people, and 0.24 trillion rupiah per year. While the operation of the Serang-Panimbang Toll Road with annual revenues of 1.34 trillion rupiah will have an impact on banten's economy in the form of increasing economic output and GDP, and creating jobs and wages / salaries received by workers, each reaching 1.92 trillion rupiah, 0.88 trillion rupiah, 4,513 people, and 0.20 trillion rupiah a year. The impact on the national economy amounted to 2.29 trillion rupiah, 1.08 trillion rupiah, 6,338 people, and 0.28 trillion rupiah per year

Business Competitiveness of Small Medium Enterprise in Pandemic Era Covid-19 (Case Study on Souvenir Business in the Special Economic Area of Tourism Likupang, North Sulawesi Province, Indonesia)

This study aims to describe the small medium enterprises that grow and exist in "Likupang" Tourism Special Economic Zone, North Sulawesi Province, Indonesia, especially for micro and small businesses in the souvenir business sector, focusing on the factors of utilizing appropriate technology, online/offline marketing and human capital. This research uses qualitative design with case study method by digging up in-depth information and data on business environment during the Covid-19 pandemic since 2020 until now. The results show that there are micro and small businesses that use appropriate technology in making souvenirs, the findings are still limited to technology tools for forming souvenir products, another result showed the innovation in product design is still lacking, employees only imitate common things and did not create products typical to Likupang area. In terms of marketing strategies, it was found that the Covid-19 pandemic hit the tourism industry, including souvenir businesses badly. This made souvenir business owners apply marketing strategies by selling products at sites as well as offering products through social media. Another finding from human capital factor, there are still business owners and employees who do not have entrepreneur mindset, even though in terms of product-making skills, they are classified as skilled craftsmen.

Strategic significance of port infrastructure in social and economic development of the Russian Federation and its regions

Transit communications and infrastructure facilities are basic conditions of countries’ spatial social and economic development. Cargo transportation services make up more than 50 per cent of the global export of transport services. Unique geographical position of Russia between Europe and Asia, existing border sea routes provide the country with the opportunity to become a part of global traffic flows and, thus, maintain the development of transit and export-import potential bound to the “entry points” into the world transport system. Domestic sea ports’ activities and their rapid modernization development can be predicted due to the fact that being part of the infrastructure they maintain communication in the area and the national economy’s integration into the global economy. Each sea bordering region of the Russian Federation solves the problems of developing separate ports. In the south they pay great attention to development of transport potential of the region by means of complex development of regional transport hubs, in particular, creating special economic port areas. Northern regions are more oriented towards developing the Northern Sea Route ports which provide exploration and production of hydrocarbons, and arrange northern supply to hard-to-reach regions. The Baltic region is characterized by tough competition with the Baltic states’ ports, and they have to reinforce import-export and transit potential of the country connected with the emerging positive changes in the direction of freight traffic. In perspective, the North-West Federal District is supposed to become a platform for several large-scale strategic infrastructural projects. As a result, a transport and transit area will be created to increase the volume of international and domestic transportation and the throughput of the regional seaports. Life-supporting function of port infrastructure is the strategic factor of the development of the total transport system of Russia due to its vast territory. Therefore, strategic regulation and programs have been developed at the federal level. They function as valid regulatory legal acts, are part of the total state government system and maintain national security and connectedness of Russian territory and stable economic growth. Strategic significance of these documents for sustainable social and economic development of the Russian Federation and its regions required analysis and systematization of Decrees, Strategies and Programs from the viewpoint of infrastructural factor of construction and modernization of Russian sea ports.

Selecting the optimal development strategy of the Northern Sea Route

The main objective of the study is to work out a set of measures to improve the Northern Sea Route (NSR) with an account of the existing trends in its development. Moreover the graph theory has been applied in order to select for the optimal development roadmap. This work is based on the graph theory that is applied to the issues of constructing a strategy for the development of complex economic and logistic systems. The article studies some essential issues of formation and selection of the development and modernization strategy of transport and logistics routes in the Arctic zone of the Russian Federation. Special attention is paid to the main Arctic route-the Northern Sea Route. Based on the study of the main development problems of this transport corridor, the work proposes a consistent series of steps that include such measures as upgrading the existing NSR infrastructure, increasing its capacity, creating of an information system that ensures safe and efficient navigation, as well as corresponding changes in legislation in order to create special economic port areas. According to the authors, these steps will significantly improve the competitiveness of the NSR compared to alternative transport and logistics corridors. The study also proposes an algorithm for choosing the most optimal way of strategy implementation, which will make it possible to achieve the main goal-to ensure the NSR capacity at the level of 30 million tons of cargo per year by 2030. The materials presented in the article indicate the special importance of the Arctic transport and logistics corridors for the socio-economic development of the country and the respective regions. One of the most important transport arteries in the Arctic is the Northern Sea Route. The article analyzes the development dynamics, problem aspects, as well as the prospects for the future of the NSR. Based on the graph theory the authors have proposed a methodology for choosing the strategy of modernization and development of the NSR up to 2030.

Settlement of Land Rights Disputes (Legal Study of Supreme Court Ruling No. 78 PK/TUN/2011)

This research discusses the settlement of land rights disputes. The problem is how the basic legal consideration of land rights above the Managemen Rights ( hereinafter referred to HPL ) certificate in the Special Economic Area Mandalika Central Lombok District and why the dispute on land rights that has a permanent legal force or inmate in the Special Economic Area Mandalika Central Lombok ( Supreme Court decision No. 78 PK/TUN/2011 ) can not be executed. This research aims to know and analyze the basic legal considerations and dispute on land rights that has a permanent legal force or inmate in the Special Economic Area Mandalika Central Lombok ( Supreme Court decision No. 78 PK/TUN/2011 ) can not be executed. This method of research uses normative legal research methods. The approach is used are the conceptual approach, the legislation approach, and the case approach. The result of this research is the first basic consideration of legal ownership of land rights is the regulation of the Minister of Agrarian of the head of National Land Agency number 9 of 1999 about the procedure for granting and annulment of land rights and management rights, government regulation Number 10 of 1961 concerning land registration, government Regulation Number 24 of 1997 about land registration, regulation of the Minister of the Interior number 5 of 1974 about the conditions on the provision and giving of land for corporate purposes, and regulation of the Minister of the Interior number 15 of 1975 about the provisions on the Ordinance of Land acquisition. Secondly, land rights disputes that has a permanent legal force or can not be executed ( Incrah ) due to rules relating to the application of land rights certificate above Management Rights, has not been set or has been revoked and not valid since the issuance of regulation of the Minister of Agrarian state/head of national Land Agency No. 9 of 1999 on procedures for granting and canceling rights to land and management rights. DOI: 10.7176/JLPG/98-04 Publication date: June 30th 2020

중국 특별경제지역 제도 연구 - 신구, 경제기술개발구, 고신기술산업개발구를 중심으로 -

특별경제지역(Special Economic Zone)이란 중앙정부가 외국인 투자유치 활성화를 위해 지정한 특별경제특구. 외국인 투자자에게는 법인세가 면제되며 토지, 직원교육 프로그램, 경비 등이 지원된 지역을 의미하며, 세계 각국은 자국의 경제발전과 특정 지역의 발전을 위한 종합적인 목적으로 경제특구 내지 경제자유구역 등의 정책을 시행하고 있다.BR 1978년 12월 중국은 대외개방을 천명한 제11기 중앙위원회 제3차 전체회의 이후 시장기능을 적극 도입함으로써 “중국특색의 사회주의 시장경제 건설”을 통한 경제발전을 이루기 위해 노력해 왔다. 1980년에는 4개의 경제특구를 구축하기 시작하였다. 1984년에 14개의 연해 도시를 개방하고, 1985년 후에도 연해 도시의 경제 개방을 지속화하였으며, 1988년에는 하이난성이 특구로 지정되었다. 1990년대의 개발은 상하이 푸동신구를 개방하고, 일부 장강 연안의 도시를 폭넓게 개방하였다. 그리고 푸동을 선두로 하여 장강지역의 경제개방을 형성한 후 현재까지 다양한 특별경제지역을 운영하고 있다.BR 중국의 특별경제지역에는 경제특구 이외에도 신구, 경제기술개발구, 고신기술개발구, 보세구등 세관특별관리지역, 변경/국경지역(跨竟)경제합작구, 기타 유형의 개발구 및 각종 지방급 개발구 등이 있다.BR 본 연구에서는 다양한 특구 제도를 운영하여 30년 이상 지속적으로 시행하고 있는 중국의 특별경제지역 중 신구, 경제기술개발구, 고신기술산업개발구의 운영현황을 살펴보고 관련 법제를 분석하여 현재 한국에서 운영되고 있는 경제자유구역의 활성화 방안을 모색해보고자 한다.

Fiscal Autonomy in Revenue Collection of Local Administrative Organizations in Special Economic Zones, Thailand

This article is aimed to: 1) study the sources of income of local administrative organizations in the Special Economic Zones Area, 2) study fiscal autonomy in revenue collection of local administrative organizations in the Special Economic Zones and 3) study and analyze the guidelines for enhancing fiscal autonomy in the storage of corporate income. A qualitative study method was employed as method to analyze related documents. In-depth interviews from key informants and observation without participation were used. The results of the study showed that the income of the local government organization comes from the collected tax by government taxes and government grants causing no fiscal autonomy because they have to rely mainly on income from the government in terms of tax collected only 10-13 percent. Therefore, if the local government organization in the Special Economic Development Zone is independent of fiscal, income must come from the ability to collect taxes and set a tax base on their own especially taxes arising from the use of local resources such as environmental taxes foreign labor fees, service fees / travel fees.

The mechanism of public-private partnerships in attracting investment in agriculture

Investment combined with innovation is an essential condition for the growth and development of the socio-economic system. In essence, investments are defined as long-term capital investments in the economy in order to ensure sustainable rates of expanded reproduction. Investments are characterized by the fact that they are always limited, and here it is important to correctly determine the priorities that can maximize the final result. These indisputable priorities include the agro-industrial complex, ensuring the food security of the country. The purpose of the article is determined taking into account the emerging tensions with investment resources of the state, in connection with which it is proposed to intensify the attraction of private investments in the agro-industrial complex, using the experience of economic levers and incentives already approved in the country, aimed at attracting private investments in special economic zones and priority development areas. The analysis of the effectiveness of the special economic zones, including their questioning, conducted by the author and combined with the study of the foreign experience of China and other countries, led to the conclusion about the effectiveness of using the public-private partnership mechanism to attract private investment. The system of economic levers and incentives for attracting investment is proposed in the article.