Special Capacity Research Articles

Special means in police activity: a new concept

The article is devoted to a theoretical study of the problems of legal regulation of the use of special means by police officers during the performance of official duties. The analysis was carried out and the general characteristics of the existing classification of special means, the interpretation of the normative-legal definition of the methods of their implementation, and the lack of a unified view of these elements of official activity were noted.
 It is noted about the peculiarities during the introduction of martial law of the service and service-combat activities of the police, which consist in the possibility for its employees to use any improvised means in a special capacity and to ignore the general rules (order and conditions) of application in cases of the need to repel an attack or detain a person and elimination of danger in a state of extreme necessity regarding a certain category of offenders: persons participating in armed aggression against Ukraine. It is emphasized that an official interpretation of such a right is required in the field of application of special means.
 It was determined that special means are used mainly within the scope of police powers, either preventive (inadmissibility of injuries) or coercive (maximum lethal consequences, disabling of personnel and military equipment). But some of the provided means have a combined scope of application, and during the period of martial law they can change their purpose depending on the situation of use, which requires a review of the affiliation of certain special means to coercive ones. The problems of the ambiguity of enlisting service animals as coercive police measures, as well as the lack of certainty among special means that allow the exercise of official powers, such as those belonging to mandatory tactical medical equipment, are highlighted. This will make it possible to harmonize the terminology used in the relevant law ("medical", "pre-medical", "non-medical" assistance).
 The validity of a conceptually and fundamentally new approach to the existing system of special means, which are used or used for the performance of police powers, is determined, and its improvement is a promising direction of law-making.

OPERASI UDARA KHUSUS TNI ANGKATAN UDARA MENGHADAPI ANCAMAN SESAR LEMBANG

The theory in this research is the theory of special air operations, disaster theory, vulnerability, regional capacity, risk, and resilience. The research method uses qualitative methods with source triangulation techniques using GIS and Powersim software. The results of this study are, first, the implementation of OPDPB through Preliminary Operations (Territorial Task Force, Information Task Force, Air Base Elements, Pasgat Task Force, and Aviation Support Task Force), Basic Operations (Information Task Force, Joint Task Force, C-130 Transport Element, Helicopter Element), Termination Operations (Legal Task Force, Info Task Force). Second, the geospatial map of the distribution of multi-hazard risk levels with a Low-Risk level of 0.32 (Kabupaten Purwakarta and Subang), and a High-Risk level of 0.68% (Bandung Regency, West Bandung Regency, Cimahi City, Bandung City, and Sumedang Regency). Third, recommendations for disaster risk reduction by reducing the value of social vulnerability, physical vulnerability, economic vulnerability, and environmental vulnerability through strengthening resilience (PSBB, local wisdom, volunteers) to face the threat of the Lembang Fault.

Violence in digital communication social media through the of installing technique

Among the most important risks that threaten social life and social communication in virtual societies; Violence in all its forms circulated in the virtual space. Social, communicative and psychological studies in this field showed the negative effects that society is witnessing as a result of the increasing phenomenon. These spaces have become a platform for violent and hate speech, instead of raising awareness in combating and preventing it. Manifestations of violence and hate speech have become entrenched in social networks as a result of lack of awareness on the one hand, and on the other hand, due to the user's lack of reservation to use phrases or publish pictures or contents offensive to individuals and institutions through the technique of installing photos and videos …, as a matter of taking into account the reasons, identities have become Anonymous or borrowed default uses verbal violence to pass its agenda and tear the social and emotional fabric of society. Hate speech that is disseminated through social networks usually leads to intolerance and generates hateful speeches. Before it multiplies, it spreads and amplifies through social media channels, and sometimes these echoes resonate. Contents through TV channels and newspapers alike, and have a special capacity for existing tensions between different groups and ignite violence among their members, as they may raise new concerns about the association of inflammatory discourse through these spaces with acts of violence. It may be a motive for accidents that contribute to psychological, social, economic, emotional, material and physical harm to people. The use of social networks has become aimed at distorting facts, spreading falsehood, and seditious violent discourse,. As for the methods of preventing violence, it requires addressing the factors leading to violence and treating them in a scientific way, and preventive efforts must focus on the stages of childhood and adolescence and the role of educational institutions in this, given that the behavior of violence consists mostly of early childhood, according to psychological studies.

Development of physical qualities of volleyball players

The paper considers that playing volleyball requires maximum manifestation of physical capabilities, willpower and the ability to use acquired skills from athletes. Physical training is one of the most important components of the training of athletes specializing in volleyball. It is aimed at the development of such motor qualities, namely: strength, speed, endurance, flexibility and coordination abilities. Physical training in volleyball is usually divided into general and special. General physical training is aimed at the harmonious development of motor skills in volleyball, which indirectly contribute to achieving high results in this game sport. The special physical training of athletes specializing in volleyball is aimed at the development of movement qualities, strictly in accordance with the requirements set by the specifics of the sport, the specifics of the intended activity and the duration of the competition. In volleyball, physical qualities are conditionally divided into general and special. General – strength, speed, endurance, dexterity, flexibility, which largely determine the comprehensiveness of physical development and health of athletes. On the highly developed base of the physical qualities listed above, special physical qualities are developed, which are necessary for playing volleyball: "explosive" strength, speed of movement and jumping, speed, jumping and game endurance, acrobatic and jumping dexterity. The main tasks of physical training are to constantly increase the functional capabilities of the volleyball players' bodies, which determine the level of development of their physical qualities and gradually bring them to intensive loads that ensure the growth of special work capacity and the achievement of optimal sports results.

Turn-taking skills in mammals: A systematic review into development and acquisition

How human language evolved remains one of the most intriguing questions in science, and different approaches have been used to tackle this question. A recent hypothesis, the Interaction Engine Hypothesis, postulates that language was made possible through the special capacity for social interaction involving different social cognitive skills (e.g., joint attention, common ground) and specific characteristics such as face-to-face interaction, mutual gaze and turn-taking, the exchange of rapid communicative turns. Recently, it has been argued that this turn-taking infrastructure may be a foundational and ancient mechanism of the layered system of language because communicative turn-taking has been found in human infants and across several non-human primate species. Moreover, there is some evidence for turn-taking in different mammalian taxa, especially those capable of vocal learning. Surprisingly, however, the existing studies have mainly focused on turn-taking production of adult individuals, while little is known about its emergence and development in young individuals. Hence, the aim of the current paper was 2-fold: First, we carried out a systematic review of turn-taking development and acquisition in mammals to evaluate possible research bias and existing gaps. Second, we highlight research avenues to spur more research into this domain and investigate if distinct turn-taking elements can be found in other non-human animal species. Since mammals exhibit an extended development period, including learning and strong parental care, they represent an excellent model group in which to investigate the acquisition and development of turn-taking abilities. We performed a systematic review including a wide range of terms and found 21 studies presenting findings on turn-taking abilities in infants and juveniles. Most of these studies were from the last decade, showing an increased interest in this field over the years. Overall, we found a considerable variation in the terminologies and methodological approaches used. In addition, studies investigating turn-taking abilities across different development periods and in relation to different social partners were very rare, thereby hampering direct, systematic comparisons within and across species. Nonetheless, the results of some studies suggested that specific turn-taking elements are innate, while others are acquired during development (e.g., flexibility). Finally, we pinpoint fruitful research avenues and hypotheses to move the field of turn-taking development forward and improve our understanding of the impact of turn-taking on language evolution.

Electron Beam Etching of Cellulose Microgels for Absorptive Separation of DMSO from Reactions of 5-Hydroxymethylfurfural Synthesis.

In this study, an efficient method for the separation of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural by the specific adsorption of dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) with cellulose microgels fabricated by electron beam irradiation was developed. The cellulose microgel was recovered and reused although this was accompanied by a decrease in the separation efficiency. A series of characterizations, including ultraviolet and infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, differential scanning calorimetry, thermogravimetric analysis, and swelling ability tests, were performed to determine the adsorption behavior of the chemical structures of the microgel toward DMSO. The results showed that after the first run, the chemical structure of the recovered microgel did not change significantly. Electron-beam etching played a pivotal role in conferring a special capacity for enriching DMSO in its matrix on the microgel.

Cost-effective ecofriendly nanoparticles for rapid and efficient indigo carmine dye removal from wastewater: Adsorption equilibrium, kinetics and mechanism

In this study, a novel, ecofriendly and inexpensive nanoscale adsorbent, derived from the byproducts of water industry (nWTRs), was prepared and characterized for efficient removal of Indigo Carmine (IC) dye from contaminated water. The adsorption study analyzed the influence of pH, adsorbent/IC solution ratio, exposure time, IC concentration, and temperature to maximize IC dye removal from contaminated wastewater. The adsorption equilibrium data fitted to Langmuir model whereas power function and first order models fitted the adsorption kinetic data. The maximum adsorption capacity ( q max ) of IC was found to be 30.86 mg ⋅ g −1 for bulk WTR and 172.4 mg ⋅ g −1 for nWTR. The nanosized adsorbent was 5.6 times more effective than the bulk WTR and the adsorption equilibrium can be reached within 30 min. The thermodynamic study in the interval 25–45 °C proved that IC adsorption in nWTR was spontaneous and endothermic. Hydrogen bonding, Al and Fe complexes formation and electrostatic interlinkage are the dominant processes of IC adsorption in nWTR. Repeated cycles of adsorption/desorption of IC in nWTR confirmed the stability of the adsorbent. The excellent IC dye removal efficiency of nWTRs from textile industry effluent suggests its promising potential in remediating IC contaminated wastewater. • Water treatment residuals (WTR) showed a special capacity for the adsorption of Indigo Carmine from textile wastewater effluents. • The nanosized particles of WTR were 5.6 times more effective in the adsorption process than the bulk WTR. • Repeated cycles of adsorption/desorption of IC in WTR confirmed the reversibility of the process and the stability of the adsorbent.

Rebooting the systems approach by applying the thinking of Bogdanov and the pragmatists

AbstractThe systems approach continues to lack agreed philosophical foundations. As a result, it has become fragmented and offers numerous different theories and methodologies. This proliferation of perspectives makes it difficult for those in other disciplines to interact with and learn from systems thinkers and vice versa. It also puts practitioners off. They are confused and find it hard to believe that the systems approach has the special capacity it claims for helping them succeed in the volatile, uncertain, complex, ambiguous world in which they have to act. This paper argues that the systems approach needs rebooting on the basis of the work of Bogdanov and the pragmatists if it is to realize its full theoretical and practical potential. This task is less daunting than may at first appear. The systems approach has, often without realizing it, taken forward the tradition of thought initiated by Bogdanov and the pragmatists. This is true whether in the guise of general systems theory, cybernetics, complexity theory or systems methodologies. There is a bright future for the systems approach if it self‐consciously embraces that philosophical tradition, further develops it and enhances its practice. A philosophically empowered systems approach, united in its aspirations, can play a leading role in improving life on our planet.

Special Capacity Building Workshop in Bali in The Recovery of Tourism Sector in Bali During Covid-19 Pandemic

This study aims to find out and describe the collaboration between the United Nations World Tourism Organization (UNWTO) and Indonesia in supporting the development of the tourism sector in Bali during the Covid-19 pandemic. The research method uses the theory of international cooperation and tourism development with a descriptive type of research, secondary data, namely the data used obtained from the results of secondary data interpretation including articles, books and access to electronic media as well as qualitative data analysis techniques. The results of this study show that the cooperation of the United Nations World Tourism Organization (UNWTO) with Indonesia in supporting the development of the tourism sector in Bali during the Covid-19 pandemic includes conducting a special capacity building workshop in Bali on restarting international tourism in Bali and Bali will host the 2022 World Tourism Day activities with the theme "Rethinking Tourism".

Fast selection opportunity of salt tolerant guar bean genotypes with GGE biplot method

ABSTRACT In this study, 81 guar bean genotypes developed in Turkey were tested in the germination stage under saline conditions, and Genotype-Genotype-Environment (GGE) biplot method was used to identify salt tolerant and sensitive genotypes. In the study, irrigation waters with six different Electrical Conductivity (ECi = 0.5 [control], 6, 8, 10, 12, and 15 dS m−1) levels were used. Split-plots experimental design was used in the study, and it was carried out in a laboratory environment with three replications. A dry-weight-based stress tolerance index (STI) was calculated for each ECi level. Salt treatments were considered as environments in GGE biplot analysis conducted for genotype selection based on salt concentrations. Seedling dry weight of some genotypes significantly decreased after 8 dS m−1 level and such decreases were more remarkable in the other genotypes after 12 dS m−1 level. It was concluded that ECi = 8 dS m−1 level could be used for selection of genotypes with moderate salt tolerance and high adaptation capacity and ECi = 12 dS m−1 level could be used for selection of genotypes with a high salt tolerance and special adaptation capacity. It was also concluded that the GGE biplot method quite facilitated the selection of genotypes tolerant to abiotic stressors, especially to salt stress.

Charismatic Children: Heredity, Environment and ICTs

The aim of this article is to investigate whether or not charisma in children is considered inherited or not. There is no generally accepted definition of the gifted-charismatic child. However, various definitions of intellectual superiority include either general high capacity or high special capacity. The charisma of a child becomes apparent early in life. It can be considered as a biologically rooted label for a high level of intelligence, which shows an advanced and accelerating development of functions within the brain that allow its more efficient use. However, an interaction between the environment and the genetic framework creates intelligence, even the perception of reality. It is often difficult to separate the influences of genetics and the environment on human traits. Genetic traits do not appear instantly at the time of birth; instead, they tend to follow inherent epigenetic development pathways. Charismatic children develop asynchronously: their minds are often more ahead of their natural development and specific cognitive and emotional functions often develop differently at different stages of development. Finally, both the genetic material of the child, the environment within which the child grows and the ICTs usage and training, contribute to the development of charisma.

Ecotheological Community and the Question of Non-Human Animals Understood as Persons

Ecotheological Community and the Question of Non-Human Animals Understood as Persons

Institutional adaptability: its relevance for enhancing resilience and smart specialization capacity of the European Union’s lagging regions

ABSTRACT After the 2008 financial crisis, institutional adaptability and economic diversification through smart specialization have been considered key forces for attaining an effective resilience trajectory of regional economies. Successful policy responses should not capture only limited, conjunctural and transitory measures, but should rather promote pro-active capabilities, able to cope with spatial perturbations and related drastic transformations, thus generating a more efficient regional development pattern. In this process, the economic and institutional factors, the conditions under which changes occur, as well as the actors of change play a pivotal role. The paper traces whether institutional arrangements have a decisive impact on the recovery of the European Union’s lagging regions after the economic crisis and whether these could be instrumental in developing a smart specialization potential, which could make regions even more capable to enhance strong adaptive mechanisms. Using a mix of econometric methods (e.g. panel analysis, logistic regression) to emphasize both institutional and smart specialization aspects in the European Union core-periphery differentiation, the present study is based on a multidisciplinary approach. The results highlight that the existence of smart specialization capacity is associated with higher institutional adaptability; they also distinguish between relevant resilience characteristics of the European regions and formulate appropriate response policies for strengthening their specialization potential.

Geographic Information System (GIS) as an Information Media in the Field of Environmental Health: Literature Review

Geographic Information System (GIS) is a system with a collection of data that has a special capacity to combine data, coordinate data, and perform data checks that produce output to be used as a source of decision making. Geographic Information Systems (GIS) can be linked to health information at a particular location, combine, analyze and produce the health information according to activities in the health sector per location. Furthermore, the use of Geographic Information Systems (GIS) is planned to determine areas, conditions, styles, patterns and models related to the health sector. Geographic Information System (GIS) can create a map display by knowing the data from the map and other related data in presenting information about an area on the map.

Anticorrosion of hydrophobic membrane on aluminum electrode for alkaline quasi solid Al-air batteries

Primary quasi-solid Al-air batteries with hydrogel have attracted increasing research attention owing to their high energy density, ionic conductivity, good handling and safety. However, a severe corrosion at open-circuit potential destroy the lifespan and performance of discharge. Suppressing the corrosion of Al anode at standby is of great importance. Here, we present a coating hydrophobic membrane on Al surface to restrain open-circuit corrosion, where the hydrophobic property of the protective membrane is analyzed by contact angle test, changing from 22.48 to 149.48°. The results of electrochemical polarization measurement demonstrate that the corrosion inhibition efficiency of the hydrophobic membrane are 81.6%. Also, the discharge performance of assemble quasi solid Al-air batteries are revealed, and compared with pure Al electrode, the lifetime and special capacity of coated Al electrode is enhanced, expressing special capacity of 1126 mA h g−1 at 10 mA cm−2 and a power density of 36.3 mW cm−2. Meanwhile, the lifespan of coated Al electrode is approximately prolonged by 34% at interval discharge mode. This work demonstrates a hydrophobic membrane on Al-electrode opens up a prospect of a corrosion inhibition for Al-air batteries.

The Procedure for Establishing the Legal Status of Participants in Remote Digital Investment Transactions

Statement of the Problem. The author investigates the problem of regulating the procedure of revealing the legal status of the participants of remote-digital investment transactions performed in the information space. Goals and Tasks of the Research. In remote-digital investment transactions a natural person interacts with a legal entity. Often the transaction involves a subject of special legal capacity. The activity of professional securities participants is licensed. Such subjects are included by the Bank of Russia in special registers, which, in the author’s opinion, is not much different from licensing. Although credit organizations dominate in the composition of investment intermediaries, other types of economic companies also participate, so the establishment of the legal status of the said legal entity as a proper party to the transaction is of great importance for the investment turnover. Methods. In spite of the fact that the procedure for determining the legitimacy of an investment intermediary is regulated in sufficient detail, the author, using a systematic approach to the subject of research, applied a set of general scientific methods (dialectical, hypothetic and deductive, methods of analysis, synthesis, generalization and empirical description) and special scientific methods of knowledge (comparative and legal, dogmatic, structural and functional) for detailed analysis of legislative approach to defining the legal status of professional participants of securities market. Results. The approaches to the legal regulation of establishing the legitimacy of participation in the transaction of the investment intermediary, the recipient of the investment, the private investor itself are highlighted. The conclusion that the establishment of a proper party to the transaction of an investment intermediary – a legal entity – is conditioned by the need to check the availability and validity of its license with the website of the Bank of Russia has been substantiated. The establishment of a proper party to the transaction – the recipient of the investment – a legal entity requires a thorough examination of its website on the Internet. A number of proposals are made on the procedure for determining, by means of modern computer technologies, the eligibility of a citizen – private investor to participate in a remote-digital investment transaction on the basis of his personal account on the GOSSLUGI portal

Special Education Teacher Leadership: Toward a Teacher Leadership Framework for Professional Development

ABSTRACT Through the design of a survey and measure validation using exploratory factor analysis (EFA), we aimed to identify and define constructs required for special education teacher leadership that may inform the focus of professional development opportunities. Results of the analysis indicate a four-factor model is best suited for measuring special education teacher leadership capacity at the individual level. The teacher leadership domains that were defined through the EFA were as follows: (a) pedagogical confidence, (b) ethical considerations, (c) collaboration, and (d) assessment practices. Additionally, we identify differences between general and special education teacher identification of leadership skills, which can assist in targeting professional development to the specific needs of special education teachers that differ from general educators. Implications for research and professional development are presented to improve our understanding of and preparation of special teacher leadership. Through this work, we present a teacher leadership framework for the professional development of special education teacher leadership.

Graphene Oxide Wrapped ZnMnO3 Nanorod as Advanced Cathode for Aqueous Zinc‐Ion Batteries

Aqueous zinc‐ion batteries (ZIBs) have attracted much attention due to the low cost and high safety. However, sluggish reaction kinetics and poor cycling stability hinder their further application. Herein, a graphene oxide wrapped ZnMnO3 nanorod (ZMO/GO) is successfully prepared and employed as cathode in ZIBs. Battery with ZMO/GO cathode demonstrates favorable special capacity of 174.8 mAh g−1 at a current density of 0.1 A g−1 and sufficient stability at 2 A g−1. The superior electrochemical performance may be attributed to the GO with high electrical conductivity and ZMO with fast H+ diffusion.

Why the extended mind is nothing special but is central

The extended mind thesis states that the mind is not brain-bound but extends into the physical world. The philosophical debate around the thesis has mostly focused on extension towards epistemic artefacts, treating the phenomenon as a special capacity of the human organism to recruit external physical resources to solve individual tasks. This paper argues that if the mind extends to artefacts in the pursuit of individual tasks, it extends to other humans in the pursuit of collective tasks. Mind extension to other humans corresponds essentially to the ‘we-mode’ of cognition, the unique power of human minds to be jointly directed at goals, intentions, states of affairs, or values (which, importantly, differs from having a ‘group mind’). Because the capacity for collective intentionality holds evolutionary and developmental primacy over human-epistemic artefacts relations, the extended mind should not be seen as a special phenomenon, but as a central aspect of the human condition. The original extended mind thesis carried important implications for how the cognitive sciences should proceed. In a version of the thesis that accommodates collective intentionality, these implications would go far deeper than originally assumed.

Dendrite-free and corrosion-resistant sodium metal anode for enhanced sodium batteries

Because of the high theoretical special capacity, low cost, and low redox potential of sodium (Na) metal, it has been regarded as an ultimate anode for high-energy–density Na metal batteries. Nevertheless, Na metal suffers from dendrite formation due to a non-uniform Na deposition and unstable interface between Na and electrolyte, resulting in a short circuit and low Coulombic efficiency. Herein, a Zn coating on the Na metal surface as a nucleation and protective layer was fabricated through an in-situ chemical method involving a simple dripping ZnCl2-tetrahydrofuran solution. The Zn coating endows Na with corrosion-resistance in organic ether-based electrolytes and a polysulfide solution. More importantly, Zn coating on Na enables a low nucleation overpotential due to its sodiophilic property, giving rise to a uniform Na deposition. Consequently, Zn-coated Na showed a stable cycling over 1200 h at 1 mA cm−2 with a high capacity of 2 mA h cm−2 in symmetric cells. When combined with Na3V2(PO4)3 cathode, full cells with Zn-coated Na demonstrated a good cycling stability and rate capability. This work presents a simple, effective and promising approach of designing a dendrite-free and corrosion-resistant Na metal anode for enhanced Na metal batteries.