CHILDFREE CONCEPT, SURROGACY AS WELL AS IN VITRO FERTILIZATION UNDER THE PRIMS OF JEREMY BENTHAM’S UTILITARIANISM AND IMMANUEL KANT’S DOCTRINE OF THE MOTIVE

Abstract

The modern society faces multiple struggles in the sphere of increase of the population level. Thus, the fertility rate decreases in 0,41% worldwide every single year. Financial and economical crisis, modern wars, military conflicts, lack of social and governmental stability lead to drastic results and make this tendency even more stable. At the same time, health problems, desires to reach incredible level of professional self-development or reach specific business goals or even a specific nature of relationship make people either postpone or completely refuse parenthood. Current legal systems, modernly adopted social and family policies in the countries around the World implement and optimize alternative systems of parenthood, like In Vitro fertilization, available surrogacy services, the procedure of kids’ adoption (probably the most problematic and time consuming one which also remain accessible for individuals mentioned above). However, speaking about alternative ways of becoming parents, level of social judgement and lack of acceptance remain very high comparing to the better social governmental policy. Therefore, political direction can barely do anything in contrast to social opinion. Government cannot guarantee that children born with an application of modern technologies that we are talking about, will be consequently accepted in the society. Will they be equal to “ordinary children” or will they be excluded forever for their“special background”? According to the utilitarian theory, all people try to balance between pain and pleasure. Therefore, our stigmatized social attitude to non-ordinary parents and/or couples make them choose between their personal pleasure and social one, therefore, by choosing between the bigger pain and lesser one towards their personal situation. However, Immanuel Kant would say, that individuals do not have to pay attention to social consequences, but they have to do something what is right instead. They do not choose simply between pain and pleasure, because right thing will not always bring either pure pleasure or pure pain. However, could we really be completely separated from social consequences of our decisions towards parenthood while living in a community? Can we really refuse paying attention to social judgement to decide in favor of something, what is right and reasonable? These issues are specifically highlighted by our current research.