Special Assignments Research Articles

Leader of pathophysiology: on the 70th birthday of professor Vasily N. Tsygan

May 12, 2024, marked the 70th birthday of the Honored Scientist of Russia, corresponding member and honorary doctor of the Kirov Military Medical Academy, Prof. Vasily N. Tsygan. He is a brilliant embodiment of the traditions of academic scientific schools, having gone from being a member and chairman of the Military Scientific Society of Cadets and Students to an adjunct to the deputy head of the academy for scientific work. After graduating from the academy with a gold medal and serving 3 years in the military, Vasily N. Tsygan entire subsequent scientific, pedagogical, and organizational activity has been connected with the academy. The topic of his candidate dissertation, related to changes in homeostasis in mechanical trauma, and performing special assignments from the command in Afghanistan and in the zone of the counter-terrorist operation in the Chechen Republic determined a crucial vector of research into the extreme impacts on the human body during military professional activity. V.N. Tsygan contributed to the study of immunophenotyping problems, the modern concept of molecular remission in oncohematology, and immunodeficiency in various types of pathology and methods for their correction. He is an experienced organizer of science and many large international scientific events. His activities involved the study of the history of Russian medicine, relations with the Nobel Committee, and defending the priority of Russian scientists. V.N. Tsygan’s contribution to the creation and development of the Military Medical Academy journals, where he worked for decades as executive secretary and deputy editor-in-chief, is invaluable. The Academy, the Ministry of Defense, the Academy of Medical Sciences, and the state have highly appreciated the merits of Prof. V.N. Tsygan, honoring him with state and departmental awards, prizes, and honorary titles.

Human Rights Aspects in Infrastructure Projects in the President Regulation Number 120 Year 2022

The implementation of projects under the President Regulation of the Republic of Indonesia Number 120 Year 2022 concerning Special Assignments for Expediting Infrastructure Development (President Regulation 120/2022) has the potential to promote the human rights of the Indonesian people. Nonetheless, it is critical to ensure the facilitation of human rights during project development as well as subsequent phases.

Development of Special Assignments for Online Group Learning

The research purpose is to develop and evaluate the effectiveness of special vocabulary and grammar tasks for groups learning English online. The sample consisted of 100 students from Middle Eastern University in Jordan. The scholar used an experimental method and methods of observation, description, comparison and testing to investigate the problem. The results showed that online English learning based on special practical assignments and involving lexical and grammar tasks can improve the level of student’s language knowledge and their conversational skills. The resulting value confirmed the statistically significant difference between the test results and improvements in the experimental group. The research found that the experimental group showed better speaking skills compared to the control group. It is recommended to integrate similar practical tasks into educational curricula to foster quality education and the development of conversational skills among students studying the English language in an online environment. This approach has proved to be advantageous for instructors of professionally oriented English language courses, equipping them with an effective tool to enhance the quality of instruction and facilitate the linguistic aptitude growth of their students. Such a pedagogical format fosters active participation and collaboration among students, potentially contributing to a more profound and well-rounded language acquisition process.

MAHASISWA SEBAGAI PENUNJANG KEBERHASILAN PEMBERIAN ASI

Current counseling in health services does not involve other families, so mothers often do not receive support. Family support plays an important role in the success of breastfeeding. Counseling provided to mothers and families will increase knowledge and support for successful breastfeeding of their babies. Counseling can be done by a breastfeeding counselor at a health service. The performance of breastfeeding counselors is not optimal due to lack of work motivation caused by lack of financial support, lack of supervision, excessive workload due to the absence of special assignments as counselors. Students who are prospective health workers have good potential if guided to become counselors. Fun Home Counseling is a counseling activity that involves mothers and all families in the house to increase knowledge and support so that coverage of breastfeeding can be increased and will prevent stunting in Makassar City. To determine the effect of counseling on breastfeeding practices in Makassar City. This research is a pre-experimental research in the form of a post test group design. The population is all pregnant women in the Paccerakkang and Sudiang Raya Community Health Center working areas. The samples were mothers in the third trimester of pregnancy, permanent residents in the research area and participating in all counseling activities. The number of respondents in both groups was 16 people, but those who followed until the baby was 1 month old were 11 people in the counseling group and 14 people in the counseling group. The effect of counseling on breastfeeding practices using the Chi Square Test. There are no differences in employment, maternal nutritional status, number of parities, place of delivery, delivery process, Early Breastfeeding Initiation ((MD), breastfeeding assistance, postnatal intake, and intake at 14 days of age but different in breastfeeding at 1 months in counseling and counseling groups.

Merancang Succession Planning dan Career Planning pada Industri Kertas dan Karton

To achieve company goals, employees need to be encouraged in the form of rewards and opportunities to develop improvements through certain job promotions or positions according to their abilities. Succession planning at PT. Indah Kiat Pulp & Paper currently has 5 important positions namely Director, Technical Manager, Finance Manager, Marketing Manager, Production Manager and HR Manager. Because the current Director will retire, PT. Indah Kiat Pulp & Paper is looking for a replacement by selecting and assessing each of the existing Managers. To work at PT. Indah Kiat Pulp & Paper, every employee must have a value according to the criteria given by the company. There are 10 individual development programs namely job enlargement/enrichment, on the job development, special assignments, mentoring, workshops/in-class training, job rotation, action rotation, action based learning, self study, cross training and coaching/counseling. There are Engineering Managers, Finance Managers, Marketing Managers, Production Managers and HR Managers in the company's plans to make them grow by carrying out career planning with descriptions and indicators of each. The advice we can give PT. Indah Kiat Pulp & Paper should focus more on succession planning and career planning, because these two things have been proven to have a positive impact on the company.

On the question of natural duties and the design of tracts in the Social Life of the Inner Horde of the late XIX - early XX century

The subject of the study is the system of natural duties among the Kazakh population of the Inner (Bukeevskaya) Horde as part of the Astrakhan province in the period from 1893 to 1909. The object of this study is to analyze the issue of replacing the existing natural duties of the Kazakhs of the Horde with monetary service.The purpose of the study is to reveal the main provisions of the issue of replacing natural duties and designing a system of paths on the territory of the Inner Horde, based on previously unused archival materials. When writing the work, the problem-chronological method and the system analysis of available archival sources were used. Of particular value is the archival material from the fund of the Office of the Astrakhan Civil Governor, which is the only source of data revealing the problems of replacing natural duties among the Kazakhs of the Inner Horde. An important research material was the revision note of State Councilor Kraft, a former official of special assignments at the Ministry of Internal Affairs. Earlier in the scientific circles studying regional history, the issues of the replacement of duties among the Kazakhs did not receive sufficient coverage, since in historical science the issues of the general state of the Internal Horde, statistical information, the state of the economy, social life were touched upon. This study is the first comprehensive study of the problems of replacing natural duties and designing a system of paths among the Kazakhs of the Inner Horde in the post-reform period. It introduces scientific novelty based on the analysis of new archival materials, and also allows us to identify the need to revise and change the existing natural duties, taking into account the principles of justice, the real needs and capabilities of the population of the Inner Horde.

A survey of pharmacists' perception of the work environment and patient safety in community pharmacies during the COVID-19 pandemic

BackgroundCommunity pharmacies have changed during the COVID-19 pandemic, and new routines have been introduced to address the needs of customers and staff and to reduce the risk of spreading infection. Burnout has been described among staff possibly due to a changed working climate. However, little research has focused on the pandemic's effect on patient safety in community pharmacies. ObjectiveTo examine pharmacists' perceptions of the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on workload, working environment, and patient safety in community pharmacies. MethodsA survey was distributed to all Swedish community pharmacists, constituting a census study. Questions regarding the pharmacists' perception of the impact of the pandemic on workload, working environment, and patient safety were included. Respondents were asked to provide comments on their working situation. Quantitative results were analysed using descriptive statistics, and comments were analysed using qualitative content analysis. ResultsThe response rate was 41% (2034 responses). Most pharmacists (62%) considered the workload to be increased during the pandemic while work environment deteriorated (physical work environment was considered worse by 47% of respondents while psychosocial work environment was considered worse by 59%). Despite this, many respondents (55%) believed that patient safety was not affected. Neither having had COVID-19 nor being afraid of contracting it, influenced these perceptions in any substantial way. Findings were consistent regardless of education, professional role, number of years in community pharmacies, or special assignments in the pharmacies. According to the respondents, the communication within pharmacy companies during the pandemic was inadequate. ConclusionsThe impact of the pandemic on working conditions is in line with previous findings but the effect on patient safety needs further studies. The respondents felt the management had a limited understanding of the conditions during the pandemic, which stresses the importance of good and clear communication during a crisis.

Scaling up numbers and competency of graduating medical and dental students in Nigeria: Need to improve medical trainers' competency in teaching.

With the increasing medical brain drain in Nigeria, there is a need to train and graduate more doctors to fill in the gaps created to mitigate the effects. To meet this goal, the trainers need to evolve and have the competency to deliver quality training for many more enrollees in medical schools. This study aimed to gather information about the perception of medical teachers' need to obtain certification in medical education and what this will achieve in scaling up the competency and number of graduating medical doctors. Medical teachers in Nigeria participated in this mixed (quantitative and qualitative) study. Four hundred medical consultants and teachers were randomly selected and sent a semi-structured pre-validated questionnaire; also, a panel discussion was conducted with six medical teachers with other special assignments in universities and postgraduate colleges. Quantitative data were analyzed using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) 24, differences in proportions were calculated using the Chi-square test, and P values <0.05 were considered significant. Two hundred and thirty-eight (59.5%) participants completed the form, 63 (26.5%) had practiced for <5 years, and 114 (47.9%) had >10 years of practice experience. A majority of 168 (70.6%) were physician lecturers in federal or state universities, and 15.5% had obtained certifications of any kind in medical education. Over 80% perceived that medical education training should not be a prerequisite to teach, but a similar percentage believed that faculty medical education training can help scale up the training competency and the number of graduating medical doctors. To scale up the number and competency of graduating medical doctors, medical teachers need to acquire core teaching competency. The respondents and discussants believe that when these core teaching competencies have been fully developed, it will be easier to increase the number of medical students' enrollees, teach them their curriculum through innovations, and graduate them with improved competencies.

Analisis Faktor-faktor Penghambat dalam Pembelajaran Membaca Permulaan pada Peserta Didik Kelas II Sekolah Dasar

&lt;span id="E287"&gt;This study aims to describe the results of the analysis of factors that hinder learning to read beginning and describe solutions for the process of learning to read beginning in class II students. This research uses descriptive qualitative research method. The subject of this research is the &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span id="E289"&gt;second grade&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span id="E291"&gt; teacher of SDIT &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span id="E293"&gt;Islamy&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span id="E297"&gt;Cawas&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span id="E299"&gt;. Research data were collected through interview data collection techniques and document studies. The data analysis technique used the Miles and Huberman model. The results showed that the factors that hindered early reading learning were as follows: (1) The teacher did not prepare for learning in the classroom. (2) Student factors, difficulty concentrating during learning due to fatigue, being disturbed by friends, and hyperactivity. (3) Factors in the learning process, use of inappropriate learning methods, less varied learning resources, lack of learning media, and lack of interaction between teachers and students. (4) Factors of facilities and infrastructure, lack of reading resources, absence of libraries, teaching aids and available learning media are not adequate. (5) Environmental factors, a family environment that is not conducive for students and the lack of tutoring by parents due to economic demands. Solutions used by teachers: (1) Mentoring and special assignments for hyperactive students. (2) A special class for learning to read for students who have difficulty reading. (3) Looking for reading sources and learning media from the internet.&lt;/span&gt;

Multifractal analysis of mass function.

In order to explore the fractal characteristic in Dempster-Shafer evidence theory, a fractal dimension of mass function is proposed recently, to reveal the invariance of scale of belief entropy. When mass function degenerates to probability, the fractal dimension is equivalent to classical Renyi information dimension only with , which can measure the change rate of Shannon entropy with the size of framework. For Renyi dimension, different parameters represent the relationship between different entropies and framework size. However, this compatibility is not shown in existing fractal dimension. Thus, in this paper, we introduce parameter to generalize the existing dimension. Due to the diversity of the value of , we name the new dimension: multifractal dimension of mass function. In addition, inspired by multifractal spectrum of Cantor set, we explore the relation between the belief degree of focal element and the number of focal element with same belief degree for some special assignments. Relevant results are also presented by spectrum. We provide a static discounting coefficient generating method to modify mass function to improve the accuracy of classify result. The experiment is conducted in three datasets, and the result shows the effectiveness of our method.

Analisis Kesulitan Belajar Siswa Tunanetra Pada Pelajaran Ekonomi Di SMA Kertajaya Surabaya

This study aims to find out the learning difficulties of blind students in Economics lessons. This research method uses a qualitative descriptive type, while data collection uses interviews with four blind students at SMA Kertajaya Surabaya with direct interviews. Data collection techniques using purposive and snowball sampling. The results of the study show that especially for blind students, the Economics Teacher provides additional learning media in the form of files or video links from YouTube which can help them to understand Economics material auditory. Then to work on economics assignments, blind students use cell phone media. The Economics teacher provides media to collect special assignments for blind students via the WhatsApp application. Giving assignments or exam questions will be read out by the teacher then the blind students work on documents (not written on paper).

Чиновники особых поручений в системе местного управления Якутской области (вторая четверть XIX в.)

The article is devoted to the study of the position of an official for special assignments of the Yakut regional government, established on the basis of the “Siberian institution” in 1822 M. M. Speransky. Based on a number of sources, the criteria for appointment to this post were identified, a social portrait was compiled, the number was considered, the real range of their activities was determined, as well as the place and role of officials in the management system of the Yakut region in the second quarter of the 19th century.

«С крайним старанием и без всякой оплошности...»: Вклад российского купечества в социокультурное и хозяйственно-политическое освоение Центральной Азии в первой половине XIX века

The study involves analysis of the participation of merchants in the process of establishing channels of political, cultural, and economic exchange between the Russian Empire, the Asian khanates, and the Kazakh steppe in the first half of the 19th century. The modern government practice of involving private sector in order to strengthen international relations makes retrospective analysis of cooperation between business representatives and officials in solving national problems more relevant. The study is to identify specific examples of entrepreneurs’ efforts in promoting Russia’s diverse interests in Asia and to demonstrate specifics of merchants’ work in execution of special assignments of the imperial authorities. The value of the article lies in the fact that the existing corpus of scientific works is mainly focused on the activities of merchants in collecting intelligence (i.e., specific espionage for Russia), while acculturational, mediatory, and clerical service of merchants remains outside the scope of national historiography’s attention. Its novelty is confirmed by the fact that the examination of this problem drawing on the materials of the Orenburg gubernia of the 19th century is being carried out for the first time. The ariclde draws on documents from fond 6 (Office of the Orenburg military governor) of the Joint State Archive of Orenburg Oblast (OGAOO). To assess the contribution of individuals to the multidimensional process of the Russian Empire’s interaction and rapprochеment with the Asian region in the 19th century, anthropological approach has been chosen as a methodological mechanism specially adapted to studying the problem of the “small man.” The application of the latest methodological concept of “imperial policy of acculturation” provides a better understanding of historical significance and specifics of economic, trade, political, and cultural contacts of nomadic population of the Kazakh steppe and settled culture of the khanates of Central Asia with business community of the Russian state. The merchants’ main area of responsibility was diplomatic, requiring their participation in resolving internecine conflicts of Kazakh clans, as well as search and ransom of the Russians held captive in Central Asia. The authorities’ key criteria in recruitment of entrepreneurs were their foreign trade success, which implied useful acquaintances in Central Asian cities and in camps of the Kazakh nomads, knowledge of the neighboring peoples’ languages, and advanced communication skills. The study may be useful to scientists studying the history of merchants in the 18th-19th centuries, issues of Russia's interaction with the states of Asia in the pre-revolutionary period, as well as specialists in regional history.

Remakes by B. Akunin

The article considers the remake as a phenomenon of modern literature to reveal the work of B. Akunin. It is shown that the only text of Akunin, perceived by readers-researchers as a remake, is the play Seagull, which is a sequel to the Chekhov's work with the same name. Such perception was both a character of correlation with A. Chekhov's text (the last act of Chekhov's comedy is the first appearance of Akunin's play), and a provocative presentation (the play was released together with A. Chekhov's Seagull). The poetics of Seagull is noticeably oriented towards its perception as a sequel to Chekhov's text by the widest readership. However, in Akunin's practice, one can use works whose remake nature is far from being so obvious. First of all, we are talking about Decorator (a collection of Special Assignments), which can be read as a remake of Clean Monday by I. Bunin. As research shows, in The Decorator, the plot of Clean Monday is flattened and pointed. The motive of gaining the possession of beauty, which is one of the central ones in Bunin's story and determines the poetics of many levels of works, in Akunin's behavior performs an exclusively plot-forming function and determines the development of the detective line. The Bunin code also plays an important role in the first behavior of the Special Assignments collection - Spades Valet. As analysis shows, the poetics of the collection Special Assignments in an extremely simplified form mirrors the bipolar poetics of Bunin's artistic world. Likely an appeal to the Bunin code is demostrating the inferiority of a polar view of the world, from the one side, and a test of the possibilities of the poetics of the detective, on the other side.

Professor Roman Romanovich Vreden (1867–1934) (on the 155&lt;sup&gt;th&lt;/sup&gt; anniversary of his birth)

An outstanding orthopedic traumatologist and military field surgeon, scientist and teacher, one of the founders of orthopedics in Russia, founder and long-term director of the St. Petersburg Orthopedic Institute (1906–1924), organizer of the first Department of Pediatric Surgery in Russia (1933) and creator of a large scientific school of orthopedic traumatologists, Professor Roman Romanovich Vreden was born on March 9 (21), 1867 in St. Petersburg in the family of a well-known otorhinolaryngologist, Professor Robert Robertovich Vreden. From childhood, Roman chose the profession of a doctor for himself, and after graduating with a gold medal from the First Classical Gymnasium in St. Petersburg in 1885, he entered the Imperial Military Medical Academy. After graduating from the academy in 1890, he passed the competition and left for further development of the specialty as an adjunct at the Department and Clinic of Hospital Surgery founded by N. I. Pirogov and led by Professor V. A. Ratimov. In 1893, R. R. Vreden successfully defended his dissertation for the degree of Doctor of Medicine on the topic: «On the etiology of cystitis», after which he was sent to Kiev, where from 1893 to 1896, he worked as a resident at the Kiev Military Hospital, headed the Surgical and Ear Departments there. In 1896, Roman Romanovich returned to the Military Medical Academy and received the position of senior assistant in the Hospital Surgical Clinic of V. A. Ratimov. In 1898, R. R. Vreden was awarded the academic title of Privatdozent. In 1902, in connection with the retirement due to illness of V. A. Ratimov, a competition was held to fill the position of the head of the Department of Hospital Surgery, but R. R. Vreden lost to S. P. Fedorov in it, after which he left the Department. In 1902–1904, he was a leading surgeon and director of the French Hospital in St. Petersburg and a surgical consultant at the Nikolaev Military Hospital. In 1903, R. R. Vreden was appointed an official for special assignments at the Main Military Medical Directorate. In February 1904, the Russo-Japanese War began and R. R. Vreden was sent to the Far East. In March 1905, Roman Romanovich returned to St. Petersburg, until 1906, served as head of the faculty surgical clinic of the Women’s Medical Institute. In July 1906, Roman Romanovich was appointed the first director of the first Russian Orthopedic Institute in St. Petersburg. R. R. Vreden can rightfully be considered the founder of operative orthopedics in our country. Such surgical interventions as arthrotomy, arthroplasty, arthrodesis, bone and joint resections, tendon and bone plasty, osteotomy, open reduction of dislocations and others were widely performed at the Institute. In 1911, Roman Romanovich was elected a professor at the Psychoneurological Institute and created the Department of Orthopedics on the basis of his Institute. In 1912, he organized training in orthopedics for doctors at the Clinical Institute of the Grand Duchess Elena Pavlovna, and in 1918, he created and headed the Department of Orthopedics at the First Petrograd Medical Institute. In 1925, the «Practical Guide to Orthopedics» was published, which summed up the 18-year activity of R. R. Vreden in this field of medicine. Roman Romanovich created one of the first and largest scientific schools of orthopedic surgeons in our country. Professor Roman Romanovich Vreden died in Leningrad on February 7, 1934 and was buried at the Smolensk Lutheran cemetery. In 1967, the Leningrad Research Institute of Traumatology and Orthopedics was named after R. R. Vreden.

Special assignments of adjacent output phase differences per input ports in generalized one-dimensional parallel switching matrices

Special assignments of adjacent output phase differences per input ports in generalized one-dimensional parallel switching matrices

The People in the Room: Rabbis, Nuns, Pastors, Popes, and Presidents by James Rudin

Reviewed by: The People in the Room: Rabbis, Nuns, Pastors, Popes, and Presidents by James Rudin Eugene J. Fisher James Rudin, The People in the Room: Rabbis, Nuns, Pastors, Popes, and Presidents. Mesa, AZ iPub Global Connection, 2022. Pp. 290. $25.97, paper ($9.99, in electronic formats). This excellent memoir is a must-read for all persons interested in Christian-Jewish and ecumenical relations leading up to the Second Vatican Council and what has happened since. Rudin takes us from his birthplace in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, to Alexandria, Virginia, which he notes was Robert E. Lee's hometown. There, as a member of the small Jewish minority, he learned how to befriend his Protestant, mainly Baptist, classmates and those of the small Catholic minority in the then very Southern city. Attending college, Rudin was [End Page 323] drawn to the rabbinate. After ordination he was required to serve as a chaplain, in his case in the Air Force, where he served in Japan and Korea. During this time, he engaged in close relations and conversations with his fellow chaplains and service members, people from a variety of Christian denominations, becoming very adept at interreligious, especially Jewish-Christian, dialogue. Rudin narrates how he joined the American Jewish Committee in charge of interreligious relations, as well as his marriage to his wife, Marcia. He goes into detail speaking of Catholic-Jewish relations and how the two communities had been discriminated against in American society, which brought them together in a number of ways. He follows this with a detailed account, set in the history of both Europe and the United States, and of the Auschwitz convent controversy, when a group of nuns set up a prayer community in a building at Auschwitz, a controversy finally resolved by Pope John Paul II, who asked the nuns to relocate to a new building built outside the camp that became a center where visitors to the camp could come and learn its history and that of the Shoah. He analyzes the 1998 Vatican statement, "We Remember, A Reflection on the Shoah," and a 2000 Jewish statement, "Dabru Emet." He finds both helpful but needing to go further to clarify what they had in mind. He then goes into detail, again giving the historical background and context, regarding Jewish dialogical relations with mainline Protestants, Black churches, and Evangelicals. Rudin speaks of two controversial situations in which he was personally involved, rendering the stained-glass windows at the presidential retreat, Camp David, to reflect the general views of our multireligious, multiethnic society, and working to see that the Oberammergau Passion Play (and others) would not blame the Jews for the death of Jesus or for other social ills throughout history. He, along with a number of supportive Christians (including myself) was successful in these endeavors. He concludes this section with an in-depth narrative of the interreligious efforts to free Soviet Jewry, helped in this effort especially by a Catholic nun, Sr. Ann Gillen. Chapter 18 deals with "special assignments," such as destructive so-called "Christian" cults, the 1985 farm crisis, Biafra Relief, the selection of music for a Vatican concert commemorating the Shoah, and attending Good Friday services. This last is of particular importance because, as the author notes, over the centuries Christians would storm out of their churches on Good Friday and attack the local Jewish communities, robbing them, raping the women, and often committing murder. This was because the lectionary readings and the homilies given would posit blame on the Jews for the death of Jesus, ignoring the fact that [End Page 324] Pilate alone had the authority to order a crucifixion. As the Christian Creed states, Jesus "suffered and died under Pontius Pilate." Rudin concludes with reflections on the future of Christian-Jewish relations, where they are likely to go and where they should go, titled "Ten Personal Interreligious Commandments" (which we should all carefully observe), and a list of questions that dialogue groups (which he carefully defines) should ask themselves and each other. This excellent volume has a foreword by Rabbi David Rosen of the American Jewish Committee and an afterword by Dr. Mary C. Boys, SNJM. Again, I highly recommend this...

Pyotr Martynovich Mejer — pervyj nachal'nik shtaba Kavkazskogo Linejnogo kazach'ego vojska

The article, based on the analysis of published sources, provides information directly related to the career of officer P.M. Meyer (until 1854). The purpose for which the post of chief of staff of the Caucasian Linear Cossack Army was established and for what period of time P.M. Meyer occupied it is investigated. The authors consider in detail his official duties and special assignments, which were entrusted to him by the high command, some facts of his biography are considered.

ИНСТИТУТ ВОЕННОГО ГУБЕРНАТОРСТВА В УПРАВЛЕНИИ ОРЕНБУРГСКОЙ ГУБЕРНИЕЙ В КОНЦЕ XVIII — ПЕРВОЙ ПОЛОВИНЕ XIX В.

At the end of the 18th — first half of the 19th century, the Orenburg province was a vast frontier region in the southeast of the Russian Empire. The border position on the border with the Kazakh steppe, the presence of a defensive line on which irregular troops served, the motley ethno-confessional composition of the population were the differences between this territory and the “internal provinces”. The specifics of the Orenburg province led to the formation of a special regional administration. Its center was the institution of military governorship, which had the features of a special administration. The status of the military governor, as a “chief of the province”, was determined by the law of appointment; the possibility of direct appeal to the emperor; principles of selection for the position; powers for military border management, management of the Separate Orenburg Corps, management of the civilian part of the province. He had the right of administrative initiative, control and supervisory functions in relation to provincial institutions. The government showed interest in the stable functioning of the institute of military governorship. This was reflected in the expansion of the staff of the office, the adaptation of its structure to the functions performed, and the increase in the employees’ salaries. Officials on special assignments were among the most trusted persons of the military governor. They took a real part in the administration of the region. The regional model of governance of the Orenburg province at the end of the 18th — first half of the 19th century solved the problems it faced. It ensured stability and unity of government in the vast border region.

Special Place Assignments: Connecting Ecological Concepts to Each Student’s Unique Locale Through Scaffolded Portfolio Assignments

Special Place Assignments: Connecting Ecological Concepts to Each Student’s Unique Locale Through Scaffolded Portfolio Assignments