Special Benefits Research Articles

The Effect of Special Treatment Benefits and Confidence Benefits on Consumer Commitment and Consumer Loyalty: A Study on Shopee Users in the Covid 19 Pandemic

This study aims to determine the effect of Special Treatment Benefits and Confidence benefits on Consumer Commitment and Consumer Loyalty to Shoppe users in the Pandemic Era. Tests in this study using 210 respondents. The sampling technique used in this research is purposive sampling. This study uses the Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) data analysis technique which was developed to test the research hypothesis which was processed using the AMOS version 24 program. The data variables used in this study are Special Treatment Benefits, Confidence Benefits, Consumer Commitment, Consumer Loyalty, these variables form five hypotheses. And the results of the analysis in this study indicate that Special Treatment Benefits have a positive effect on Consumer Commitment, Special Treatment Benefits have a positive effect on Consumer Loyalty, Confidence Benefits have a positive effect on Consumer Commitment, Confidence Benefits have a positive effect on Consumer Loyalty, and Consumer Commitment has a positive effect on Consumer Loyalty.

Policy Evaluation on Food Safety Regulation: Study Case on Risk Management Program on Food Safety in Indonesia

In 2015, the Indonesian FDA issued Head of Indonesian FDA Regulation Number 14 of 2015 revised by Head of Indonesia FDA number 2 of 2017 then Head of Indonesia FDA number 21 of 2019 concerning the Implementation of the Risk Management Program (RMP) on Food Safety in Food Industry. This regulation mandatory requires foodstuff intended for particular nutritional uses (such as milk formula) and low acid can food industry in Indonesia to implement a risk-based food safety self-regulatory control system. This study aims to identify parameters of costs, problems, challenges, and benefits in implementing and operating RMP as a policy evaluation in the perspective of economic aspect. The result showed cost parameters that were considered important in the implementation of RMP, including documenting system, costs related to staff training, the cost for investment in new technology and equipment, and external consultant. While the benefit parameters that are expected by the industry in implementing RMP include the fast-track scheme optimization which is a special benefit from RMP, RMP branding to the public, and lifting obligation for HACCP certification for foodstuff intended for particular nutritional uses industry. These parameters are expected to be the basis for policymakers to improve the implementation of RMP.

Determinants of Consumers' Trust in Biotech Brands and Purchase Intentions towards the Cord Blood Products.

The development of the biotech industry is in full swing, and consumers have begun to value biotech brands. Since biotech products often focus on the future or special benefits, consumers inevitably bear certain risks when purchasing biotech products, and their trust in the biotech brand will have an important impact on their purchase intention. Previous studies have lacked a targeted understanding of consumer trust in biotech brands and a discussion of cultural viewpoints. This study introduced the concept of personal connections in Chinese relationalism and trust strategies in Chinese society to address this gap. In-depth interviews and focus group discussions were conducted in collaboration with Company X, a listed Taiwanese cord blood company, to extract the key factors influencing consumer trust and purchase intention of biotech brands. After constructing the structure model, the study was validated using a structural equation model through investigation and survey. The findings indicated that consumer trust in biotech brands was constructed by a combination of kinship trust transfer and emergent trust transfer within the consumer relationship network, as well as institutional trust and professional trust outside the relationship network and that a significant positive correlation existed between consumer trust in biotech brands and purchase intention. The acquaintances within the consumer relationship network include not only relatives and friends but also health care workers and netizens that consumers come into contact with. In addition, kinship trust transfer and emergent trust transfer within the consumer relationship network have a greater impact on trust in biotech brands than the institutional trust and professional trust outside the relationship network. The findings of this study deepen the understanding of consumer trust in biotech brands across cultures, and suggest that future marketing communication should be expanded to include key players within the consumer relationship network.

Investigating the Factors Affecting Community Participation to Respond to the Crisis of Covide-19

Investigating the Factors Affecting Community Participation to Respond to the Crisis of Covide-19

A New Case for the Study of Individual Events in Political Science

Abstract Despite significant advances in both quantitative and qualitative methods over the last few years, the discipline of political science has yet to explicitly address the special challenges and benefits of studying specific historical events marked by high levels of contingency. The field of security studies, where concrete historical cases have always played a major role in the development of the subfield, should place special focus on the specific challenges and benefits to the study of such events. Taking full advantage of what event-specific research can teach us, however, will require thinking about generalizability, evidence, the role of contingency, and falsifiability in ways that are not yet fully understood in the discipline. More clarity on such questions will benefit our understanding of like nuclear crises in particular.

The Impact of ACE2 Polymorphisms on COVID-19 Disease: Susceptibility, Severity, and Therapy.

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), has currently spread worldwide, leading to high morbidity and mortality. As the putative receptor of SARS-CoV-2, angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) is widely distributed in various tissues and organs of the human body. Simultaneously, ACE2 acts as the physiological counterbalance of ACE providing homeostatic regulation of circulating angiotensin II levels. Given that some ACE2 variants are known to cause an increase in the ligand-receptor affinity, their roles in acquisition, progression and severity of COVID-19 disease have aroused widespread concerns. Therefore, we summarized the latest literature and explored how ACE2 variants and epigenetic factors influence an individual’s susceptibility to SARS-CoV-2 infection and disease outcome in aspects of ethnicity, gender and age. Meanwhile, the possible mechanisms for these phenomena were discussed. Notably, recombinant human ACE2 and ACE2-derived peptides may have special benefits for combating SARS-CoV-2 variants and further studies are warranted to confirm their effects in later stages of the disease process. As the uncertainty regarding the severity and transmissibility of disease rises, a more in-depth understanding of the host genetics and functional characteristics of ACE2 variants will not only help explain individual clinical differences of the disease, but also contribute to providing effective measures to develop solutions and manage future outbreaks of SARS-CoV-2.

Keutamaan Air Wudu sebagai Kecantikan Wajah: Studi Takhrij dan Syarah Hadis

This study aims to discuss the hadith regarding the virtues of ablution water as facial beauty through the application of takhrij and syarah hadith studies. This research method uses a qualitative approach through literature study related to contemporary analysis. The results of this study found that the hadith about the virtue of ablution as facial beauty is authentic in terms of sanad and matan. The discussion of this research is that on the Day of Resurrection, the people of the Prophet Muhammad. will be presented with a radiant face because of the remnants of the ablution water. The conclusion of this study is that cleanliness, chastity, and beauty can be maintained by carrying out ablution seriously without having to bother looking for and buying the right beauty products for the face. This research is expected to provide special benefits for women in the contemporary era.

Renal denervation in hypertension patients: Proceedings from an expert consensus roundtable cosponsored by SCAI and NKF.

Renal denervation in hypertension patients: Proceedings from an expert consensus roundtable cosponsored by SCAI and NKF.

A Theory of Partial Property Rights and the Illusion of State-Owned Enterprises

Abstract China’s State-Owned Enterprises (SOEs) enjoy many special benefits. They do not turn over profits and rents to the state, they pay much less interests than other enterprises in their use of capital, they enjoy monopolistic power in the marketplace, incomes of SOE employees, including managers, are free of policy restrictions. Because these substantial interests are not transferrable to individuals, competition exists for them. Compared with executives of private enterprise, senior managers of SOEs are 94 times more likely of being convicted of a crime. High benefits enjoyed by senior managers of SOEs come with a great risk. Once the illusion of SOEs is punctured, SOE leaders with higher education and long-term visions may become the driving force of SOE reform.

Interpretational issues concerning animal occupier responsibility

Animals themselves combine special risks and benefits. Article 759 of the Korean Civil Code recognizes the occupier s responsibility for the wrongdoing of animals that can be controlled by humans. While the number of animals used for production or transportation has decreased, the number of households with pets is rapidly increasing due to various factors such as advances in nuclear families. As the bond between humans and animals has expanded, the opportunity for humans to encounter animal risks will inevitably increase. In fact, there are frequent cases of physical or health infringement due to animal accidents. Nevertheless, since most of the disputes between the parties have been resolved by reconciliation, it is hard to find a related case in Korea. This article examines legislative and interpretative issues concerning animal occupier responsibility. The interpretation theory and practical examples of Article 718 of the Japanese Civil Code, which were counted by the Korean Civil Law, give useful implications at this point. This is because while shifting the burden of proof to the occupant, the government strictly restricts the verification and realizes the fair sharing of damages through the legal principles of comparative negligence. Some scholars in Korea suggest that luxury animals and livestock animals should be divided into strict responsibilities in the former and fruit responsibilities in the latter, as in Article 833 of the German Civil Code. However, there is something hard to readily understand because the argument is not sufficient. In modern society, I think there needs to be a deeper discussion on whether it is appropriate to over-expand dangerous materials lacking risk distribution functions, whether animal risks can be equated with unspecified risks created by modern society, and whether there is any fear of damaging human-animal relationships. I hope this article will serve as a small opportunity for the establishment of interpretation of animal occupier responsibility and the progress of legislation.

Customer lifetime value: investigating the factors affecting attitudinal and behavioural brand loyalty

PurposeThis paper investigates the factors affecting customer lifetime value from an attitudinal and behavioural brand loyalty perspective in the Internet service industry. Specifically, willingness to pay more and word of mouth are categorised under attitudinal loyalty, while repurchase intention is classified under behavioural loyalty.Design/methodology/approachA self-administered questionnaire online survey via Google Forms was employed comprising a sample of 481 participants from the Internet service providers. The partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) approach was applied for hypotheses testing.FindingsThe current study found that “brand credibility, special treatment benefits and confidence benefits had a positive and significant influence on willingness to pay more, word of mouth and repurchase intention, with confidence benefits and brand credibility showing as the greatest elements resulting in word of mouth and repurchase intentions, whereas special treatment benefits showing as the greatest element resulting in the willingness to pay more. The results of this study did not show any positive significant between service quality dimensions and true brand loyalty (word of mouth, willingness to pay more and repurchase intention). Results also found that confidence benefits, brand credibility and special treatment benefits had an indirect impact on true brand loyalty through customer satisfaction”.Practical implicationsInternet service providers should develop and maintain good relationships with their customers as the excellence of the customer–service provider relationship can enhance customer lifetime value.Originality/valueThe current work measured customer lifetime value in terms of both the behavioural and attitudinal aspects to represent loyalty, while most previous studies consider only one dimension for this representation. Particularly, customers' true brand loyalty is measured using separate components of repurchase intentions (RIs), willingness to pay more (WPM) and word of mouth (WOM) to deepen the understanding of both managerial interest and academic.

An empirical investigation of the factors affecting customer lifetime value

PurposeThe main objective of this paper is to investigate the factors affecting customer lifetime value (CLV) for Internet service providers in Jordan, namely, technical quality, functional quality, brand credibility, confidence benefits, special treatment benefits, customer satisfaction and commitment.Design/methodology/approachAn online survey was conducted involving a sample of 481 respondents. SPSS was used to analyse the data and test the proposed relationships, while SmartPLS was used to examine the robustness of our results.FindingsResults showed that confidence benefits, special treatment benefits and brand credibility had a significant and positive impact on customer satisfaction and commitment, with brand credibility appearing as the most influential factor leading to customer satisfaction and commitment, and ultimately CLV. Furthermore, research reveals an insignificant relationship between functional quality, technical quality and customer satisfaction.Practical implicationsServices' providers seeking to increase CLV need to build strong and sustainable relationships with their customers.Originality/valueThis study incorporates a set of crucial customer relationship management strategies that could be universally applied to enhance customers benefits and business performance. This is also the first study of its kind conducted in the Middle East, particularly in Jordan.

Chimerism of Carbon by Ruthenium Induces Gradient Catalysis

AbstractImproving the round‐trip efficiency and cycle life of lithium‐oxygen batteries (LOBs) through the cathode design is essential for their employment in electric vehicles. Here, a neoteric chimeric air‐cathode is proposed, in which ultra‐dispersed ruthenium (Ru) nanoparticles are partially confined by microtube walls of free‐standing carbon textiles, but petty parts of Ru with catalytic surfaces are exposed. The special chimeric structure benefits not only for preventing nanocatalysts agglomeration but also tailoring the formation/decomposition mechanisms of lithium peroxide (Li2O2) during oxygen reduction/evolution reactions. Critically, theoretical simulations disclose that the enlarged chimeric catalyst‐support interphase between the Ru and carbon matrix enhances the electron density of Ru particles and then induces a gradient Gibbs free energy of LiO2 adsorption energy at active sites, and thus fundamentally modulates the morphology evolution mechanism of finial Li2O2. In the LOBs, the chimeric electrode affords a remarkably high energy efficiency of 84.1% and long‐term cyclability (260 cycles at 300 mA g−1).

أسباب تأخر إنجاز القوانين الأساسية والمكملة لدستور العراق لعام 2005

The change that took place in Iraq in (2003) and the political and armed conflicts that accompanied it, opened the door to a set of challenges and obstacles, making the House of Representatives an arena for these conflicts. It therefore suffeed from the slow pace of resolving laws that are central to the stability and future of Iraq on the political and economic levels. All social issues, such as the oil and gas law, the Federation Council law, and other important laws referred to in the Iraqi constitution of (2005), to be regulated by a law are among the obstacles that accompanied the legislative process. There is still the absence of a legislative policy that takes into account the priority laws that contributes to building State institutions and meet the desire of the individual and society.This absence is due to the preoccupation of the members of the legislative authority in a struggle to share political interests arising from participation in power, not in order to prepare for the building of a stable institutions state. Add to that the preoccupation of the members of the House of Representatives to meet the demands of their constituents and their absence from attending the sessions of the Council made them far from their main duty which is to legislate. The legislative process faced great challenges represented in the failure to properly implement the political consensus that Iraq adopted after 2003, which led to delaying the enactment of many laws, or the enactment of laws with special benefits for the political blocs participating in the political process at the expense of society. The lack of trust between the political blocs represented in the House of Representatives constitutes a major challenge in enacting laws that affect the lives and dignity of individuals. All these obstacles and challenges have led to the failure to enact laws that contribute to building a state of institutions that guarantee the rights and freedoms of individuals.

THEORETICAL AND LEGAL FOUNDATIONS OF THE INSTITUTION OF ADMINISTRATIVE GUARDIANSHIP AS A WAY TO OVERCOME SOCIAL INSECURITY

Of great theoretical and political-practical importance are the special basic state-legal laws that are included in the block of objective reality of the subject of the theory of state and law. The subject of the theory of state and law in the general scientific doctrine of the discipline is considered by leading scientists ambiguously, but most authors say that a strong state should always take care of its citizens. Such state concern as an element of social protection occupies an independent place among the main democratic features of the Russian Federation. The State, represented by its authorized bodies, provides citizens with special benefits, privileges and incentives, which is confirmed by regulatory acts. One of the elements of the subject of the study of the theory of state and law is the study of the range of problems related to the theoretical and legal foundations of the institute of administrative guardianship. Administrative guardianship has a number of specific features that indicate its important and global significance, especially for an active society. The relevance of the topic is primarily due to the gap in the existing doctrinal practice. It is with regret that we have to state the fact that the absolute majority of the studied educational and scientific literature ignores administrative guardianship. A proper understanding of the mechanism of the institution of administrative guardianship, as well as its practical application, helps to avoid possible problems in the future. The author made an attempt to study the institution of administrative guardianship through the prism of its characteristic legal components. The author draws attention to the fact that at present, due to the current difficult epidemiological situation, people need real support from the state: assistance in finding employment, providing free medical services, payments and other social guarantees provided by the institute of administrative guardianship.

Design and comparative analysis of three phase, four phase and six phase switched reluctance motor topologies for electrical vehicle propulsion

Switched reluctance motor (SRM) is attracting the scientific community in recent days because of its special structural benefits. Good research work has been conducted on this machine since the ages. It has evolved as an alternative to the conventional electrical machines in variable speed drives due to rugged architecture, high-speed operation, four quadrants, lack of magnet, and adaptability to harsh surroundings. This paper reviews different topologies of SRM for electric vehicle (EV) application and a comparative study of suitable machines for electric vehicle propulsion. This paper elaborates on the design methodology and the analysis of various phases of operation of SRMs. During the design procedure, the finite element method (FEM) of optimization is used to enhance motor performance. In this study, the three different phase (3, 4 6) motors are analyzed in machine design software and finite element analysis outcomes and SRM simulation approach are discussed.

Accelerated topological design of metaporous materials of broadband sound absorption performance by generative adversarial networks

The topological design and optimization of metaporous materials is one of the key challenges in the field of sound absorption. Limited by the expensive computational cost, it is particularly disadvantaged when instantaneous multiple designs are required. In recent years, an increasing number of research fields are harnessing machine learning approaches thanks to their experience-free manner and outstanding efficiency. Generative Adversarial Networks (GANs), as a type of machine learning algorithms, enjoy the special benefit of powerful generative capability, making them brilliantly suitable for designing purposes. Additionally, it can fully explore the data distribution space with enormous computational power and create brand new designs. In this work, GANs are newly employed for the topological design of metaporous materials for sound absorption. Trained with numerically prepared data, they successfully propose designs with high-standard broadband absorption performance, verified by simulation and experiment. The designing process is dramatically accelerated by hundreds of times using GANs (100 designs in 4.372 s). This allows GANs to easily provide more structures and configurations, and achieve instantaneous multiple solutions, giving designers more choices to satisfy various constraints such as mass or porosity. In addition, GANs are demonstrated remarkably capable of generating creative configurations and rich local features. This work proposes a new designing principle, illustrates the value of machine learning in guiding the designing and optimizing process in the mechanical world, and opens new possibilities for the future of AI-materials interdisciplinary research.

Analysis of Differentiated Chemical Components between Zijuan Purple Tea and Yunkang Green Tea by UHPLC-Orbitrap-MS/MS Combined with Chemometrics.

Zijuan tea (Camellia sinensis var. assamica cv. Zijuan) is a unique purple tea. Recently, purple tea has drawn much attention for its special flavor and health benefits. However, the characteristic compounds of purple tea compared with green tea have not been reported yet. The present study employed a non-targeted metabolomics approach based on ultra-high performance liquid chromatography (UHPLC)-Orbitrap-tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) for comprehensive analysis of characteristic metabolites between Zijuan purple tea (ZJT) and Yunkang green tea (YKT). Partial least squares-discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) indicated that there are significant differences in chemical profiles between ZJT and YKT. A total of 66 major differential metabolites included catechins, proanthocyanins, flavonol and flavone glycosides, phenolic acids, amino acids and alkaloids were identified in ZJT. Among them, anthocyanins are the most characteristic metabolites. Nine glycosides of anthocyanins and six glycosides of proanthocyanins were found to be significantly higher in ZJT than that in YKT. Subsequently, pathway analysis revealed that ZJT might generate anthocyanins and proanthocyanins through the flavonol and flavone glycosides. Furthermore, quantitative analysis showed absolutely higher concentrations of total anthocyanins in ZJT, which correlated with the metabolomics results. This study presented the comprehensive chemical profiling and the characterized metabolites of ZJT. These results also provided chemical evidence for potential health functions of ZJT.

Preparation, Description and Evaluation of the Lethality Acid Loaded Liposomal Nanoparticles Against in Vitro Colon and Liver Cancer

Today, the use of nanoparticles as carriers in the science of drug delivery is of particular importance. Improving drug performance and reducing side effects due to changes in the pharmacokinetic properties of the drug are special benefits of drug Nano-carriers. Monolayer and bilayer Nano -liposomes were synthesized by reverse phase evaporation and thin film hydration with HEPES buffer and Snoike operation, respectively. Scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy examinations show that Pegylated Nano-Phytosomes have a spherical shape and much less aggregation is observed compared to non-Pegylated Nano-phytosomes. In order to evaluate the rate of drug release and the effect of peeling on the quality of drug release, dialysis bag method was used. The results of drug release indicate the rapid release of the free drug compared to the release of the drug from Glycyrrhizic acid-loaded Nano-Phytosomes. The results of apoptosis test also showed equal distribution of DNA of healthy cells and sphericity of cell nucleus. In order to investigate the effect of cell mortality in the monolayer nano-liposomes section, two HepG2 and KATO III cell lines were used and in the bilayer Nano-Phytosomes section, two cell lines DLD-1 and LIM-2405 related to colon cancer were used.

Comparative-experimental study of different roof types in a tropical climate

Introduction: The implementation of green roofs in buildings has become increasingly common, because it is an ecological construction alternative that provides great benefits, which range from reducing air pollution to improving air conditioning inside of the buildings. Objective: This article aims to evaluate whether extensive green roofs are an energy-valuable option in a tropical climate compared to a thermoacoustic, clay tile, and concrete roof. Methodology: An experimental study was carried out in summer (December) in a tropical climate, where the internal temperature of two identical small buildings was compared except for the roof type. Both small buildings were built with a low construction standard according to buildings of families with low income in this region. Data of internal temperatures and other climatic conditions were analyzed to compare the influence of the roof type on the inner shelter temperature. Results: In these experiments, the average inner shelter temperature of green roofs was lower than the same temperature for thermoacoustic, clay tile and concrete roof and resulted in average temperature differences of 1.8 °C, 0.9 °C and 1.5 °C, respectively (depending on environmental conditions). Conclusions: It was possible to show that the green roof has a greater thermal inertia compared to the others. However, the temperature difference between the green roof and the other roof types was in the same range as in studies conducted in other climatic regions, therefore no special benefit of the green roof has been derived in a warm-tropical climate in this study. However, the low building standard can be of great interest for a final evaluation and the authors recommend to conduct further studies.