Special Background Research Articles

The Penrose limit of the Weyl double copy

Abstract We embed the Penrose limit into the Weyl classical double copy. Thereby, we provide a lift of the double copy properties of plane wave spacetimes into black hole geometries and we open a novel avenue towards taking the classical double copy beyond statements about algebraically special backgrounds. In particular, the Penrose limit, viewed as the leading order Fermi coordinate expansion around a null geodesic, complements approaches leveraging asymptotic flatness such as the asymptotic Weyl double copy. Along the way, we show how our embedding of the Penrose limit within the Weyl double copy naturally fixes the functional ambiguity in the double copy for Petrov type N spacetimes. We also highlight the utility of a spinorial approach to the Penrose limit. In particular, we use this spinorial approach to derive a simple analytical expression for arbitrary Penrose limits of four-dimensional, vacuum type D spacetimes.

Dark gap solitons in bichromatic optical superlattices under cubic-quintic nonlinearities.

We demonstrate the existence of two types of dark gap solitary waves-the dark gap solitons and the dark gap soliton clusters-in Bose-Einstein condensates trapped in a bichromatic optical superlattice with cubic-quintic nonlinearities. The background of these dark soliton families is different from the one in a common monochromatic linear lattice; namely, the background in our model is composed of two types of Gaussian-like pulses, whereas in the monochromatic linear lattice, it is composed of only one type of Gaussian-like pulses. Such a special background of dark soliton families is convenient for the manipulation of solitons by the parameters of bichromatic and chemical potentials. The dark soliton families in the first, second, and third bandgap in our model are studied. Their stability is assessed by the linear-stability analysis, and stable as well as unstable propagation of these gap solitons are displayed. The profiles, stability, and perturbed evolution of both types of dark soliton families are distinctly presented in this work.

Study on the cost composition and control of coal power in China under the perspective of policy evolution

The direction of China's power supply side to cleaner transformation has become a foregone conclusion, the future will mainly rely on new energy and renewable energy, coal-powered units will gradually from the main power supply to the regulating power supply, standby power change. However, due to China's special policy background and the annual rise in coal costs, China's coal power prices have long been subject to high-cost squeeze, cost-price linkage failure one after another, the survival and development of coal power has brought great risks and challenges. Research shows that the policy changes experienced by China's coal power is the primary reason for its cost system composition and price formation. Therefore, this paper takes the evolution of China's coal power reform policy as the entry point for research, reanalyze the cost composition system of coal-fired power and summarize its impact on the cost of coal-fired power, and puts forward suggestions on cost control in the dimension of sustainable development of coal power, which provides an effective reference to the planning and deployment of solving the predicament of transitioning coal power and narrowing down the profit loss.

Peranan Kebudayaan dalam Pembangunan: Perspektif Antropologi

The occurrence of various social conflicts and environmental damage in Indonesia, especially in Central Kalimantan, is assumed to be due to the neglect of cultural values ​​and norms which should be a reference in all development planning and implementation. Management of development by referring to cultural values ​​and norms is in accordance with the mandate of the 1945 Constitution, Regional Autonomy, and the Concept of Dayak Traditional Law and Customs in Central Kalimantan. Objectively, implementing various development programs in community life requires first getting to know the community, especially traditional communities in remote rural areas in Indonesia. The reason is because each community group has its own potential for self-sufficiency which is based on its unique and special socio-cultural background. Therefore, the development programs introduced should be adapted to the needs and potential of each community.

The Influence of the Truth of the Characters on Chinese Films in the 1990s: A Case Study of Farewell My Concubine

The 1990s represent a unique period in Chinese history, during which the characters real-life experiences have a significant impact on both the audience's perception of the characters and their aesthetics, debate and criticism of social reality, and, to some extent, the long-term trajectory of Chinese cinema. This period coincides with the release of Farewell My Concubine in this decade. Under the special background of the times, it tells the story of Duan Xiaolou and Cheng Dieyi. The story, featuring a diverse cast of characters from various social classes, can be regarded as a compilation of humanistic traditions in the 1990s. It encompasses critiques of feudalism, social turmoil, the struggle for survival, and a compassionate exploration of human nature. Additionally, it establishes a solid cinematic groundwork for future investigations into the social context of this era. This story reveals a concealed crisis of survival within a seemingly peaceful social setting, bringing together protagonists with diverse personalities. This paper employs discourse analysis and audio-visual language analysis research methods to examine the impact of character truths on Chinese films from the 1990s. Using the film Farewell My Concubine as an example, the research reveals the personality truths through each persons unique and profound character truth.

The Influence of the Truth of the Characters on Chinese Films in the 1990s: A Case Study of Farewell My Concubine

The 1990s represent a unique period in Chinese history, during which the characters real-life experiences have a significant impact on both the audience's perception of the characters and their aesthetics, debate and criticism of social reality, and, to some extent, the long-term trajectory of Chinese cinema. This period coincides with the release of Farewell My Concubine in this decade. Under the special background of the times, it tells the story of Duan Xiaolou and Cheng Dieyi. The story, featuring a diverse cast of characters from various social classes, can be regarded as a compilation of humanistic traditions in the 1990s. It encompasses critiques of feudalism, social turmoil, the struggle for survival, and a compassionate exploration of human nature. Additionally, it establishes a solid cinematic groundwork for future investigations into the social context of this era. This story reveals a concealed crisis of survival within a seemingly peaceful social setting, bringing together protagonists with diverse personalities. This paper employs discourse analysis and audio-visual language analysis research methods to examine the impact of character truths on Chinese films from the 1990s. Using the film Farewell My Concubine as an example, the research reveals the personality truths through each persons unique and profound character truth.

Variability of Atomic Hydrogen Brightness in the Martian Exosphere: Insights From the Emirates Ultraviolet Spectrometer on Board Emirates Mars Mission

AbstractThe Emirates Mars Ultraviolet Spectrometer (EMUS), aboard the Emirates Mars Mission (EMM), has been conducting observations of ultraviolet emissions within the Martian exosphere. Taking advantage of the distinctive orbit of the EMM around Mars, EMUS utilizes a dedicated strafe observation strategy to scan the illuminated Martian exosphere at tangential altitudes ranging from 130 to over 20,000 km. To distinguish between emissions of Martian origin and those from the interplanetary background, EMUS conducts specialized background observations by looking away from the planet. This approach has allowed us to investigate the radial and seasonal variations in Martian coronal emission features at H Lyman‐α, β and γ wavelengths. Our analysis supports the previous studies indicating that Martian exospheric hydrogen Lyman emission brightness attains its highest levels around the southern summer solstice and reaches its lowest levels when Mars is near aphelion. Additionally, a secondary peak emission at all altitudes is observed after perihelion during Martian Year (MY) 36, which can be attributed to a Class C dust storm. Our study establishes a strong correlation between solar flux and coronal brightness for these emissions, highlighting the impact of solar activity on the visibility of Martian corona. In addition, we have examined interannual variability and found that emission intensities in MY 37 surpassed those in MY 36, primarily due to increased solar activity. These observations help to understand potential seasonal patterns of exospheric hydrogen, which is driven by underlying mechanisms in the lower atmosphere and solar activity, eventually suggesting an impact on water loss in the Martian atmosphere.

Incorporating Life Cycle Assessment in the Green Metric Ranking: a Conceptual Approach

Integrating sustainability principles into their daily operations is an overarching goal of universities and higher education institutions (HEIs), as knowledge multipliers, have to perform (Filimonau et al., 2021).Various studies have demonstrated that the operational activities of universities cause GWP emissions and, in general, negative environmental impacts, due mainly to student and staff mobility, on-campus energy and water consumption, and waste production (Jürgens et al., 2023). Findler et al. (2019) outlined numerous analytical methods, ranging from input-output analysis to full Life Cycle Assessment (LCA), for evaluating the carbon footprints of universities and colleges.Concurrently, a variety of tools have been devised to measure sustainability based on environmental metrics, such as the Green Metric (GM) ranking developed by Universitas Indonesia (UI). The GM, which is first in which tops university sustainability rankings (Marrone et al., 2018), rates HEIs by utilizing 51 criteria across 6 rating areas. Researchers analyzed the UI Green Metric World Ranking system to examine the requirements for a fair sustainability ranking of worldwide HEIs, although the latter were only examined in general without inspecting each item separately (Boiocchi et al., 2023).In order to lessen the environmental impacts of HEIs, recognized and robust methods must be used to identify appropriate and effective measures. LCA is a standardized (ISO 14040 and 14044) tool for quantifying and reducing environmental impacts throughout the entire life cycle of a product, service, or organization.This study is focused on understanding how LCA can be integrated into GM, and more specifically, how it can assist in achieving a consistent and structured review of specific indexes such as EC4, EC7, EC8, WR2, and TR1.The analysis was conducted by comparing the items one by one. Such a method was implemented as a results of the authors' specialized background, the scientific literature of interest, and the adoption of a critical thinking approach.The study results emphasize the necessity of incorporating LCA into the environmental sustainability strategies of HEIs. This integration is crucial for developing a robust approach adaptable to various local contexts, enhancing the precision in assessing and improving HEIs' sustainability practices. Such a strategy will align HEIs' operational activities more effectively with sustainable development goals. The application of the conceptual approach to a case study is recommended.

Rice leaf chlorophyll content estimation with different crop coverages based on Sentinel-2

Chlorophyll content is an important index for evaluating the health and productivity of crops, and environmental stress on them. The real-time, rapid, and accurate acquisition of chlorophyll content plays a key role in crop growth monitoring. Remote sensing can quickly obtain chlorophyll content in regional and global scale, but how to eliminate the interference of soil background in estimation is a major challenge. The statistical analysis method based on empirical/semi-empirical model is simpler, faster and easier to implement than that based on radiative transfer mechanism model. The statistical analysis method can eliminate the influence of environmental background by looking for a Vegetation index (VI) that is sensitive to the chlorophyll content but not to soil background to a certain extent. However, the accuracy of this method is low in fields with different degrees of crop coverage. Additionally, the special soil background characteristics of rice fields make the method a doubtful tool to estimate the Chlorophyll content in rice coverage. To improve the accuracy of the rice leaf chlorophyll content (LCC) estimation model, we here propose a new model based on crop coverage. We analyzed remote sensing images of the Sentinel-2 over rice-planting areas of Qian Gorlos County in Jilin Province of China. We divided the study area into three regions based on high-, medium-, and low-rice canopy coverage. Rice LCC in each region was estimated by identifying remote sensing vegetation indices that are sensitive to chlorophyll in different rice canopy coverages. Compared to the estimated results without considering the crop coverage, our model achieves a higher accuracy. In addition, we applied the model in the region of Northeast China in 2023 to verify its strong generalisability and robustness. Our study provides a reference for rapidly and non-destructively obtaining rice LCC based on Sentinel-2 images. However, the applicability of our model to other crops will be verified in the future.

Frontier Revitalisation of Industrial Heritage with Urban–Rural Fringe in China

The urban–rural fringe is at the forefront of the confrontation between the agricultural and industrial civilisations. How to handle the relationship between the two civilisations in this region and ensure its sustainable development is an eternal topic in the science of the human-living environment. Thanks to the special historical background of the Third Line construction, China’s industrial heritage connects with the urban–rural fringe that surpasses other countries. For the first time, this study connects China’s Third Line construction, industrial heritage, and urban–rural integration within the same context, combining big data bibliometric methods to obtain the development characteristics and context of China’s industrial heritage research starting from 2004. It has strong policy characteristics, is influenced by administrative orders, and is aligned with urbanisation efforts. Theoretical exploration is the first step in research, followed by value connotations and cultural qualities. It addresses various topics, including industrial heritage conservation, regeneration approaches, and cultural heritage tourism. The research focuses primarily on the value appraisal of industrial heritage, exploring revitalisation tactics and routes, as well as regional development models in urban–rural periphery areas. This study also examines how scholars generally consider the impact of industrial heritage on the economic, social, and cultural development of urban–rural fringe areas in order to integrate and propose various protection and utilisation strategies, such as industrial heritage preservation, cultural and creative industry development, and tourism resource development.

Classification and logging identification of reservoir space near the upper Ordovician pinch-out line in Tahe Oilfield

Abstract Real drilling near the upper Ordovician pinch-out line in the Tahe Oilfield shows that the drilling encountered karst reservoir. However, due to the transitional position between the denudation area and the overlying area and the special karst geological background, the existing drilling and completion data show that the reservoir space types in this area are complex and diverse. In this article, the classification of reservoir space near the Upper Ordovician pinch-out line and the extraction of logging response characteristics have been carried out based on drilling, logging, core, and crude oil quality data. Through this study, the classification scheme of karst reservoir space in the study area is proposed. The reservoir space types of karst reservoirs include fracture–cave, fracture–pore (light and low resistivity), fracture–pore (heavy and high resistivity), dissolved pore–pore (light and low resistivity), dissolved pore–pore (heavy and high resistivity), isolated pore (relatively isolated distribution of pores and fractures, weakly connected), and cave-type reservoir (sand and gravel filled or semi-unfilled). Furthermore, conventional logging parameters and five parameters sensitive to reservoir properties are extracted. The intersection maps based on the combination forms, fluid properties, and reservoir space effectiveness of different types of reservoir spaces are effective in distinguishing seven types of reservoir spaces and two types of stratified karst reservoirs. In this study, the reservoir space types and logging response characteristics of reservoirs near the Upper Ordovician pinch-out line are defined, which can provide a reliable geological basis for the quantitative identification and distribution evaluation of karst reservoirs.

Strategies of Rendering Realia in Mediated Literary Translation

Literary texts contain a variety of culture-specific elements requiring special background knowledge on the part of translators. In particular, the issue of realia translation poses certain challenges in mediated literary translation, as in this case the translator has to deal with transferring the source message into the target language through an intermediary text. The investigation is aimed at studying the notion of realia and identifying the strategies of their faithful conveyance in translation through an intermediary language. The findings of the article reveal that mediated translation may sometimes complicate the problem of ensuring adequate cross-cultural interaction between the writer and the reader, as the intermediary language inevitably interferes with this process leaving its imprints on the final target text. The corpus selected for this paper comprises the Russian translation of J.D. Salinger’s “The Catcher in the Rye”, the Armenian mediated translation from that Russian version and the Armenian translation from the original. The following methods have been applied in the present investigation: comparative analysis to find out similarities and differences in the translators’ application of various translation strategies, and the method of deductive research to study various transformations made in the process of translation to achieve equivalence in rendering realia.

У лабіринтах політичного неймінгу: структурно-семантичне розмаїття найменувань політичних партій

The article reveals some problems of domestic political linguistics. Especially it’s about language sources that are used in the marketing technologies of Ukrainian political parties in the creating of some political brand-name. The essences of such terms as political brand / branding, political name / naming are found out throw the prism of interpretive linguistics and psycholinguistics. Political names are presented in formal and lexical-semantic connections. Political brand-names are qualified as mental units of the conceptual picture of the world, which accumulate various associative icons, concepts, ideas, assessments and are capable of instilling trust and creating a positive image. The focus is on complexity to find a way out of the labyrinths of the naming space for the average elector. These labyrinths contain the number of objects, renaming, consonance, duplication, etc. that don’t contribute to adequate perception, understanding, but on the contrary, lead to disorientation. Comprehension of the structure and content of political names is mostly impossible without special background knowledge, linguistic skills, etc., directly depends on the level of political culture of the electorate and civic position.

Teacher Strategies in the Potential Optimization of Children with Special Needs in Elementary School

The implementation of inclusive education in Indonesia is facing various challenges, including issues with access to education, discriminatory treatment, and a lack of competent resources to implement inclusive education. Strategies employed by teachers to optimize the potential of children with special needs in elementary school were discussed. Therefore, this research aimed to ascertain information regarding teachers' strategies in optimizing the potential of inclusive students, despite the constraints posed by competent teachers, curriculum adaptability, and the quality and competency of teachers without special education background. Furthermore, this research used qualitative methods and a case study approach. Data collection was carried out by observing and interviewing school principals, class teachers, subject teachers, and students with special needs in elementary schools in Bengkalis Regency, Riau. The research concluded that strategies used by teachers in adapting to these limitations are crucial in providing optimal services to inclusive students. In some aspects, teachers' knowledge of well-established methods such as IEP and TEACCH cannot be fully implemented in school. However, every step and process was carried out with an method adjusted to the capabilities of school. These steps included assessment processes, communication with parents, development of educational goals, learning methods and procedures, learning materials, timeframes, achievement targets, and evaluation. Additionally, the availability of special support teachers was an essential requirement to effectively manage the inclusive education program.

ChatGPT - A new milestone in the field of education

With the rapid development of artificial intelligence, natural language processing models like ChatGPT hold creative potential for applications in education. This study focuses on ChatGPT and explores its applications in the field of education. This research employs literature review and case analysis methods to systematically investigate the applications of ChatGPT in instructional assistance, personalized education, and writing support. By analyzing three cases involving ChatGPT's professional competence in medical exams, the construction of personalized learning systems, and writing support, the paper emphasizes ChatGPT's advantages in education, future development directions, as well as ethical and privacy concerns. The study finds that ChatGPT possesses strong semantic understanding and analytical capabilities. Within the context of general applicability, it can provide accurate answers to questions posed by users with certain specialized backgrounds. The paper not only addresses ChatGPT's role as a student's auxiliary tool but also explores collaborative models between ChatGPT and teachers. However, it's important to note that ChatGPT currently has limitations in terms of limited knowledge and inadequate emotional understanding. Additionally, in terms of ethics and privacy, considerations regarding information protection and moral aspects within the educational application of ChatGPT are crucial. In the future, it's worth further exploring specialized models for ChatGPT's tasks in both teacher and student roles, along with enhancing ChatGPT's emotional support capabilities.

Oscillations of high-energy cosmic neutrinos in the copious MeV neutrino background

The core-collapse of massive stars and the merger of neutron star binaries are among the most promising candidate sites for the production of high-energy cosmic neutrinos. We demonstrate that the high-energy neutrinos produced in such extreme environments can experience efficient flavor conversions on scales much shorter than those expected in vacuum, due to their coherent forward scatterings with the bath of decohered low-energy neutrinos emitted from the central engine. These low-energy neutrinos, which exist as mass eigenstates, provide a very special and peculiar dominant background for the propagation of the high-energy ones. We point out that the high-energy neutrino flavor ratio is modified to a value independent of neutrinos energies, which is distinct from the conventional prediction with the matter effect. We also suggest that the signals can be used as a novel probe of new neutrino interactions beyond the Standard Model. This is yet another context where neutrino-neutrino interactions can play a crucial role in their flavor evolution. Published by the American Physical Society 2024

Exploration of the prospective utilization of educational robotics by preschool and primary education teachers

Educational robotics integrates aspects from various scientific disciplines, encompassing the entire spectrum of science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) education. Its effective application is heavily reliant on educators tasked with implementing it within a school setting. This study aimed to investigate the potential adoption of educational robotics among preschool and primary education teachers. The study involved 191 preschool teachers (62.2%) and 115 primary school teachers (37.8%). Data was gathered using a structured questionnaire, AKAER, demonstrating strong internal consistency with a Cronbach’s alpha reliability coefficient of α=.892. Educators, irrespective of their specialization, gender, or scientific background, acknowledge the significance of educational robotics and express eagerness to incorporate it. A substantial percentage of educators expressed discomfort in using educational robotics and related if they had trained or not. Nonetheless, more than 70.0% of the surveyed educators expressed interest in receiving training on educational robotics to proficiently integrate it into their teaching methodologies. To ensure that the new generation of students can reap the benefits of modern teaching tools like educational robotics, closely tied to STEM education and the cultivation of 21<sup>st</sup> century skills, we must not only supply schools with the required materials but prioritize the provision of adequately trained and informed educators.

Time Metaphors in English and Arabic: Translation Challenges

Time metaphorical expressions are common in all languages and in general as well as specialized contexts. This study explores the similarities and differences between English and Arabic time metaphorical expressions containing , and the difficulties that student-translators have in translating them; the translation strategies they use and the causes of translation weaknesses. A sample of English and Arabic general and specialized time metaphors containing second ثانية, minute دقيقة , hourساعة , day يوم , year سنة، عام , age, era, and epochحقبة , عصر; الدهر eternity; time وقت، زمن was collected, analyzed and compared. It was found that time metaphorical expressions fall into 4 categories: (i) those that are identical in form and meaning in both languages (golden age, around the clock); (ii) those that are similar in meaning but differ in wording (wait for ages); (iii) those that exist in English, but have no equivalents in Arabic (time is money); and (iv) those that exist in Arabic but have no equivalents in English (زلزلة الساعة tremors of the day of judgment). Specialized expressions used in both languages are exact translations (Stone Age). Student-translators could translate fewer than 20% of the test items correctly and left many blank. Time metaphorical expressions similar in both languages were easy to translate, whereas opaque ones with an idiomatic or metonymic meaning and culture-specific ones were difficult (زمن أكل عليه الدهر وشرب too old, obsolete; الرويبضة insignificant people talking about crucial issues ). Those that require a specialized background knowledge (العصر الطباشيري Cretaceous Period) were difficult as well. Numerous strategies were utilized in translating the time expression as literal translation, partial translation, paraphrase, using synonyms and extraneous translations. Results and recommendations for translation pedagogy are given.

Различие идей Конфуция и Платона

West and East are two branches of human culture, two civilizations, two ways of life. West and East were perceived as "opposite" sides of the world, and this statement applied not only to geography, but also to mentality and worldview. The article discusses the features of Eastern and Western philosophy through the prism of the great ideas of Confucius and Plato, thinkers who had a huge impact on the further development of both cultures and value systems. The comparison in the article is based on metaphysical concepts and the value orientations that follow from them, the attitude to knowledge and to a person, as well as the way of thinking. In the context of metaphysics, the category of philanthropy, which is significant for Confucianism – ren, is considered in comparison with the theory of Plato's ideas, the differences are demonstrated, which later gave different vectors for the development of European and Chinese thought. These differences gave rise to dissimilarity of value concepts, and, as a result, a different understanding of knowledge. As a separate position for comparison, the concept of "aspiration" is taken as the desire for individuality in Western philosophy as opposed to the desire for harmony in Chinese. The reasons leading to such a difference are rooted not only in the personality of the thinkers, but also in a special cultural background and geographical environment. The analytical Western mind of the individual is opposed to the Chinese public consciousness, where the priority is harmony in relations between people at different levels. The author shows some basic philosophical attitudes important for both civilizations and the difference in the further directions of development of the two cultures.

CHILDFREE CONCEPT, SURROGACY AS WELL AS IN VITRO FERTILIZATION UNDER THE PRIMS OF JEREMY BENTHAM’S UTILITARIANISM AND IMMANUEL KANT’S DOCTRINE OF THE MOTIVE

The modern society faces multiple struggles in the sphere of increase of the population level. Thus, the fertility rate decreases in 0,41% worldwide every single year. Financial and economical crisis, modern wars, military conflicts, lack of social and governmental stability lead to drastic results and make this tendency even more stable. At the same time, health problems, desires to reach incredible level of professional self-development or reach specific business goals or even a specific nature of relationship make people either postpone or completely refuse parenthood. Current legal systems, modernly adopted social and family policies in the countries around the World implement and optimize alternative systems of parenthood, like In Vitro fertilization, available surrogacy services, the procedure of kids’ adoption (probably the most problematic and time consuming one which also remain accessible for individuals mentioned above). However, speaking about alternative ways of becoming parents, level of social judgement and lack of acceptance remain very high comparing to the better social governmental policy. Therefore, political direction can barely do anything in contrast to social opinion. Government cannot guarantee that children born with an application of modern technologies that we are talking about, will be consequently accepted in the society. Will they be equal to “ordinary children” or will they be excluded forever for their“special background”? According to the utilitarian theory, all people try to balance between pain and pleasure. Therefore, our stigmatized social attitude to non-ordinary parents and/or couples make them choose between their personal pleasure and social one, therefore, by choosing between the bigger pain and lesser one towards their personal situation. However, Immanuel Kant would say, that individuals do not have to pay attention to social consequences, but they have to do something what is right instead. They do not choose simply between pain and pleasure, because right thing will not always bring either pure pleasure or pure pain. However, could we really be completely separated from social consequences of our decisions towards parenthood while living in a community? Can we really refuse paying attention to social judgement to decide in favor of something, what is right and reasonable? These issues are specifically highlighted by our current research.