Special Angle Research Articles

A Falling Detection System with wireless sensor for the Elderly People Based on Ergnomics

Fall detection is an important problem in the application research of wireless sensor. The paper presents wireless sensor architecture based human falling detection system especially for elderly people. The falling detection system is implemented using 3-axis acceleration sensor to measures and collects the elderly people activities acceleration and transfer data by zigbee-3G network to remote medical monitoring system platform, which makes a preprocessing method that suspected data is acquired based on one -class SVM classification algorithm. The algorithm analyzed different action which expended different threshold ranges of energy to judgment, and then analyzed the special temporal speed, displacement and angle as an auxiliary criterion for judgment. The experiments show that the application can offer a new guarantee for the elderly health.

Performance, Emissions and Combustion Characteristics of Waste Fried Vegetable Oil in Based Biodiesel in High Grade Low Heat Rejection Diesel Engine

Experiments were conducted to evaluate the performance of a high grade low heat rejection (LHR) diesel engine with air gap insulated piston, air gap insulated liner and ceramic coated cylinder head (ceramic coating of thickness 500 microns was done on inside portion of cylinder head) with different operating conditions (normal temperature and pre-heated temperature) of waste fried vegetable oil based diesel (WFVOBD) with varied injection pressure and injection timing and compared the performance with one over the other and also with pure diesel operation on conventional engine (CE). Performance parameters of brake thermal efficiency, exhaust gas temperature and volumetric efficiency were determined at various values of brake mean effective pressure (BMEP). Exhaust emissions of smoke and oxides of nitrogen (NOx) were recorded at different values of BMEP. Combustion characteristics at peak load operation of the engine were measured with TDC (top dead centre) encoder, pressure transducer, console and special pressure-crank angle software package. CE showed compatible performance, while LHR engine showed improved performance with waste fried vegetable oil in biodiesel form at recommended injection timing and pressure and the performance of both version of the engine improved with advanced injection timing and at higher injection pressure when compared with CE with pure diesel operation. The optimum injection timing was 33 o bTDC for CE while it is 32 o bTDC with LHR engine with biodiesel operation. Relatively, peak brake thermal efficiency increased by 18%, at peak load operation-brake specific energy consumption decreased by 6%, exhaust gas temperature decreased by 75 o C , volumetric effi- ciency decreased by 5%, coolant load decreased by 30%, sound intensity decreased by 35%, smoke levels decreased by 27% and NOx levels increased by 41% with biodiesel operation on LHR engine at its optimum injection timing, when compared with pure diesel operation on CE at manufacturer's recommended injection timing.

Negativity in Communism: Ontology and Politics

The article addresses the notion of communism with a special angle of factuality and negativity, and not in the usual sense of a futurist utopia. After considering the main contemporary theories of communism in left-leaning political thought, the author turns to the Soviet experience of an “actually existing communism.” Apart from and against the bureaucratic state, a social reality existed organized around res nullius, that is, an unappropriated world that was not a collective property, as in the case of res publica. The alienation from things and from the state resulted not only in the sense of oppression, but in a new culture of a paradoxical “communality” (A. Zinoviev), where the “Other,” be it a thing or a person, appears rather as ground, not figure. This culture of a non-thematic gaze led to a formation of a communality as a given, and not as a utopian desideratum. I claim that this is a major difference between the current Western society and a post-Communist society. The former is more solidary and collectivist, but only consciously and deliberately so, operating from an individualist ontology, while the latter is individualist, but with an assumption of the “Other” as a pre-given fact. In this chiasmus, both “communisms” are problematic, so that an alternative model of individuation (Virno), rather than the atomization of an assumed collectivity, would be preferable.

Investigation on the chip formation concerning tool inclination angles in ball end milling of H13 die steel

Widespread application of ball end milling operation is an outstanding characteristic in the field of manufacturing of die and molds. Tool inclination angles, which could improve the cutting performance of ball end mill, are critical factor in the ball end milling process, and also chip formation is one of the most important phenomena in the machining process. Numerical simulation, geometric analysis, observation by optical microscope and scanning electron microscope, and energy-dispersive spectroscopy analysis were adopted to study the chip formation during ball end milling of H13 die steels involving tool inclination angles in this work. The theoretical uncut chip geometry and tool–work contact zone were analyzed by computer-aided modeling technology. Finite element modeling of chip formation process involving tool inclination angles was performed, and variations of the maximum chip temperature which could provide assistant understanding of practical chip formation were analyzed. This article also investigated the practical chip morphologies, chip color, and the cutting characteristics under different process conditions and tool inclination angles. The optical microscope and scanning electronic microscope were used to capture the micro-photos of the chips under different process parameters, and the chip color and chip morphologies were discussed together with the cutting characteristics with regard to various process parameters. Energy-dispersive spectroscopy analysis of the chip free surface and back surface was also carried out for some special tool inclination angles. Deep understanding of the chip formation in multi-axis milling process was enhanced, and the research work could provide support for the selection of process parameters to some extent.

Design of Transport Beams Arrangement in Target Area of SG-III Facility

In target area of Inertial Confinement Fusion (ICF) facility, the rectangular beams arrangement at the main amplifier (MA) output is mapped to the spherical-geometry beams configuration near the target chamber. The beams are imported into the final optical assemblies with special angles. In this paper, the transport beams arrangement design of SG-III facility is described. Firstly, the primary requirements of the transport beams arrangement in ICF target area system are given. Then the typical transport beam pathway from the MA output to the target chamber center is analyzed. The general layout, beams path length, and the parameters of transport mirrors are discussed for the transport beam arrangement.

Wavelength Reuse in a UWB Over Fiber System Based on Phase-Modulation to Intensity-Modulation Conversion and Destructive Interferencing

A novel wavelength reuse scheme based on phase-modulation to intensity-modulation (PM-IM) conversion and destructive interferencing using a polarization modulator (PolM) and a fiber Bragg grating (FBG) in an ultra-wideband (UWB) over fiber (UWBoF) system is proposed and experimentally demonstrated. In the proposed scheme, a PolM and an FBG in the central station (CS) are used to generate intensity-modulated impulse UWB signal based on PM-IM conversion. The downstream UWB signal is sent to a base station (BS) over an optical fiber. At the BS, when the principle axis of the polarizer is aligned with one of the two orthogonal states of polarization (SOPs), the downstream UWB signal is received and detected. When the principle axis of the polarizer is oriented at a special angle to one of the two orthogonal SOPs, a clear optical carrier without intensity modulation is generated, which is then reused for upstream UWB data transmission. A theoretical analysis is performed which is verified by an experiment. A bidirectional point-to-point transmission of 1.25 Gb/s UWB signal over 25-km single-mode fiber (SMF) using a single light source from the CS is demonstrated. The receiver sensitivity and the BER performance for both downstream and upstream transmissions are measured.

Hamiltonian analysis of a magnetoelectroelastic notch in a mode III singularity

The stress intensity factor (SIF) of a multi-material magnetoelectroelastic wedge in anti-plane deformation is analytically determined by the symplectic method. The Lagrangian equations in configuration variables alone are transformed to Hamiltonian equations in dual variables (configuration and momentum) which allow the use of the method of separation of variables. The solutions of the Hamiltonian equations can be expanded analytically in terms of the symplectic eigenfunctions with coefficients to be determined by the boundary conditions. For the wedge problem, the pairs of anti-plane displacements and shear stresses, electric fields and electric displacements, and magnetic fields and magnetic inductions are proved to be the dual (momentum) variables of the configuration variables. The singularity orders depend directly on the first few eigenvalues whose real parts are less than one but greater than zero. Numerical results for various conditions show the variations of the singularity orders. In particular, special behaviors of the order of the singularity for some special wedge angles are noted.

Minimization of Cogging Force in a Novel Linear Permanent-Magnet Motor for Artificial Hearts

This paper proposes a novel linear permanent-magnet (PM) motor, termed as double-stator tubular PM (DSTPM) motor, for artificial hearts. The key of the proposed DSTPM motor is to design the appropriate size of the inner and the outer stators so that the inner and the outer cogging forces can be counteracted by each other, thus minimizing the motor cogging force. To achieve this purpose, two stators are designed to have a special angle difference of 90 electrical degrees. Since one stator is located inside the mover, the inner space is fully used. Hence, the thrust density is enhanced and the axial direction length is reduced. Also, the PMs and the redundant windings are set in the stators, and the moving parts have only solid-iron salient poles. The electromagnetic characteristics of the proposed motor are analyzed by using the time-stepping finite-element method, confirming the validity of the proposed motor.

Lifelong Exposure to Multilingualism: New Evidence to Support Cognitive Reserve Hypothesis

ObjectiveInvestigate the protective effect of multilingualism on cognition in seniors.MethodsAs part of the MemoVie study conducted on 232 non-demented volunteers aged 65 and more, neurogeriatric and neuropsychological evaluations were performed. Participants were classified as presenting either cognitive impairment without dementia (CIND) or being free of any cognitive impairment (CIND-free). Language practices, socio-demographic data and lifestyle habits were recorded. In this retrospective nested case-control design, we used as proxies of multilingualism: number of languages practiced, age of acquisition and duration of practice, emphasizing the temporal pattern of acquisition, and the resulting practice of several languages sequentially or concomitantly during various periods of life. This special angle on the matter offered to our work a dimension particularly original and innovative.Results44 subjects (19%) had CIND, the others were cognitively normal. All practiced from 2 to 7 languages. When compared with bilinguals, participants who practiced more than 2 languages presented a lower risk of CIND, after adjustment for education and age (odds ratio (OR) = 0.30, 95% confidence limits (95%CL) = [0.10–0.92]). Progressing from 2 to 3 languages, instead of staying bilingual, was associated with a 7-fold protection against CIND (OR = 0.14, 95%CL = [0.04–0.45], p = 0.0010). A one year delay to reach multilingualism (3 languages practiced being the threshold) multiplied the risk of CIND by 1.022 (OR = 1.022, 95%CL = [1.01–1.04], p = 0.0044). Also noteworthy, just as for multilingualism, an impact of cognitively stimulating activities on the occurrence of CIND was found as well (OR = 0.979, 95%CL = [0.961–0.998], p = 0.033).ConclusionThe study did not show independence of multilingualism and CIND. Rather it seems to show a strong association toward a protection against CIND. Practicing multilingualism from early life on, and/or learning it at a fast pace is even more efficient. This protection might be related to the enhancement of cognitive reserve and brain plasticity, thereby preserving brain functions from alterations during aging.

Improving of Emissions and Performance of Rice Brawn Oil in Medium Grade Low Heat Rejection Diesel Engine

Investigations were carried out to evaluate the performance of a medium grade low heat rejection (LHR) diesel engine with air gap insulated piston and air gap insulated liner with 3-mm air gap at different operating conditions [normal temperature and pre-heated temperature] of crude rice brawn oil (CRBO) with varied injection pressure and injection timing. Performance parameters of brake thermal efficiency, exhaust gas temperature, volumetric efficiency, coolant load and sound intensity were determined at various values of brake mean effective pressure (BMEP). Exhaust emissions of smoke and oxides of nitrogen (NOx) were recorded at various values of BMEP. Combustion characteristics at peak load operation of the engine were measured with TDC (top dead centre) encoder, pressure transducer, console and special pressure-crank angle software package. Conventional engine (CE) showed deteriorated performance, while LHR engine showed improved performance with CRBO operation at recommended injection timing and pressure and the performance of both version of the engine improved with advanced injection timing and at higher injection pressure when compared with CE with pure diesel operation. The optimum injection timing was 32 o bTDC for CE while it was 30 o bTDC with LHR engine with CRBO operation. Compatible performance in terms of peak brake thermal efficiency, exhaust gas temperature, coolant load, smoke levels were observed with LHR engine with CRBO operation at recommended injection timing of 27 o bTDC. (Before top dead centre) in comparison with pure diesel operation

Exponential Asymptotics for Line Solitons in Two‐Dimensional Periodic Potentials

As a first step toward a fully two‐dimensional asymptotic theory for the bifurcation of solitons from infinitesimal continuous waves, an analytical theory is presented for line solitons, whose envelope varies only along one direction, in general two‐dimensional periodic potentials. For this two‐dimensional problem, it is no longer viable to rely on a certain recurrence relation for going beyond all orders of the usual multiscale perturbation expansion, a key step of the exponential asymptotics procedure previously used for solitons in one‐dimensional problems. Instead, we propose a more direct treatment which not only overcomes the recurrence‐relation limitation, but also simplifies the exponential asymptotics process. Using this modified technique, we show that line solitons with any rational line slopes bifurcate out from every Bloch‐band edge; and for each rational slope, two line‐soliton families exist. Furthermore, line solitons can bifurcate from interior points of Bloch bands as well, but such line solitons exist only for a couple of special line angles due to resonance with the Bloch bands. In addition, we show that a countable set of multiline‐soliton bound states can be constructed analytically. The analytical predictions are compared with numerical results for both symmetric and asymmetric potentials, and good agreement is obtained.

Cat's In the Cradle

BioTechniquesVol. 54, No. 2 From the EditorOpen AccessCat's In the CradleNathan S. BlowNathan S. Blow*E-mail Address: nathan.blow@informausa.comBioTechniquesSearch for more papers by this authorPublished Online:3 Apr 2018https://doi.org/10.2144/000113984AboutSectionsPDF/EPUB ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack Citations ShareShare onFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail “Dad, what is science?”“Science? Well, science is the search for the truth. It's all about trying to understanding what surrounds us in our world.”“Can I be a scientist?”“Of course you can. In some ways, you already are: when you look out at the world, ask questions, and seek answers.”“Science sounds fun. Let's make up some good questions right now!”“Well, it's not so simple. First you have to observe. When you see something you think is strange, then you can ask questions like: why is this strange, or how did this become strange.”“Like when we saw that platypus at the zoo?”“Exactly.”“So no making things up in science?”“Right. Unless—”“Unless what?”“Well, say you observe something interesting, like that platypus. But maybe the next step in answering your question—say, how the platypus got its bill—is a little beyond your reach; you don't have enough information at the moment. But you know that your idea on how this occurred is correct. Even if you can't prove your idea, you can say that it's highly possible.”“Possible?”“Yes. When we know something is going to happen, we can say that there is a strong probability it will occur.”“But, is that correct?”“Of course it's correct. Sometimes, things are implied even if they are not known. It's okay to assume in some instances.”“So, science can assume.”“Sure. But, you need to realize that scientific inquiry can be tough; proving your idea can take a long time. Still, you need to make sure you get your ideas out to the scientific community as quickly as possible.”“So, science is quick.”“There will always be someone else doing the same work as you, so you also have to find a special angle to make your results stand out.”“So, science stands out.”“Of course, you'll need money to do your research, and that comes through grants. Grants today are impossible to get: NIH is only putting out $31 billion each year. So, you might have to say you have done an experiment when you haven't yet, or you might not do an experiment when you already know the result in order to get funding…you know, a little fibbing to get those much-needed dollars.”“So, science can fib.”“And sometimes, you might have to fight with your colleagues for proper attribution in an article: for example, to make sure you are the lead author. Proper credit is important.”“So, science has fights.”“Don't forget, you must publish your findings in only the highest-profile journals with the best impact factors, so that your work is seen and cited.”“So, science is high-profile.”“But always claim that doesn't matter. Say that you ‘believe in open access' but keep publishing in the high-impact journals, of course. And be sure to disparage the impact factor as statistically inaccurate—that sounds popular and hip.”“So, science is popularity.”“And finally, when all is said and done and your career is well launched, make sure you stand on the shoulders of everyone who helped you better understand that world around you. After all, you are the one who spent years suffering for your love of science.”“So, science is suffering.”“You've got it. Any questions?”“Dad—what happened to the truth?”As always, please share your thoughts with us by posting at our Molecular Biology Forums under “To the Editor” (http://molecularbiology.forums.biotechniques.com) or sending an email directly to the editors (bioeditor@biotechniques.com).FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Vol. 54, No. 2 Follow us on social media for the latest updates Metrics History Published online 3 April 2018 Published in print February 2013 Information© 2013 Author(s)PDF download

Deep-etched high-spatial-frequency metal-based sandwiched grating for reflective dual-function beam splitter

We describe a novel reflective dual-function beam splitter by a deep-etched high-spatial-frequency metal-based sandwiched grating. For TE polarization, the presented grating can show high efficiency in the reflective −1st order. And for TM polarization, two-port output can be obtained with good uniformity in the reflective 0th and the −1st orders. Physical analysis of modal method and numerical calculation of rigorous coupled-wave analysis (RCWA) are utilized to optimize such a dual-function beam splitter grating. Grating duty cycle is chosen properly for the grating period by the effective indices difference of excited modes in the grating region based on modal method. And grating depth and covering layer thickness are optimized using simulation of RCWA. The presented dual-function beam splitter grating can have advantages of the special incident angle of 45°, high efficiency and uniformity, and wide incident angular bandwidth, which should be a useful element for various optical systems.

Comparative Performance of Crude Pongamia Oil in A Low Heat Rejection Diesel Engine

Aim: Experiments were carried out to evaluate the performance of a low heat rejection (LHR) diesel engine with ceramic coated cylinder head (ceramic coating of thickness 500 microns was done on inside portion of cylinder head) with different operating conditions (normal temperature and pre-heated temperature) of crude Pongamia oil with varied injection pressure and injection timing. Study Design: Performance parameters of brake thermal efficiency, exhaust gas temperature and volumetric efficiency were determined at various values of brake mean effective pressure (BMEP). Methodology: Exhaust emissions of smoke and oxides of nitrogen (NOx) were noted at the various values of BMEP. Combustion characteristics at peak load operation of the engine were measured with TDC (top dead centre) encoder, pressure transducer, console and special pressure-crank angle software package. Brief Results: Conventional engine (CE) showed deteriorated performance, while LHR engine showed improved performance with biodiesel operation at manufacturer's recommended injection timing of 27 o bTDC and pressure of 190 bar. The performance of both version of the engine was improved with advanced injection timing and at higher injection pressure when compared with CE with pure diesel operation. The optimum injection timing was 32 o bTDC for CE, while it was 29 o bTDC for LHR engine with CPO operation. Peak brake thermal efficiency increased by 7%, smoke levels timing, when compared with pure diesel operation on

How large dimension guarantees a given angle?

We study the following two problems: (1) Given $$n\ge 2$$ and $$0\le \alpha \le 180^\circ $$ , how large Hausdorff dimension can a compact set $$A\subset \mathbb{R }^n$$ have if $$A$$ does not contain three points that form an angle $$\alpha $$ ? (2) Given $$\alpha $$ and $$\delta $$ , how large Hausdorff dimension can a subset $$A$$ of a Euclidean space have if $$A$$ does not contain three points that form an angle in the $$\delta $$ -neighborhood of $$\alpha $$ ? An interesting phenomenon is that different angles show different behaviour in the above problems. Apart from the clearly special extreme angles $$0$$ and $$180^\circ $$ , the angles $$60^\circ , 90^\circ $$ and $$120^\circ $$ also play special role in problem (2): the maximal dimension is smaller for these angles than for the other angles. In problem (1) the angle $$90^\circ $$ seems to behave differently from other angles.

Identifying Highly Conserved and Unique Structural Elements in Myosin VI

Myosin VI possesses multiple unique features and is the only myosin known to move toward the (−)-end of actin filaments. This study used sequence and structure analyses to identify residues that are specific for myosin VI. Comparing the amino acids within myosin VI as well as between myosin VI and other myosins, we identified a series of myosin VI residues in the head region that are not only highly conserved in myosin VI, but whose amino acids are also distinct from those of other myosins. The majority of these myosin VI-specific residues have never been examined or speculated for their functional roles in myosin VI. Many of these residues locate in or adjacent to the converter domain. Among these residues, M701, P444, and F763 were revealed as unique for myosin VI. To further identify the mechanistic roles of these residues, we computationally mutated these three residues and examined their effects on conformational equilibrium using molecular dynamics simulation. We found that within a short 50-ns simulation, the conformational equilibria of mutated M701 and F763 were significantly deviated from the original states, indicating their important roles in linking the converter domain and the motor domain in the prestroke structure, potentially critical for the special rotation angle of myosin VI.

Research on Infrared Special Facula View Measurement Method Based on Image Processing Technology

In order to verify the detection range of special facula size which is emitted by infrared sensor, the method that uses image processing technology to calculate it parameters is proposed. According to the test condition, space geometric measurement model on calculating infrared sensor special facula view is set up, its measure principle is analyzed, and special facula image processing algorithm is give out. Standard grid screen is used to calculate and calibration special facula view, based on the size of special facula view in standard grid screen and the space geometric relation of camera and grid, the special facula view can be calculated and display in the computer. This paper analyzes the principle of measuring special facula view, researches its measure structure, and studies the disposing arithmetic of special facula view by image processing method, including image preprocessing, background and facula separation, and the edge detection. Using space physical geometric relation, special facula view angle can be gain. Through experiments, the technology of image processing is feasibility in special facula view calculating. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/telkomnika.v10i6.1396 Full Text: PDF

Manipulating minibands and achieving polarization-independent flattop band through one-dimensional photonic crystals

The minibands and minigaps in the transmission bands of one-dimensional photonic crystals have been studied through Bloch’s theorem, the tight-binding method and calculations based on the transfer matrix method. The minigap depths are dependent on the resonance intensity within the layers of one-dimensional photonic crystals and can be manipulated through the incidence angle. For a special structure and incidence angle, a polarization-independent flattop band can be achieved.

Kinetic-theory-based model of dense granular flows down inclined planes

This work extends a continuum model of sheared granular material comprising two-dimensional disks [C. H. Lee and C. J. Huang, Phys. Fluids 22, 043307 (2010)10.1063/1.3400203] to elucidate the dynamics of three-dimensional spheres. The proposed model is applied to investigate dense granular flows down an inclined plane. In the model, stress has a static component and a kinetic component. The constitutive model for shear stress reduces to the Bagnold model when the diffusion of granular temperature is small. The predicted rheological characteristics are identical to those observed in the preceding experiments and numerical simulations, validating the present model. The predicted rheological characteristics reveal that dense granular flows down an inclined plane are characterized by three special angles that determine the phase diagram. The predicted thick granular flow on an inclined plane exhibits the Bagnold velocity profile and a uniform volume fraction throughout its depth. The governing equation of granular temperature is simplified and solved analytically. The proposed shear granular flow model is also solved completely using the finite volume method. The predicted velocity and volume fraction agree very well with previous discretely simulated results. This work also proposes an equation for determining the characteristic length of dense granular flows and shows that its static component is close to the stopping height.

Preliminary Study on Carbon Fibre Composites Cutting Technology and Cutting Tools

Carbon fiber reinforced plastics (CFRP)/Ti super hybrid laminates are newly developed structural materials with excellent properties. But they are restricted in aircraft manufacturing because of their poor machining quality and short tool life. The machining quality and tool life are determined by machining ways, tool materials, drill point forms and drilling sequence. Spiral milling, drilling from Ti side, using the PCD tools and carbide drills with special point angle can improve the quality of hole and prolong tool life.