Special Combination Research Articles

THE USE OF FRAME BUILDINGS OF MEDIUM HEIGHT WHEN DESIGNING IN SEISMICALLY ACTIVE ZONES

This article deals with the numerical study of the work of a 5-story frame building with a core of torsion-malleable system rigidity, as well as a regular form in terms of the action of loads of a special combination, taking into account the seismic impact. Based on the results obtained in the process of numerical research of buildings, recommendations were issued, which are taken into account in the process of building design, to reduce the effect of seismic impact on the building.

The Role of Pharmaceutical Compounding in Promoting Medication Adherence.

Pharmaceutical compounding is an important component of pharmacy practice despite its low prevalence. Several therapeutic needs can be met by a compounded medicine such as dosing adjusted for pediatric patients, special drug combinations, medicines for patients allergic to a given excipient, and medicines for orphan drugs not provided by the pharmaceutical industry. Examples of such applications are provided in this review. Adherence to medication is a critical public health issue as nonadherence to pharmacotherapy has been associated with adverse outcomes and higher costs of patient care. Adherence to therapy represents a key factor in the reduction in morbidity and mortality and optimization of the use of financial resources. The role of pharmaceutical compounding in promoting medication adherence is underexploited. The customization might represent a positive reinforcement of the initiation of the treatment, while implementation and persistence might also be favored in a pharmacy setting. However, studies addressing the influence of compounding in adherence promotion are lacking in the literature. The results of such studies could support health policies including proper regulatory framework, pharmacist training, and information to health care practitioners.

MATHEMATICAL MODELING OF CONSTRUCTION WORK CONSTRUCTIONS IN COMPLEX CONDITIONS OF CHEMICAL PRODUCTION

The article deals with the conduct of a numerical experiment on study of the stress-strain state of building structures according to using developed mathematical models. Research methodology consists in the use of one of the most advanced BIM technologies in the world, namely of the LIRA 10.10 software complex © 2013-2021 LIRA Soft, for creating adequate mathematical models of an industrial building taking into account the most likely difficult operating conditions: loads, seismic and operational impacts, progressive collapse. Calculations have been made progressive collapse, where the initial calculation scheme is taken as the main scheme of the shelf. To determine the most dangerous part of the building in in the event of an emergency situation, a set of calculations was carried out with the sequential removal of each support column. From the analysis of calculations, calculation schemes were determined, in which the greatest forces arise from a special combination of loads. Later, these schemes were adopted basic for emergency calculations. Conducted mathematical modeling the work of building structures in difficult chemical conditions production using modern BIM technology, such as PC LIRA 10.10, allows you to get the necessary reliable data on the operation of real buildings thanks to the use of world experience in design, construction and operation of construction structures, buildings and structures during creation software product.

Estimations of Compressor Stall and Surge Using Passage Stall Behaviors

The predictions of the onset of rotating stall and surge are very important in the preliminary design stage of a compressor. Rotating stall and surge are complex instabilities that cause efficiency loss and reduced pressure rise, and, therefore, compressor designers attempt to avoid them in the design stage. There are many criteria for predicting stability limits, including empirical, theoretical, and numerical investigations in the literature. However, these investigations have important limitations. The present study establishes a new method in which the stall and post-stall behavior of a compressor is estimated by an equivalent reconstructed compressor using special combinations of single-passage flow behavior in different mass flow rates. The combinations are generated such that pre-stall, in-stall, and surge flow regimes and between one and eight stall cells are reproduced in the full-annulus compressor. The method requires the least computational requirements and is time efficient. The results indicate that secondary flow total energy and spectral entropy are indeed correlated with compressor operating conditions. The predictions of the onset of stall and surge for the investigated compressor show good agreement with the experimental data.

Robust composite control design of drag-free satellite with Kalman filter-based extended state observer for disturbance reduction

For future space-based gravitational wave detectors, drag-free control is one of the core technologies to achieve ambitious ultra-quiet-stable requirements. Generally, the high performance of such a drag-free satellite is severely limited by the intrinsic nonlinearities, various noise and limited bandwidth. To overcome these limitations, a dual-loop drag-free control scheme with the merits of simple structure and tuning method is proposed. First, a special combination of Kalman filter (KF) and extended state observer (ESO) is applied in the inner-loop to perform disturbance reduction. The KF serves as noise filtration, while the ESO accepts the filtered measurement signals to achieve better online reconstruction of states and lumped disturbances. Then, GS/T mixed sensitivity H∞ controllers are adopted in the outer-loop to stabilize the test masses in the cage center. The controllers are tuned based on the sensitivity function and complementary sensitivity function specifications to enhance robustness. Finally, a simulation considering various disturbance models is built to test the effectiveness of the control system. A comparison between three types of controllers reveals the advantages of the proposed method in terms of the disturbance attenuation and control performance.

Research on Linear Combination Models of BDS Multi-Frequency Observations and Their Characteristics

The linear combination of multi-frequency carrier-phase and pseudorange observations can form the combined observations with special properties. The type and number of combined frequencies will directly affect the characteristics of the combined observations. BDS-2 and BDS-3 broadcast three and five signals, respectively, and the study of their linear combination is of great significance for precision positioning. In this contribution, the linear combination form of multi-frequency carrier-phase observations in cycles and meters is sorted out. Seven frequency combination modes are formed, and some special combinations for positioning are searched. Then, based on the principle of minimum combined noise, a simpler search method for the optimal real coefficients of ionosphere-free (IF) combination based on the least squares (LS) principle is proposed. The general analytical expressions of optimal real coefficients for multi-frequency geometry-based and ionosphere-free (GBIF), geometry-free and ionosphere-free (GFIF), and pseudorange multipath (PMP) combinations with the first-order ionosphere delay taken into account are derived. And the expression derivation process is given when both the first-order and second-order ionospheric delays are eliminated. Based on this, the characteristics of the optimal real coefficient combination in various modes are compared and discussed. The various combinations reflect that the accuracy of the combined observations from dual-frequency (DF) to five-frequency (FF) is gradually improving. The combination coefficient becomes significantly larger after taking the second-order ionospheric delay into account. In addition, the combined accuracy of BDS-3 is better than that of BDS-2. When only the first-order ionosphere is considered, the combination attribute of (B1C, B1I, B2a) is the best among the triple-frequency (TF) combinations of BDS-3. When both the first-order and second-order ionospheric delays are considered, the (B1C, B3I, B2a) combination is recommended.

Diversity of Free-Living and Particle-Attached Prokaryotes in a River-Influenced Coastal Area of the Northern Adriatic Sea

The Northern Adriatic Sea is a key area of the Mediterranean Sea, strongly affected by freshwater inputs, mainly from the Po River, which bring high amounts of nutrients as well as organic and inorganic particles. Free-living and particle-attached prokaryotes were characterized by 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing of size-fractionated samples collected during a diatom bloom in this area. The diversity of free-living and particle-attached prokaryotic assemblages was investigated with the aim to understand how the microbial communities are structured in the two fractions and whether specific microbial groups are associated to one lifestyle or the other. The results highlight a diverse prokaryotic community dominated by Proteobacteria, Bacteroidetes, and, remarkably, Firmicutes. Taxa within Firmicutes and Alphaproteobacteria are identified as the main particle-attached indicators by LEfSe, while members of Bacteroidetes and Gammaproteobacteria were representative of the free-living lifestyle, although they were also usually found as particle-attached. Collectively, the results suggest that both the free-living and the particle-attached lifestyles are a complex combination of specialization and adaptation to local conditions.

Sensitivity Investigation and Mitigation on Power and Efficiency to Resonant Parameters in an LCC Network for Inductive Power Transfer

In an inductive power transfer (IPT) system, the variations of passive parameters affect the system performance. This article investigates the impact of the variation of resonant parameters on the system power and efficiency in a 5.7 kW LCC compensated IPT system for electric vehicle charging application. For the single-parameter variation, the sensitivity of power and efficiency to each parameter is investigated by LTspice simulation. For multiparameter variations, exhaustive analysis and Monte-Carlo methods are applied to quantify the sensitivity issue. It indicates that with random multiparameter variations within ±10%, the 5.7 kW IPT system only has a 73.87% probability to satisfy a 10% power fluctuation of [5.13 kW, 6.27 kW] with efficiency above 92%. To mitigate the sensitivity issue, the cascade Monte-Carlo method is used to optimize the central values of parameters at the design stage, which can increase the yield rate in mass production from 73.87% to 82%. Furthermore, a frequency tuning method is proposed to regulate power and efficiency. Finally, a 5.7 kW full-power prototype is implemented. Experiments are performed using three special parameter combinations, which validated the sensitivity concern and the feasibility of the proposed frequency tuning method.

Bandīś-s in khayāl of Indian classical music: a study of selected song-texts with special reference to the bandīś-s of sadāraṇg in Hindustani music

Melody is the soul of Indian classical music. A musician presents different captivating melodic motions of a certain set of notes, showing their diverse permutations and combinations as well as their hidden beauty. This melodic exposition decorates the mind with several melodic expressions and embellishments and is hence referred to as Rāg – which brings aesthetic pleasure. The main objective of this research is the presentation and style of certain rags, as well as the improvisation of the melodic structure. The data obtained by recording the song's melody audio technique and watching the concert live and all of them will be used to analyze and check the composition of the song. The musical analysis is carried out with respect to Rāg. This is because a composition like a mirror reflects a complete picture of an Rāg. It reveals and also retains its characteristics, such as its ascending and descending notes, its dominating notes, other sub-dominant notes, its intricacies, and its special combination of notes, i.e., svara-sañgati. The different Bandīś-s in an Rāg highlight the different aspects and shades in which it can be rendered. The results of this study indicate that compositions in Indian music are a combination of traits that includes the aspects of the musical structure, vocal style and techniques, instrumentation, rhythmic style, and poetry. Bandīś in Khyāl of Hindustani music refers to the text of the composition. The text is marked by the elegant use of words. The musical structure of Bandīś-s is comprised of certain essential laya (Tempo), tāl (beat), Rāg (melody), and dhātu-s (the melodic component)

Ion-Exchange Strategy for Metal-Organic Frameworks-Derived Composites with Tunable Hollow Porous and Microwave Absorption.

Hollow metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) with careful phase engineering have been considered to be suitable candidates for high-performance microwave absorbents. However, there has been a lack of direct methods tailored to MOFs in this area. Here, a facile and safe Ni2+ -exchange strategy is proposed to synthesize graphite/CoNi alloy hollow porous composites from Ni2+ concentration-dependent etching of Zeolite imidazole frame-67 (ZIF-67) MOF and subsequent thermal field regulation. Such a special combination of hollow structure and carefully selected hybrid phase are with optimized impedance matching and electromagnetic attenuation. Especially, the suitable carrier transport model and the rich polarization site enhance the dielectric loss, while more significant hysteresis loss and more natural resonance increase the magnetic loss. As a result, excellent microwave absorbing (MA) performances of both broadband absorption (7.63GHz) and high-efficiency loss (-63.79dB) are obtained. Moreover, the applicability and practicability of the strategy are demonstrated. This work illustrates the unique advantages of ion-exchange strategy in structure design, component optimization, and electromagnetic regulation, providing a new reference for the 5G cause and MA field.

A novel bidirectional nonuniform hybrid circuit breaker considering different direction protection requirements

Hybrid switching technologies such as zero voltage switching (ZVS) and zero current switching (ZCS) are widely accepted to protect DC power systems from different kinds of faults. However, in some cases such as the protection of DC generators in the electrical distribution system of modern ships, different protection strategies are needed for faults in different directions and both ZVS and ZCS technologies may be needed in one circuit breaker. This special protection requirement will lead to being more complicated in the bidirectional protection of the system and limits the application of the hybrid circuit breakers. Therefore, a novel bidirectional nonuniform hybrid circuit breaker based on a special combination of ZVS and ZCS technologies is proposed to simplify the overall topology of the circuit breaker. The proposed scheme can interrupt high rate-of-rise fault current in one direction by ZCS technology while interrupting short-circuit current in another direction with short-circuit short-delay strategy by ZVS technology. First, the topology and working principle of the proposed bidirectional nonuniform hybrid circuit breaker are introduced. Moreover, three current commutation processes involved in both directions of fault current interrupting are analysed to achieve the optimal connection structure. Furthermore, a high-speed driving mechanism of the vacuum interrupter (VI) based on the flexible conjunction of an electromagnetic repulsion (EMR) driver and a permanent magnetic (PM) system is introduced and the structure of the optimal connection is designed. Finally, the proposed topology of the hybrid circuit breaker is validated using a realistic 800 V/1600 A prototype. The short-circuit breaking off tests of both directions are conducted. The feasibility of the proposed scheme is verified with these tests.

Deep transfer learning correlation study of electronic and spin properties in buckled III–V monolayers

The correlation study of the electronic and spin properties in the buckled III–V monolayers using the transfer learning network approach is performed. Band engineering based on such approach has been applied to the target parameters of bandgap without spin–orbit coupling and with spin–orbit coupling, spin splitting at K-point in either of valence and conduction bands, and band splitting at Γ-point in the valence band. It is also found that some special nonlinear combination of Group-III and V atomic numbers together with their corresponding atomic mass can accurately describe the mentioned band engineering parameters of III–V monolayers. In this regard, a nonlinear descriptor relation as a function of atomic number and atomic mass is reported for every parameter. The maximum decoupling of Eg, WOS from other compounds is observed for InN, BSb and GaN. For this parameter, heavier compounds tend to have more correlation with the other ones. A similar pattern is observed for EgWS, although the correlation for heavier compounds is more evident. In addition, more compounds demonstrate discriminatory behavior for EgWS. Furthermore, the maximum correlating parameter among III–V compounds is valence band splitting. For heavier compounds, valence and conduction spin-splitting demonstrate sensible discrimination between the band engineering predictions and DFT calculations. Interestingly, for AlSb, a clear independent behavior for conduction band spin-splitting is also reported.

Properties of Hybrid Aluminium-Steel Joints Made by Resistance Spot Welding

Resistance spot welding has significant role in the joining technologies of automotive industry. In the recent period there were some rival technologies, but resistance spot welding remains important. This has numerous reasons however mass production is one of the main motivations. The applied base materials both steel and aluminium develop rapidly. The dual-phase (DP) steels with different strength are typical in the automotive chassis, and the high strength aluminium alloys also continuously spread. These special material combinations mean new challenges for joining technologies, sometimes hybrid aluminium - steel joints should be prepared. In this paper hybrid joints between DP800 steel and 5754-H22/6082-T6 sheets were prepared. The microstructural and strength properties of the joints were investigated and compared. An intermetallic compound was formed between the dissimilar sheets during welding which is basically determine the joint properties.

Predictor feedback models for stick balancing with delay mismatch and sensory dead zones.

Human stick balancing is investigated in terms of reaction time delay and sensory dead zones for position and velocity perception using a special combination of delayed state feedback and mismatched predictor feedback as a control model. The corresponding mathematical model is a delay-differential equation with event-driven switching in the control action. Due to the sensory dead zones, initial conditions of the actual state cannot always be provided for an internal-model-based prediction, which indicates that (1) perfect prediction is not possible and (2) the delay in the switching condition cannot be compensated. The imperfection of the predictor is described by the delay mismatch, which is treated as a lumped parameter that creates a transition between perfect predictor feedback (zero delay mismatch) and delayed state feedback (mismatch equal to switching delay). The maximum admissible switching delay (critical delay) is determined numerically based on a practical stabilizability concept. This critical delay is compared to a realistic reference value of 230 ms in order to assess the possible regions of the threshold values for position and velocity perception. The ratio of the angular position and angular velocity for 44 successful balancing trials by 8 human subjects was used to validate the numerical results. Comparison of actual human stick balancing data and numerical simulations based on the mismatched predictor feedback model provided a plausible range of parameters: position detection threshold 1°, velocity detection threshold between 4.24 and 9.35°/s, and delay mismatch around 100-150 ms.

시뮬레이션 프로그램을 이용한 Melanopic-to-photopic Ratio(α-opic) 및 연색특성 향상에 대한 연구

Invention of artificial lights has extended human activity time, which has greatly contributed to the development of modern civilization. However, continuous exposure of artificial lights has reduced human sleeping time, which causes a decrease in melatonin production resulting in the side effects such as insomnia, depression, and so on. To prevent the reduction of melatonin by the artificial lights, LED packages helping melatonin generation have been developed. While the commercial LED packages have a high melanopic to photopic ratio (M/P ratio) due to their peak wavelength near the melatonic response around 490nm, those cannot accurately express several colors, that is, give a low R<SUB>9</SUB> or R<SUB>12</SUB> value less than 60 resulting from the peak. Since M/P ratio has a similar formula to that of scotopic to photopic ratio (S/P ratio), the former would have a trade-off relation with color rendering properties as the latter. Therefore, those should be optimized to have values above a certain level by adjusting LED package’s spectral compositions. In this study, M/P ratio and color rendering characteristics were simulated by special combination of 4 blue LEDs and 7 types of phosphors. As a result, the M/P ratios were 0.67, 0.72, 0.78, 0.9, 1.04, 1.14, 1.23, and 1.35 or more. Also, the color rendering properties were R<SUB>a</SUB>≥89, R<SUB>9</SUB>≥75, R<SUB>12</SUB>≥80, R<SUB>9-14</SUB>≥83, and Q<SUB>a</SUB>≥79.

Effective Prediction of Heart Disease Through Machine Learning

In present times, in the field of healthcare, identification of heart disease is difficult. Just because of this heart disease, around one person passes away per minute in the modern era. There is a requirement of automation of prediction system to avoid hazard related with it as well as aware the patient’s health in advance. There are various ML techniques that have been exposed to be helpful in supporting predictions and making decisions from the huge data which is generated through the medical industries. In this article, we offer a new system that intends to focus on important features through concerning machine learning methods that result in improved accurateness within the heart disease prediction. The proposed model is established by special features combinations and numerous recognized classification methods. We generate an improved performance level through an above 80% accuracy level throughout the proposed model intended for heart disease prediction system by the hybrid model. Therefore, this article represents a relative learning by evaluating the performance of various machine learning techniques.

Effect of high-density additional rippled patterns on ripple density resolution thresholds

This study aims to spot an effect of the density of an additional rippled signal on ripple density resolution thresholds when this density is greatly exceeding the density of the main signal. In such a case a spectrum is formed from two harmonic functions. Therefore, a phase-reversed spectral ripple resolution test was used in this research, which includes two experimental paradigms. In both 2 oct narrowband white noise passes through pre-made filters. A ripple density of the additional signal was varied from 10 to 50 ripples/oct. In a rippled test and reference stimuli the mean resolution was 9 ripples/oct. This fact supports the involvement of cochlear excitation patterns for the discrimination of such signals. In a test with the stimuli with an additional rippled signal and non-rippled reference signal the thresholds cannot be reduced to mean value. However, the ripple density resolution thresholds for 20, 30, and 50 ripple densities of additional signal gravitate towards the value of 11,25 ripples/oct. The ripple density resolution thresholds for 10 and 15 ripples/oct are higher than the other values what suggests a special combination of spectral and temporal mechanisms.

Идентификация квадратичного ядра уравнения Вольтерра для моделирования нелинейных динамических систем

In the last two decades, integral models have been used to describe the dynamics of stationary nonlinear systems in which the terms of the Volterra series are the kernels. The most commonly used are the linear term (the impulse transition function depends on one variable) and the quadratic term (depending on two variables). An active experiment in which a special combination of rectangular pulses is fed to the input of the system is carried out to select two of its components in the output signal of the identified system - the output of the linear "subsystem" and the output of the "quadratic" subsystem. After isolating the output of the "quadratic" subsystem, the identification of the quadratic term of the Volterra series is reduced to solving a two-dimensional integral equation of the first kind. In the literature, inversion formulas are given in which the quadratic kernel function is obtained as a result of arithmetic operations with second-order derivatives of the output signal. Differentiation of functions is an incorrectly posed problem, when small errors in the assignment of a function (measurement noise) cause large errors in derivatives (especially in second-order derivatives). The paper proposes the use of smoothing cubic splines for stable calculation of derivatives. To calculate the mixed second-order derivative, a spline with two variables is built - a smoothing bicubic spline. The main problem that arises in practice when processing the data of a real experiment is the selection of a smoothing parameter, on the value of which a smoothing error of noisy data depends. As a rule, the value of the variance of the measurement noise is unknown in the experiment. Therefore, in this work, it is proposed to use an algorithm based on the L-curve method to select the smoothing parameter in the constructed splines (especially in the bicubic one), which does not require setting the variance of the measurement noise. The proposed identification algorithm has a high computational efficiency. The performed computational experiment showed a small methodical error (about 1%) and good resistance to noise in measurements of the output signals of the identified system. To reduce the random component of the identification error, it is proposed to use post-processing with a local-spatial compound filter.

Supramolecular engineering of nacre-inspired bio-based nanocomposite coatings with exceptional ductility and high-efficient self-repair ability

Intelligence polymeric coatings with excellent self-healing ability and mechanical properties, as well as fine shielding and durability, are of enormous significance to metal corrosion protection technology. Herein, a novel biomimetic nanocomposite coating was obtained by integrating self-healing bio-based polymer and modified graphene oxide hybrids into the artificial nacre material system in this work. Based on the formation of a typical nacre-like structure, the material shows excellent strain resistance (617%) and ultimate tensile strength (5.1 MPa), realizing a special combination of practical repair performance and mechanical strength of the wise coating. Benefiting from the high internal resin network density quadruple dynamically reversible supramolecular hydrogen bonds, the coating material exhibited an exceptional and efficient self-healing ability at room temperature (10 min). In addition, the distinguished long-term corrosion media barrier properties of the biomimetic coating are endowed by graphene oxide (GO) platelets with high barrier properties. Importantly, the selection of bio-based epoxy resins improves the sustainable economic application of engineered coatings in contrast to the application of traditional epoxy resin coatings. Therefore, this kind of bio-based biomimetic coating displays broad application potential as an intelligent self-healing protective material in electronic devices, engineering equipment, and other fields.

Integrating three-loop modular graph functions and transcendentality of string amplitudes

Modular graph functions (MGFs) are SL(2, ℤ)-invariant functions on the Poincaré upper half-plane associated with Feynman graphs of a conformal scalar field on a torus. The low-energy expansion of genus-one superstring amplitudes involves suitably regularized integrals of MGFs over the fundamental domain for SL(2, ℤ). In earlier work, these integrals were evaluated for all MGFs up to two loops and for higher loops up to weight six. These results led to the conjectured uniform transcendentality of the genus-one four-graviton amplitude in Type II superstring theory. In this paper, we explicitly evaluate the integrals of several infinite families of three-loop MGFs and investigate their transcendental structure. Up to weight seven, the structure of the integral of each individual MGF is consistent with the uniform transcendentality of string amplitudes. Starting at weight eight, the transcendental weights obtained for the integrals of individual MGFs are no longer consistent with the uniform transcendentality of string amplitudes. However, in all the cases we examine, the violations of uniform transcendentality take on a special form given by the integrals of triple products of non-holomorphic Eisenstein series. If Type II superstring amplitudes do exhibit uniform transcendentality, then the special combinations of MGFs which enter the amplitudes must be such that these integrals of triple products of Eisenstein series precisely cancel one another. Whether this indeed is the case poses a novel challenge to the conjectured uniform transcendentality of genus-one string amplitudes.