Spearman's Rho Correlation Test Research Articles

School head leadership qualities and school performance in the Pacific towns of Northern Samar

A correlational research design was employed to determine the relationship between the leadership qualities of school heads and the school performance in the 2019 National Achievement Test in the pacific towns of Northern Samar. The data were analyzed using frequency counts, percentage, mode, and Spearman rho correlation test at a .05 level of significance. Findings showed that the majority of the respondents are aged 30-34 years old, female, with at most ten years in the profession, hold a master's degree, have attended 11-20 seminars and conferences, and possess a very satisfactory level of leadership qualities in terms of challenging the people, inspiring people, enabling others to act, modeling the way, and encouraging people. Most schools in the pacific towns of Northern Samar scored average mastery in the national achievement test. However, no significant relationship was established between the leadership qualities of school heads and school performance on the national achievement test. Hence, local training workshops should be designed and conducted on the awareness of the leadership qualities of the school heads and teachers.

Screen Hours, Room, Number of Gadgets and Their Relation to Sleep Quality among Allied Health Students Enrolled in Online Class

Aim: To determine the factors related to the quality of sleep among allied health students Method: A correlation study design was used to identify the components. In total, 44 persons agreed and consented to participate in the study via purposive sampling. The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index was used to assess sleep quality. Data with a p value of 0.05 was examined using the Pearson R and Spearman Rho correlation tests. Results: Pearson correlation revealed a relationship between number of screen hours, (R value = .330 and P value = .029) number of gadgets (R value = .365 and P value = .015) and while Fisher exact test revealed an association between room (46.18, P value = .009) and sleep quality. Conclusion and Implications: A statistically significant correlation was identified between screen time, the quantity of gadgets in the study room, and poor sleep quality, according to the study. The findings can be used to establish educational activities and timetables that are more healthful for students.

Social Media Networks and Parents’ Motivations for Involvement

The technological revolution has filtered into the sector of education and among other things, impacts the dynamic interpersonal connections between parents and teachers through digital means and social media networks. The current study aims at examining the relationship between teacher use of social networks for home-school communication and parent motivations for involvement in their child's schooling in Moroccan public schools. A sample comprising 430 participants, 214 parents (N214) and 216 teachers (N216) of grades 1 through 12 from both urban and rural areas, were invited to participate in two distinct and separate online surveys. The surveys adapted versions of scales used by Hoover- Dempsey et al. (2002) and Walker et al. (2005) to apply Hoover-Dempsey and Sandler’s (1995, 1997) model of the parent involvement process. The results of a Spearman Rho correlation test revealed a positive correlation between teacher use of social media platforms and most of parents perceived motivations for involvement. This finding indicates that the use of social media networks may represent an efficacious emerging strategy to surmount life-context setbacks to parental involvement. Furthermore, a significant positive correlation was also found between teacher beliefs about parental involvement's importance and efficacy and parent perceptions of contextual invitations from the child and the teacher. This additional finding extends Keyes’ (2000) seminal work, where she identified communication as the central aspect of Epstein’s typology of the parent involvement process. Results, as well as implications, are discussed herein, in addition to suggestions for practices that may enhance parent involvement in their child scholastic experience. Keywords: Parent involvement motivations, home-school communication, social media networks, students’ achievement. DOI: 10.7176/JEP/13-12-04 Publication date: April 30 th 2022

Social Media Invitations and Parents’ Psychological Motivators for Involvement

Rapid and unprecedented changes to family life in the technological era have left many parents feeling unable to effectively participate in their child’s educational journey. The current study aims at examining the relationship between parent perceptions of social media-based contextual invitations from the child, the teacher, and the school and parents' psychological motivations for involvement including role-activity construction as well as their self-efficacy to make a difference in their child’s scholastic journey in Moroccan public schools. A sample comprising 214 students’ parents (N214) of grades 1 through 12 from both urban and rural areas were invited to participate in an online survey. The survey adapted the pre-validated and revised versions of scales used by Walker et al. (2005) to apply Hoover-Dempsey and Sandler’s (1995, 1997) model of the parent involvement process. The results of a Spearman Rho correlation test revealed a positive correlation between parent perceptions of social media-based contextual invitations from the child, the teacher, and the school and parents' psychological motivations for involvement. This finding indicates that the use of social media networks may represent an efficacious emerging strategy to surmount some psychological setbacks to parental involvement. Furthermore, this finding extends Keyes’ (2000) seminal work, where she identified communication as the central aspect of Epstein’s typology of the parent involvement process. Results, as well as implications, are discussed herein, in addition to suggestions for practices that may enhance parent involvement in their child's scholastic experience. Keywords: Parent psychological motivations, home-school communication, social media networks, students’ achievement. DOI: 10.7176/JEP/13-12-05 Publication date: April 30 th 2022

Assessing parents\u2019 self-efficacy to handle child obesity-related behaviors: validation of the Lifestyle Behavior Checklist in Iran

BackgroundThe aim of the present study was to validate the Lifestyle Behavior Checklist (LBC) questionnaire, to measure Iranian parents' perceptions of their children's weight-related behaviors and their self-efficacy in dealing with those behaviors.MethodsThe LBC was translated into Farsi. Face and content validity of the questionnaire was evaluated by an expert panel. A total of 213 mothers of 3–12-year-old children responded to the questionnaire. Criterion validity of the questionnaire was evaluated through comparing its result with a parenting style questionnaire. Principal component analysis (PCA) and confirmatory factor analyses (CFA) were used to evaluate construct validity of the questionnaire. Reproducibility was measured by twice administration of LBC, one month apart and using Spearman's rho correlation test. The questionnaire's internal consistency was assessed by calculating Cronbach's α.ResultsLBC Problem scale was significantly correlated with authoritarian parenting style score, while the Confidence scale was significantly correlated with authoritative and negatively with permissive and authoritarian parenting styles. PCA suggested a six-factor construct, including, fussy eating, food-related problem behaviors, overeating behaviors, low interest in physical activity, poor self-image and sedentary behaviors. The results of CFA indicated acceptable fit indices for the proposed models. Both, Problem scale (Cronbach's α = 0.8) and Confidence scale (Cronbach's α = 0.95) had high internal consistency. Spearman correlation coefficients indicated acceptable reproducibility for both the Problem scale (r = 0.74) and the Confidence scale (r = 0.70).ConclusionsThe Farsi version of LBC questionnaire is reliable and reasonably valid to measure Iranian mothers' perception of their children's weight-related problem behavior.

Evaluation of Shade Matching Accuracy of Smartphone Application compared to Conventional Visual Method: An Observational Pilot Study

Introduction: Shade selection has been always a challenging step for a dentist by using a shade guide in manual visual selection. “Colour Grab” application of the smartphone simplifies the procedure of shade selection by providing L a* b* values. Aim: To evaluate the accuracy of the Smartphone application in shade selection compared to the visual method of shade selection. Materials and Methods: This observational pilot study was conducted at Maratha Mandal Dental College, Belagavi, Karnataka, India, from January 2022 to March 2022. A total of 30 subjects were examined by five observers for shade selection using two methods - 1. Conventional visual method, 2. Smartphone application. A total of 300 samples were collected by the both methods. Colour grab application was used to determine L a* b* values of Vita Classic Shade tabs at a distance of 25 cm on neutral grey background and tabulated. Data was collected and subjected to statistical analysis. Cronbach’s alpha test for interobserver reliability analysis, intraclass correlation test and Spearman rho correlation tests were used to determine the inter-observer and intra-observer shade selection accuracy respectively. Results: A total of 30 subjects (Females-16, Males-14) of age between 18-40 years were observed and analysed. For observers 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5, the correlation coefficients were 0.962, 0.849, 0.824, 0.930 and 0.793 respectively at p-value <0.01 for all observers which was highly significant. This test showed that there was strong correlation between the two techniques for each observer which had excellent consistency. Conclusion: Colour Grab smartphone application can be used as an alternative method to conventional visual method in shade selection.

Psychological Impact of Coping Strategies and Nurse Performance During the Covid-19 Pandemic at Rspal Dr. Ramelan Surabaya

Background: Coronavirus disease (Covid-19) has become an epidemic that creates a psychological burden for nurses who provide nursing care in health services. The psychological condition of nurses who are not good will affect anxiety, coping strategies, and performance when carrying out nursing care. Purpose: This study aims to describe the psychological impact on coping strategies and the performance of nurses in health services. Methods: The research design used observational analytic with a cross sectional approach. The population used were nurses who worked in the COVID-19 isolation room at the Naval Central Hospital Dr. Ramelan Surabaya with 54 nurses. The sampling technique is used with total sampling, that is, the entire population is used as a sample in the study. Results: The results of the Spearman Rho correlation test have a relationship between the psychological impact of anxiety and the nurse's strategy in dealing with COVID-19 patients (ρ-value = 0.001); there is no relationship between the psychological impact of anxiety and the performance of nurses in dealing with covid 19 patients (ρ-value = 0.08); there is no relationship between the psychological impact of depression and the performance of nurses in dealing with covid 19 patients (ρ-value = 0.064). and there is a relationship between the psychological impact of stress and the performance of nurses in dealing with covid 19 patients (ρ-value = 0.0124); and there is a relationship between the psychological impact of stress and the performance of nurses in dealing with covid 19 patients (p-value = 0.0124). Conclusion: Psychological impacts do not always affect the performance of nurses, this can happen because nurses have good coping skills, plus nurses have attended seminars and training so that nurses' knowledge and skills have increased. Nurses have also been vaccinated, so nurses' anxiety and fear in treating COVID patients has decreased.

THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN SELF-EFFICACY AND ACADEMIC ACHIEVEMENT

This research is motivated by the emergence of the phenomenon of students experiencing a decline in grades. Academic achievement is a skill and ability as an achievement which is considered as a measure of student success. One of the factors that influence academic achievement is self-efficacy. To determine the relationship between self-efficacy and student achievement. Using quantitative research methods with a population of 152 students. Researchers used non-probability sampling technique with incidental sampling technique, obtained 58 samples. Data collection in this study used a scale (questionnaire/questionnaire) via google form using a Likert scale and documentation method in the form of IPS scores (Semester Achievement Index) to measure student achievement. The data analysis technique used Spearman Rho correlation test with SPSS 25.0 program. The results of this study indicate that there is no relationship between self-efficacy and student achievement. This research can be useful as scientific information about the development of educational psychology, especially regarding self-efficacy and academic achievement. The limited number of samples who are willing to become respondents, as a consideration for further researchers to further deepen by using Academic Achievement with different variables.

Breast cancer patients therapeutic adherence during the COVID-19 pandemic in Indonesia: Knowledge level analytical study.

89 Background: Corona virus diseases 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic is a new challenge for Indonesia's cancer patient’s treatment. Patients face problems in undergoing therapy during the pandemic due to government lockdown regulations. Cancer patients, especially breast cancer, still do not understand how to deal with this problem. This study aims to determine COVID-19 knowledge’s effect on therapeutic adherence in breast cancer patients in Indonesia. Methods: This study was a cross-sectional study conducted from February to April 2021. This study involved breast cancer patients from various regions in Indonesia. The research instrument employed the UNS-CASKQ14 questionnaire (Universitas Sebelas Maret-Cancer Altitude Satisfaction Knowledge Questionnaire) to determine COVID-19 knowledge and therapeutic adherence levels in breast cancer patients. The data were then tested the Spearman Rho correlation utilizing SPSS 25. Results: There were 812 respondents in this study, with the most respondents in the age range of 50-59 years (31.8%). As many as 222 (27.3%) respondents had a low knowledge level about COVID-19, 511 (62.9%) respondents had a sufficient knowledge level, and 79 (9.8%) respondents had a good knowledge level. As many as 369 (45.4%) respondents had a low therapeutic adherence level, and 443 (54.6%) respondents had a good adherence level during the COVID-19 pandemic. Based on the Spearman Rho correlation test between COVID-19 knowledge and therapeutic adherence levels, the results obtained were p = 0.51 (p > 0.05), with the Spearman Rho coefficient value = 0.026. Conclusions: There was no significant effect between COVID-19 knowledge and therapeutic adherence levels in breast cancer patients during the COVID-19 pandemic in Indonesia.

Determining the relationship between the impairment of selective voluntary motor control and gait deviations in children with cerebral palsy using simple video-based analyses.

The impairment of selective voluntary motor control (SVMC) in children with cerebral palsy (CP) has been shown to correlate with their gait characteristics using complex 3D gait analysis systems (3DGA); however, this relationship has not been investigated using simple video-based observational gait analysis (VBOGA). The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between VBOGA and SVMC of the lower extremities in children with CP. Forty-two CP children 10.9 ± 5.7 years old with Gross Motor Function Classification System (GMFCS) levels I-III participated in the study. Their gait characteristics were assessed using the Edinburgh Visual Gait Score (EVGS), and selective voluntary motor control was tested using the Selective Control Assessment of the Lower Extremity (SCALE). Spearman's rho correlation test with Cohen's classification were used in the statistical analyses. The GMFCS levels (r = 0.604, p < 0.001), foot clearance (r = -0.584. p < 0.001), and maximum ankle dorsiflexion (r =-0.567, p < 0.001) during the swing phase had strong correlations with total SCALE scores. There was also a moderate correlation between total SCALE scores and total EVGS (r =-0.494, p < 0.001), knee extension in the terminal swing phase (r = -0.353, p < 0.001), peak sagittal trunk position (r = -0.316, p < 0.005), and maximum lateral shift (r = -0.37, p < 0.001). Impaired lower extremity SVMC was noticeably related to the foot and ankle movements in the swing phase and initial stance during walking as well as the total EVGS scores and sagittal and frontal trunk movements. The SCALE correlations with VBOGA were similar those observed in the complex 3DGA in the literature; therefore, we suggest that SVMC impairment of gait could be evaluated using simple VBOGA. These findings may help to tailor physical therapy programs for CP children to increase their motor control and walking quality.

Self-efficacy for prevention of diabetic foot ulcer among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus

Background: It is estimated that by 2040 there will be more than 642 million people with diabetes in the world and 80% of those people will live in developing countries. This means that every 6 seconds there is one person with diabetes who dies. WHO estimates that the number of DM sufferers in Indonesia will increase from 8.4 million in 2000 to around 21.3 million in 2030. Currently, Indonesia is ranked as the fourth largest DM sufferer after China, India, and the US. The prevalence of diabetes mellitus in Lampung Province has increased with prevalence (1.2%). Purpose: To determine of self-efficacy for prevention of diabetic foot ulcers among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus Method: A descriptive correlational design to determine the relationship between variables. The sample is 107 respondents and the sample is taken using purposive sampling. Data were collected using a questionnaire, foot care confidence scale (FCCS), and treatment behavior scale for diabetes (FCBS for Diabetes). The independent variable of this research is self-efficacy of DM patients and the dependent variable of this research is foot care activity. Data analysis using Spearman Rho correlation test (α = 0.05). Results: Spearman Rho correlation test showed that there was a relationship between self-efficacy of people with diabetes mellitus and behavior in foot care activities. p-value = 0.000 (p <0.05), r = 0.786. Conclusion: High self-efficacy in respondents with type-2 diabetes mellitus will increase behavior related to foot care activities.

Fungsi Kognitif dengan Kualitas Hidup Pada Lansia

As age increases, various body deteriorioration will follow, one of them is cognitive function. The brain function of memory recall or remembering something is part of cognitive function. If this function weaken, daily activities will be disturbed and may have impacts on quality of life. This study aimed to analyze the correlation between cognitive function and quality of life in elderly. This was a cross-sectional design. Population was all elderly living in a private nursing home in Surabaya (N=150). Based on sample's selection criteria, there were 145 elderly participated as respondents. Instruments used were Mini Mental State Exam (MMSE) for measuring cognitive function, and Older People Quality of Life (OPQOL) for measuring quality of life in elderly. Most respondents had normal cognitive function, but their quality of life was mostly sufficient. Statistical analysis by Spearman's Rho correlation test showed that cognitive function was significantly correlated with quality of life in elderly (p=0.008). The aging process has impact on cognitive function deterioration which resulted in a decrease in elderly's quality of life.&#x0D; Keywords: cognitive function, elderly, quality of life

Tingkat Kecemasan Berhubungan dengan Kualitas Tidur Ibu Hamil Trimester III

Pregnancy is a biological and psychological condition which certainly requires adaptation for women who are experiencing it. In the United States there are 40 million people experiencing anxiety disorders before childbirth. Third trimester pregnant women often feel afraid and anxious about the child who will be born later, so that pregnant women experience sleep quality disturbances. The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between anxiety level and sleep quality of third trimester pregnant women at Ketapang Health Center. This type of quantitative research with a cross sectional approach. The population was 130 respondents in the third trimester of pregnant women at the Ketapang Health Center. The number of samples was 45 respondents using purposive sampling technique. Sleep quality variables used the PSQI (Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index) questionnaire and the anxiety level variables used the HARS (Hamilton Rating Scale For Anxiety) questionnaire with data analysis tests using the Spearman Rho correlation test with a 95% confidence level. The results of the bivariate analysis showed that respondents who experienced mild anxiety with good sleep quality were 3 people (60%) and respondents who experienced severe anxiety with poor sleep quality were 15 people (83.3%). The correlation test between Anxiety Level and Sleep Quality for Third Trimester Pregnant Women obtained p value = 0.000, so it can be concluded that there is a relationship between anxiety levels and sleep quality for third trimester pregnant women at the Ketapang Health Center. Future research is expected to use other factors that can affect the quality of sleep of pregnant women, especially in the third trimester of pregnancy.

THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN AWARENESS AND KNOWLEDGE LEVEL OF CLINICAL DENTAL STUDENTS ABOUT ORAL CANCER DISEASE

Background: Oral cancer is the sixth most common type of cancer with two out of three cases occurring in developing countries. As clinical dental students, knowledge and awareness about oral cancer should also be improved with the aim of helping them as future dentists to be more ready to act immediately in prevention phase and early diagnosis of oral cancer.Objective: This study aims to analyze the relationship between the level of knowledge and the level of awareness of dental students about oral cancer.Methods: An observational analytic study with a cross sectional study design. A total of 91 clinical dental students participated in this study. Oral cancer awareness and knowledge level were measured using a pre-validated questionnaire. Spearman’s rho correlation test was used to determine the association between oral cancer awareness and knowledge level of clinical dental students.Results: Out of 91 clinical dental students, 61 (67%) students got excellent-graded awareness and 57 (62,6%) students got good-graded knowledge. Spearman rho correlation test showed oral cancer awareness were significantly associated (p=0,007) with oral cancer knowledge level. Significant positive linear correlations (r=0,279) between oral cancer awareness and knowledge level were also observed from the study results.Conclusion: Clinical dental students’ oral cancer awareness and knowledge level are significantly associated.

Factors associated with moderate sedation attendance at a university-based pediatric dental clinic.

To evaluate patient attendance for moderate sedation (MS) at a university-based pediatric dental clinic; to identify factors with negative impact on MS being completed and to assess for associations between no-show appointments and patient variables METHODS: The electronic health records of patients scheduled for MS appointments in a 22-month period were assessed by a single investigator. Demographic and clinical data related to appointment attendance and MS procedure performance were collected and statistically analyzed using chi-square, Spearman's rho correlation tests, and logistic regression (p<0.05) RESULTS: A total of 618 scheduled MS appointments were included. The MS appointment no-show-rate was 17.1 percent. Appointment confirmation (p=0.001) and dmft score ≥ 9 (p=0.039) had positive correlation with attendance, while "no-shows" history (p=0.024) and longer waiting time (p=0.040) had negative impact on attendance. About 20% of attended MS were not completed, with main reasons of airway risk (32.3%), ongoing illness (28.4%), and violation of NPO guidelines (21.5%). Race, ethnicity, language spoken, child's behavior, and distance traveled had no significant impact on attendance CONCLUSION: Interventions to decrease non-attendance rates should target patients who are unconfirmed, have a history of no-show appointments, and are scheduled well before the sedation appointment.

Abstract 2535: Leukemic Cell Proteomic Profiling in Pediatric AML

Abstract Introduction: Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML) is a heterogeneous disease with cytogenetic abnormalities and gene mutations that are routinely used in clinical practice to stratify patients into three risk groups: low, intermediate, or high. Core binding factor (CBF) AML with inv(16) and t(8;21) involved in CBFP-MYH11 and RUNX1-RUNX1T1 gene fusions is associated with a better prognosis. Likewise, outcomes are inferior in patients with non-CBF (NCBF) AML. Despite efforts on genomics and transcriptomics to understand the AML heterogeneity, studies focused on proteomic profiles associated with AML cytogenetic features remain limited. Therefore, the objective of this study is to detect proteomic differences in CBF vs. NCBF pediatric AML as well as to identify proteomic markers associated with the therapeutic response after induction treatment. Methods: For this pilot study, we selected 16 patients (6 with CBF-AML and 10 with NCBF-AML) that were treated in the multi-center AML02 clinical trial (NCT00136084). Leukemic cells at diagnosis were used to generate an untargeted global proteomics profile using 16-plex TMT-LC/LC-MS/MS. Overall, 9800 unique proteins were identified and were evaluated for differences between CBF and non-CBF AML using non-parametric rank-sum statistical tests from the R Bioconductor RankProd package. An exploratory analysis was further performed to identify proteins associated with minimal residual disease after induction 1 (MRD1) in the 10 NCBF patients. Given 15 patients also had gene expression levels using Affymetrix U133A microarray available, Spearman's Rho correlation test between transcriptomics and proteomics was also performed. Results and Conclusion: As compared to CBF-AML, we identified 63 upregulated and 49 downregulated proteins (LogFC &amp;gt;1 and FDR &amp;lt;0.05) in NCBF-AML. The top 10 proteins included upregulated proteins CYP7B1, MYT1L, MMP8, MMP24, CTSG, MGLL, HOXD10, and downregulated proteins TPPP3, HLA-DRB3, MMP14. Within non-CBF AML patients, higher levels of MXRA7, DPYSL2, TNFSF13, PHGHDH proteins and lower levels of MMP8, KLKB1, VCAM, CEACAM1 proteins were predictive of MRD1 positivity after the first induction (LogFC&amp;gt;1, p&amp;lt;0.0001 and FDR &amp;lt;0.15). Though the sample size is small, we observed minimal statistically significant correlations (p&amp;lt;0.05) with 16.2% between leukemic cell transcriptome and proteome. This implies a potential for unleashing biological heterogeneity beyond cytogenetics using proteomics. Our ongoing work is focused on expanding the evaluation of proteomics with AML cytogenetic heterogeneity and clinical outcomes in a larger cohort of AML patients for identifying prognostic markers to refine patient classification and to discover novel therapeutic targets. Acknowledgments: This research was supported by NIH R01CA132946 and University of Florida Health Cancer Center Opportunity funds. Citation Format: Nam K. Nguyen, Huiyun Wu, Junmin Peng, Jeffrey E. Rubnitz, Stanley Pounds, Jatinder K. Lamba. Leukemic Cell Proteomic Profiling in Pediatric AML [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2021; 2021 Apr 10-15 and May 17-21. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2021;81(13_Suppl):Abstract nr 2535.

Changing Trends of Shopping Habits and Tourism During the Second Wave of COVID-19 – International Comparison

Over the last year, many things have changed in every field as a consequence of the COVID-19 pandemic. Given the rapid spread of the coronavirus, the heads of states and governments had to respond to the virus forthwith. As government restrictions have been introduced, people started to reconsider their decisions in terms of consumption and saving. The closures affected many areas that changed people's daily lives. As a result, new trends have appeared, for instance, in the tourism field and people's shopping habits. The data were collected among Slovak and Hungarian citizens through surveys as a quantitative method. Nonparametric Pearson's chi-square test, Spearman's rho correlation test, and Mann-Whitney U tests were performed to analyze six formulated hypotheses. For the latter, it was necessary to carry out normality tests. The main purpose of this article is to give an international comparison in questions whether people will prefer domestic tourism over foreign one if people prefer domestic traders' products or foreign traders' products, whether the respondents buy online more frequently due to the pandemic, if they spend less on leisure travel and whether they think that the interest in e-commerce continues to grow. As a result of the research, it can be declared that both Slovak and Hungarian people traders prefer buying domestic traders' products instead of foreign traders' ones, while the Hungarian respondents shop online more frequently. The results pointed out that Slovak respondents will prefer domestic tourism over foreign tourism.

Neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio as a prognostic factor for minute clear cell renal cell carcinoma diagnosed using multi-slice spiral CT.

Minute clear cell renal cell carcinoma (MccRCC) has a diameter of <1.5 cm and can be diagnosed using multi-slice spiral CT (MSCT). Recently, the role of the neutrophil–lymphocyte ratio (NLR) in the development of MccRCC has attracted attention. This study aimed to further explore the relationship between the NLR and MccRCC.This was a prospective study of 100 patients who were diagnosed with MccRCC using MSCT at Urumqi Friendship Hospital, China. The study investigated a series of pretreatment factors, including NLR and patients’ general clinical data. Statistical methods employed included Pearson's chi-square test, Spearman-rho correlation test, Cox regression analysis, and receiver operator characteristic curve analysis.Based on Pearson's χ2, Spearman-rho test, and univariate/multivariate Cox regression analysis, the overall survival of patients with MccRCC was shown to be significantly related to NLR (P < .001). NLR (hazard ratio = 50.676, 95%CI, 17.543–146.390, P < .001) is a significant independent risk-factor for MccRCC. A receiver operator characteristic curve was plotted to examine specificity and sensitivity between NLR and MccRCC (area under curve = 0.958, P < .001).The level of the NLR plays a crucial role in the survival of patients with MccRCC, as diagnosed with MSCT. The higher the NLR, the worse the prognosis for patients with MccRCC.

Korelasi Prilaku Personal Hyegiene Saat Menstruasi dengan pH Vagina pada Mahasiswi di Asrama UMPRI

Personal hygiene in menstruation is also very important because it can trigger vaginal discharge. Leucorrhoea usually occurs due to unbalanced vagina PH (hydrogen potential). Inappropriate personal hygiene behavior in menstruation is not only done by teenagers who do not understand reproductive health, but health students have less personal hygiene behavior. The purpose of this study was to determine the correlation of personal hyegiene behavior during menstruation with Genetalia pH in Health Students. The research used is descriptive correlation with cross sectional design using purposive sampling of 82 samples conducted in July - September 2019 at the Muhammadiyah Pringsewu University Dermatory. Research Results The majority of personal hygiene behavior is sufficient for 44 respondents (53.7%), genetalia pH is mostly normal as many as 50 respondents (61%) and the results of the Spearman rho correlation test obtained a p value of 0.000. Based on these results, the importance of education on personal hygiene during menstruation is carried out before or immediately after menstruation for young women and the importance of providing repeated education on personal hygiene for adolescents living in dormitories.

CORRELATIONS BETWEEN PLANTAR PRESSURE AND JOINT KINEMATICS IN FEMALE RECREATIONAL RUNNERS

performed simultaneous assessments of plantar pressure and joint kinematics; however, they have not investigated correlations between these parameters. The goal of this study was to assess relationships between joint kinematics and plantar pressure metrics during stance phase of running. Fifteen female recreational runners participated in this study. Three-dimensional motion analysis and plantar pressure data were collected simultaneously as the subjects ran on an instrumented treadmill. Participants ran at a self-selected speed while maintaining a heart rate (HR) at 70-80% of their maximum HR (max HR = 220 – age). Sagittal and coronal plane motion of the ankle and hip and sagittal plane motion of the knee, along with peak plantar pressure, peak ground reaction force (GRF), force impulse, and pressure impulse were examined. Spearman rho correlation tests were performed to determine correlations among lower extremity joint kinematics and plantar pressure metrics. Positive correlations were found between peak plantar pressure and ankle dorsiflexion, knee flexion, and ankle inversion as well as between running speed and peak GRF. These correlations gave insight into risk factors for injury based on the relationship between plantar pressure metrics and joint kinematics.