Special District Research Articles

Escalating Health Crisis: Dissecting Mortality Causes and Trends Among Indigenous Populations in Northeast Brazil.

In Northeast Brazil, the poorest region of the country, indigenous communities face critical health care challenges. Despite legal entitlements to the Unified Health System (SUS), systemic barriers persist, exacerbating health disparities and mortality. This ecological study analyzed mortality trends and causes of death within the Special Indigenous Sanitary District (DSEI) Alagoas-Sergipe over a decade. Data on deaths from 2012 to 2022 were obtained from the Indigenous Health Secretariat. Causes of death were classified into 13 categories. Mortality rates per 1,000 indigenous inhabitants were calculated, and trends were analyzed using the Mann-Kendall test. The study also compared causes of death by age group. Mortality rates ranged from 3.3 to 5.2 per 1,000, showing a moderate upward trend over time (τ = 0.5, p = 0.042). Predominant causes included heart and vascular disorders (24.3%), external causes (12.4%), respiratory issues (11.1%), and infections (10.9%). About one-third of pediatric deaths were associated with general neonatal complications. This study highlights increasing mortality in indigenous communities in Northeast Brazil. The predominant causes of death reflect broader public health concerns. These trends emphasize the urgency for more effective, culturally sensitive public health policies and improved health care access.

Analisis Penyerapan Anggaran Operasional dan Pemeliharaan Kantor di Pengadilan Negeri Semarang Kelas IA Khusus

This research aims to analyze the excess realization of operational and office maintenance at the Special Class IA Semarang District Court, with a focus on the causal factors, and how to overcome budget excesses. The research method used is descriptive qualitative with empirical studies at the Special Class IA Semarang District Court. The data collected was RKA-KL (Work Plan and Budget) and LRA (Budget Realization Report) then conducted in-depth interviews after which analysis was carried out to draw conclusions. The results of the research show that several factors that cause excess operational and office maintenance budgets are unrealistic or non-comprehensive budget planning, changes in economic conditions, inefficiencies in project or operational management, lack of control and supervision of expenditure and non-compliance in the implementation of budget policies or lack of coordination. . How to overcome operational budget excesses at the Special Class IA Semarang District Court by strengthening the budget planning process, implementing a strict budget monitoring and control system and increasing the capacity and competence of human resources involved in budget management.

A Study on Perception of College Students towards Digital Marketing with Special Reference Puri District in Odisha

A Study on Perception of College Students towards Digital Marketing with Special Reference Puri District in Odisha

Analysis of Traveller Growth Trends After the COVID-19 Pandemic Based on Accommodation Types in Yogyakarta

The global tourism industry, including the Yogyakarta Special District, is severely affected by the Covid-19 pandemicHowever, as a result of policies that supported and strengthened tourism infrastructure from 2020 to 2022, there has been considerable progress in the number of foreign and domestic tourist visits. This positive trend can continue and make a greater contribution to the development of a region. This study aims to identify the annual trend of growth of this group of travellers, select popular tourist attractions, and predict the trend of foreign and domestic tourist arrivals in Yogyakarta Special District based on the type of hotel in 2023. The basic sample of the research consists of 36 months from 2020 to 2022. The research was conducted quantitatively and focused on time series analysis using a linear trend model. The results of the study show that foreign tourists are far fewer than domestic tourists, but the trend in the percentage growth of foreign tourists from 2020 to 2022 is greater than the growth trend of domestic tourists; The growth of domestic and foreign tourists peaked in July 2020 and March 2022, respectively; Domestic tourists are more interested in nature sights, with Bantul Parangtritis Beach as their favourite location. Meanwhile, foreign tourists are more interested in historical attractions, with Yogyakarta's Taman Sari as their favourite; Forecasting the trend of foreign and domestic tourist arrivals to the Special Region of Yogyakarta for 2023 shows an increasing number with a decreasing growth percentage in the same period.

International marketing mix for export in the seafood sector of the Riohacha DETC

Companies, especially SMEs, seek access to international markets in search of economic development as a factor of sustainability and competitiveness. The objective of this paper was to analyze the importance of the international marketing mix for export in the seafood sector of the Special Tourist and Cultural District (STCD) of Riohacha. Methodologically, this research is descriptive and is framed in a quantitative paradigm. The population was composed of 14 managers of fishmongers registered in the Chamber of Commerce of Riohacha. The results indicate that, in terms of products, the marketers recognize that they are competitive for the foreign market. In relation to price, transactions in foreign currencies such as dollars are adequate and competitive. Regarding distribution channels, there are adequate means to export and maintain the cold chain. However, in terms of communication strategies, it was observed that no company has effective tools to make itself known abroad. It is concluded that the entrepreneurs perceive that their products are in demand in the destination markets and that prices and distribution channels are adequate, although the latter could be improved. However, their means and forms of communication are not being used effectively

The entrepreneurial orientation of special district governments: a study of public entrepreneurship in local governments in Tennessee

ABSTRACT Special districts are an increasingly prevalent form of local government. The creation of special districts is an act of public entrepreneurship. However, it is not clear if special districts are imprinted with an enduring entrepreneurial orientation when they are founded or if their entrepreneurial orientation fades as the organisations mature and become more bureaucratic. Building on theories of imprinting and organisational structure and utilising computer-automated text analysis, we explore the persistence and performance implications of the entrepreneurial orientation of special districts through text analysis of local government documents. In a sample of 277 special districts in Tennessee (USA), we find that special districts exhibit an entrepreneurial orientation, this orientation differs based on special district type, and a nonlinear (inverted-U) relationship exists between entrepreneurial orientation and special district performance. Our findings contribute to research at the intersection of local governments and public entrepreneurship and generate actionable insights for local government managers.

Augmented Reality Empowered Responsible Tourism: Leveraging Social Media Applications for Generation Z Tourists in the Yogyakarta

This research delves into the integration of augmented reality (AR) technology through Instagram filters to enhance responsible tourism practices. With a specific focus on Generation Z tourists in the Yogyakarta Special District, we recognize the importance of collective action in shaping the future of tourism. Despite the government's continuous efforts, responsible tourism implementation faces challenges, leading to cultural and environmental issues due to the increasing number of tourists. Leveraging the preferences and influence of Generation Z, this study proposes the application of AR through Instagram filters as a solution to engage and educate tourists on responsible tourism principles. The methodology involves the construction of AR system models and Instagram filter user interfaces, followed by observation and interviews with Generation Z users. The results indicate that AR filters can effectively convey information about cultural and historical assets, facilitate digital map navigation, and encourage Generation Z tourists to actively contribute to responsible tourism practices. This research underscores the significance of embracing innovative technologies to foster responsible tourism in the Yogyakarta Special District and emphasizes the collaborative nature of this endeavor, requiring the active participation of the government, tourists, and digital artists for sustainable tourism development.

Household food insecurity predictors and coping strategies in Basketo Special District, Southern Ethiopia: using the double hurdle model

Household food insecurity predictors and coping strategies in Basketo Special District, Southern Ethiopia: using the double hurdle model

Memory of the Grassland: How to Keep Singing Mongolian Gür Songs in Today’s Ordos City, China

Ordos is a prefecture-level city of the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region. Besides the famous Genghis Khan’s Remembrance Place as its significant feature of the past, it also features some gur songs of the Mongolian grassland. Although little known to the world, Gur songs have long served in Mongolian rulers’ circles from ancient times. Through reconstruction, revitalization, and re-textualization over three millennia, Gur songs are regarded to represent local Mongolian culture as they are deeply rooted in Hanggin (a special district of the city) of Ordos. Crises of a heritage solely built on a single inheritor are emerging: Will the cultural memory of the community decay after the demise of the ‘inheritor’? Will there be a memory gap? Does the orally transmitted ritual music preserve the cultural memory of the Mongolian community in the process? How does the century-old music tradition find its connection to Ordos, a city with an urbanization history of under 20 years? This discussion queries the reconstitution of memory through an ethnography of this Mongolian heritage example in Ordos, expecting to be a critical inspection for the persistence of the cultural memory of the community.

The patterns of pastoralists seasonal migration in Gambella region: the case of Itang special district

The patterns of pastoralists seasonal migration in Gambella region: the case of Itang special district

What lies beneath these creatures of the state: understanding the death of specialised governments in the U.S.

ABSTRACT After analysing 40 years of census data on U.S. local government change, this study finds that the dissolution of special districts (specialised governments) or ‘exits’ in U.S. counties are largely unrelated to demand factors. Using fixed effects regression specified at the urban county level, we find that restrictions on the fiscal autonomy of cities are associated with decreases in the special district exit rate and count. There is also evidence that state grants of ‘broad’ or ‘limited’ functional home rule to cities increase special district dissolutions. These results largely disappear when examining subgroups of districts classified by their asset specificity. The findings are consistent with the circumvention argument made in the local autonomy literature and may indicate some service consolidation, albeit from a different perspective.

Sejarah Perkembangan GKPS Pertama Dikota Medan Tahun 1952

The birth of GKPS started from evangelism in the land of Simalungun which was relatively slow, because after several years since evangelism entered the land of Simalungun, no one has given himself to be baptized. Finally Jalung Wismar Saragih (1888-1968) was baptized on September 11, 1910. J. Wismar also became the first pastor of the land of Simalungun The slow development of the Gospel in the land of Simalungun was caused because the preaching of the gospel was not carried out using the Simalungun language, but the Toba language, therefore formerly the simalugun tribal congregation still joined the HKBP. The development of Islam that has influenced the Simalungun people has also become another factor inhibiting the gospel in the land of Simalungun. In addition, another factor is the lack of attention of the zendelings to the people in Simalungun. The lack of attention of the HKBP and Batakmission gave rise to the initiative of the Simalungun people to secede from the HKBP. Aritonang and Steenbrink note that in 1928, a desire to bathe itself arose already. In 1935, the HKBP gave a special district to the people of Simalungun and appointed Rev. J. Wismar Saragih to lead the district. The district was later named HKBPS (Simalungun Protestant Batak Christian Huria). Cultural and linguistic differences further strengthened the simalungun people's intention to bathe themselves from the HKBP. Finally on September 1, 1963, HKBPS changed its name to GKPS

Brazilian Ministry of Health strategy to increase vaccination coverage at bordersEstrategia del Ministerio de Salud de Brasil para aumentar las tasas de cobertura de vacunación en las fronteras

Evaluate the implementation of the Ministry of Health's "Action Plan: Border Vaccination Strategy - Agenda 2022" in the Brazil's 33 twin cities and evaluate the increase in the country's vaccination coverage (VC). Pre-post community clinical trial. Implementation of the strategy was analyzed, and pre- and post-intervention VC were compared in two stages: P1 (pre-intervention) and P2 (post-intervention). Based on statistical analyses of P1 and P2 coverage, calculations were made of municipal averages, standard deviation, and difference in VC between the two periods. Integration was observed between the primary health care (PHC), surveillance, immunization, and special indigenous health district (DSEI) teams, although there were difficulties, for example, in relation to migratory flows. While immigration flows present challenges in the areas of immunization, PHC, and DSEI, the difficulties are compounded by the polarization of these services, which hinders intersectoral integration. After carrying out the workshops, a total of 50 977 doses were administered in the general population in the 33 twin cities. There was an increase in vaccination coverage in children up to 1 year of age in the locations evaluated after the intervention, which may be relevant in terms of increasing VC in Brazil. There was an increase in vaccination coverage in children up to 1 year of age in the locations evaluated after the intervention, helping to increase VC in Brazil.

Lo intrincado: Cali Distrito Especial y la gobernabilidad de sus localidades. Análisis desde la división territorial

The categorization of Cali as a special district has led to intricate debates in different fields, including the legal, political-administrative, and social spheres. However, primarily, the issues revolve around governance guarantees. It is argued that this pivotal concept contributes to understanding efficient and effective public management. This article aims to analyze the effects of the Special District of Santiago de Cali political-administrative division on governance in the territories. The employed methodology combines social science hermeneutics and normative analysis inherent in legal hermeneutics. This article presents two major challenges to governance: the social, political, environmental, and economic heterogeneity of the territories, and their ability to adapt to institutional change. The new district localities must consider the socio-economic and environmental characteristics, as well as the capacity for coordination and organization, in terms of public management, within the city.

Analysis of factors affecting poverty in the special region of yogyakarta

One of the provinces in Indonesia that has a fairly high poverty problem is Yogyakarta Special District Province. This is because the poverty rate of cities/districts in the Yogyakarta Special Dis-trict is higher than the provincial and national poverty rates. The study examines the influence of electricity consumption, investment, economic growth, and the District/City Minimum Wage on poverty levels in Yogyakarta Special District. The data used is panel data with cross-section data covering 5 districts/cities in Yogyakarta Province and data time series with the course of the year 2014 – 2020. The method of analysis used is a panel data regression, but the model used in this study is the Fixed Effect Model. The results show that the variables of electricity consumption and investment variables have no influence, while the economic growth variables and the minimum wage variable of the district/city have a negative and significant influence on the poverty level in the Yogyakarta Region.

Determinants of pastoral youth participation to formal education in Itang Special District, Gambella Region, South-Western Ethiopia

Determinants of pastoral youth participation to formal education in Itang Special District, Gambella Region, South-Western Ethiopia

Implementation of community health care services to counter the SARS-CoV2 pandemic

BackgroundThe COVID-19 pandemic has ravaged many countries worldwide since December 2019. The high infection rates, and the need for health care assistance for individuals with comorbidities, strained the national health care systems around the world. Outbreak peaks increased the burden on hospitals that where perceived as high-risk places by people, who often decided to cancel or defer hospital visits. Thus, Italian Local Health Authorities had to develop new organizational models to meet the increased health care needs of the population. The aim of this study is to assess the impact of strengthened community health services on the hospital burden.MethodsWe analysed the number of Emergency Department access at the Hospital De Lellis covered by the Local Health Authority in Rieti, from March 2020 to November 2021. We then assessed the effects of community health services: the Special District Continuing Care Units (SDCUs) and the the COVID hub, on the COVID-19-related ED access, admission and mortality rates. A Chi-squared test for trend and three multivariable logistic regression models were used to investigate the trends and the possible predictors of COVID ED access, COVID hospital admissions, and deaths.ResultsBeing male (OR = 1.41, CI95% 1.05–1.90; p = 0.022) and older age (OR = 1.03, CI95% 1.02–1.04; p < 0.0001) increase the likelihood of hospitalisation for Sars-CoV-2. The implementation of the nursing and medical SDCUs contributed to reducing COVID-19-related deaths (OR = 0.09, CI95% 0.03–0.29; p < 0.0001). The simultaneous implementation of the COVID hub and of the nursing SDCUs had a synergistic effect in reducing the likelihood of hospitalisation (OR = 0.24, CI95% 0.09–0.65; p = 0.005). The subsequent implementation of the medical SDCUS has further contributed to lowering the admission rates. These protective effects persisted also after potential cofounders, such as age, sex, clinical condition on admission, and the immunisation status, were adjusted.ConclusionsThese measures have helped in the management of patients in a complex context such as that of a pandemic by reducing the hospital load and playing an important role in the management of the pandemic. Further studies could assess the transferability of this model in a non-pandemic context.

Prevalence of Ixodidae Ticks and its Associated Risk Factors in Local Breed (Zebu) Cattle at Mao Komo Special District Benishangul Gumuz Regional States, Western Ethiopia

Ixodidae ticks are an ectoparasites of cattle that can cause huge economic loss in cattle. A cross-sectional study was conducted from December 2019 to November 2020 in Mao Komo special district of Benishangul Gumuz Regional State, Western Ethiopia The objectives of the study were to estimate the prevalence of hard tick infestation and to identify the tick species prevalent in the study areas. A total of 384 Local breed cattle were randomly selected from the district and examined for the presence of tick’s infestation. Out of the total examined animals, 286(74.74%) were found to be infested by one or more tick species. Four genera of ticks: Amblyomma, Boophilus (recently Rhipicephalus), Rhipicephalus and Hyalomma were identified. Amblyomma was the most dominant tick genera 38.05% followed by Rhipicephalus 33.58%, Boophilus 24.93% and Hyalomma 3.48 % was the least recorded genera in the study of areas. According to present study, the tick had strong preference for dewlap (19.09%), udder, (18.35%) perineum (16.61%) scrotum, (13.02%) flank (12.71%) Genital 10.15%) and Ear part (10.05%) respectively. The prevalence of tick infestation was studied along with the risk factors like age, sex, body conditions of the animals. However, there was no significant association between these risk factors and tick infestation. Also, the association between tick infestation and body parts of animals were studied and significant association was found. Generally, the study indicated that high tick infestation of different genera on Local breed cattle was found in each Kebeles of the district and it necessitates control measures against those economically important genera of ticks.

Kolaborasi antara Pemerintah Provinsi Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta dan Kalurahan dalam Penggunaan Dana Keistimewaan

Provilege fund is matter that attached to the Province of Yogyakarta Special District as a special autonomous region. The privilege fund has an objective to create prosperity for the socieites of the through the benefit optimalization of each activity done and relevant with the special authority. The Use of Privilege Fund cannot be separated from the synergic collaboration among stakeholders that in this analysis focuses on the Collaboration between Province Government Of the Special Region Of Yogyakarta And Kalurahan Government In in the use of privilege fund. This issue becomes a special attention because the high poverty condition level in DIY, which is based in the village areas. The intertwined collaboration between province. Government Of the Special Region Of Yogyakarta And Kalurahan Government In in the use of privilege fund generally becomes an instrument to increase the rate of economic growth and Yogyakarta societies’ welfare. This research utilized Qualitative Method with phenomenology approach. The data collection technique was performed through observation, interview and documentation. This analysis result indicates that the collaboration built between province and Kalurahan government (village) has not been holistically correlated so that the relation is more hierarchic (top down). Besides, there is an ambiguity tendency towards the spirit of villages to build that causes the low local initiatives and generally the authority possessed by the villages.

Trypanosome Infection in Cattle and Associated Vectors in Etang District of Gambella, Ethiopia.

Bovine trypanosomosis produces significant economic losses due to anemia, loss of body condition, and emaciation. The disease is transmitted biologically by tsetse flies and mechanically by biting flies such as Tabanus and Stomoxys. Therefore, this research is aimed at estimating the prevalence of bovine trypanosomosis and the apparent density of its vectors in the Etang Special District. A cross-sectional study was employed from November 2016 to April 2017 for the prevalence and entomological survey. Trypanosoma species were identified using buffy coat and Giemsa staining techniques. Besides, the entomological surveys were conducted using NGU, pyramidal, biconical, and monoconical traps. The vectors were identified to their genus level based on their morphological features like size, color, wing venation, and proboscis. A total of 457 bovine blood samples were collected and tested, of these 16 (3.50%) animals were positive for trypanosomosis. Similarly, 13 T. vivax (81.25%) and 3 T. congolense (18.75%) were the trypanosome species detected. The prevalence in the young (2.56%) and adult (3.99%) age groups was not statistically significant (P > 0.05). However, there were significant (P < 0.05) differences in prevalence between body condition scores, where poor is 6.31%, medium is 1.30%, and good is 0%. Moreover, the difference in mean PCV values between the parasitemic (20.97) and aparasitemic (28.58) groups was statistically significant (P < 0.05). Glossina flies were not found, although 1756 Tabanus and 52 Stomoxys biting flies were gathered. Accordingly, the overall apparent density of Glossina flies was zero (0), with biting flies (20.54) recorded per trap per day. Moreover, the apparent density of Tabanus and 52 Stomoxys was 39.01 and 1.18, respectively. This study confirmed that trypanosomosis and abundant mechanical vectors continue to be problems in the study area, resulting in cattle productivity losses. As a result, strategic management and prevention methods for trypanosomosis and associated vectors should be prioritized. Further investigation of vector needs to be conducted to clear out tsetse presence.