Spearman Rank Correlation Test Research Articles

Post-Chemotherapy Clinical Perianal Infection Features in Patients with Acute Leukemia

Objective: This study aims to examine the incidence of post-chemotherapy perianal infection and its influencing factors in patients with acute leukemia.<br>Methods: A total of 243 patients with acute leukemia who underwent chemotherapy in the Three Gorges Hospital affiliated to Chongqing University, China, between January 2019 and December 2020 were selected as study subjects. In the present retrospective study, patients with post-chemotherapy perianal infection were monitored, and the perianal infection rate and clinical features of perianal infection were determined. Categorical variables were compared using the Chi-square test, and the influencing factors of post-chemotherapy perianal infection in patients with acute leukemia were evaluated using logistic analysis.<br>Results: A total of 24 patients (9.88%) with acute leukemia suffered post-chemotherapy perianal infection. Age, basic perianal disease (hemorrhoids) history, constipation, diarrhea, duration of agranulocytosis, and length of hospital stay were compared among the patients. Perianal disease classification, perianal ultrasound, colonoscopy, postoperative pathology, and other clinical data were compared and discussed in relation to the occurrence and development of the disease. The results showed that there were no significant differences in perianal infection degrees between genders and among different types of leukemia (p > 0.05). There were no statistically significant differences in age, pain score, minimum white blood cell count, deficiency duration, and length of hospital stay among patients with different degrees of infection. The Spearman rank correlation test showed that the perianal infection degree was positively correlated with the highest hypersensitive C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) level (p < 0.05). The difference was statistically significant; the higher the maximum hs-CRP/procalcitonin levels, the more serious the perianal infection.<br>Conclusions: Perianal infections are common in the procession of chemotherapy or myelosuppression. This is worthy of clinical recognition. Early recognition of perianal infection and the strengthening of infection risk factor control may be beneficial to improving the subjective feelings of patients with acute leukemia undergoing chemotherapy.

The relationship between self ac The relationship between self acceptance and body dissatisfaction among female adolescent Tiktok users in the city of Makassar

The more TikTok social media users among teenage girls, the more it will influence self acceptance of their bodies. TikTok social media can be one of the triggers for a person's dissatisfaction with their body shape due to visual content that influences the individual. This research aims to find out the relationship between self acceptance and body dissatisfaction in teenage girls who use TikTok in the city of Makassar. The research method used is a quantitative research method. The subjects in this research were teenage girls using the social media TikTok aged 11-18 years and domiciled in the city of Makassar (N = 400) who were obtained using accidental sampling techniques. Research data was tested using the Spearman rank correlation test. The measuring instruments used are the self acceptance scale and the body dissatisfaction scale. The results of the research show that there is a negative relationship between self acceptance and body dissatisfaction among teenage girls who use TikTok in the city of Makassar, amounting to (r) -0.868 with a significance level of 0.000. This research illustrates that the higher self-acceptance, the lower body dissatisfaction. The results of this research contribute to adolescent girls increasing positive self acceptance so that they can accept their bodies, thereby reducing the risk of negative things occurring due to a lack of self acceptance, one of which is body dissatisfaction. Teenagers can start by using TikTok social media wisely so that it has a positive effect on themselves. The conclusion is that from the research results, it was found that there was a negative relationship between self-acceptance and body dissatisfaction in teenage girls who use TikTok in Makassar city.

Correlation between Energy and Protein Intake with Stunting Incidence in Toddlers

Stunting is a nutritional problem that occurs in Indonesia. Stunting is a condition of physical growth failure caused by chronic nutritional problems that occur for a long time. This study aimed to determine the relationship between energy and protein intake with the incidence of stunting. This study used a cross-sectional study design with a sample of 41 toddlers. The results obtained were analyzed using the Spearman Rank correlation test and multiple linear regression tests. There is a positive and significant relationship between energy intake and the incidence of stunting, as shown by the correlation coefficient of 0,72 (p-value = 0,00); in other words, the better the nutritional status (not stunting). There is a positive and significant relationship between protein intake and stunting as indicated by a correlation coefficient of 0,79 (p value = 0,00), in other words, the better the nutritional status (not stunting). Based on the results of multiple linear regression tests, a coefficient of determination of R Square = 0,79 was obtained, which means that the variables of energy intake and protein intake affect the incidence of stunting by 79%.

The Relationship between HbA1c and Glucosuria in Diabetes Mellitus (DM) Patients

Diabetes mellitus is a condition of abnormalities in blood glucose metabolism that can cause various macroangiopathy complications such as disorders of the peripheral blood vessels, heart blood vessels, cerebral blood vessels as well as microangipathic complications such as diabetic retinopathy disorders, nephropathy and neuropathy. HbA1c describes the level of sugar in the blood for the last 3 months. Glucose is not found in normal urine because it is reabsorbed back into the blood vessels by renal filtration. The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between HbA1c levels and glucosuria in people with diabetes mellitus. The design of this study is a cross-sectional approach to DM patients. The sampling technique used was purposive sampling. Data analysis was carried out by means of Spearman's rank correlation test. Results Correlation analysis showed that there was a significant relationship between HbA1c levels and glucosuria in DM patients p-value 0.005 with a coefficient value of 0.597. The conclusion from this study is that there is a significant relationship with a strong correlation strength and a positive correlation direction for DM sufferers.

Nutritional Status Correlated with the Development of Toddlers Aged 24-60 Months

Nutritional status is one of the physical variables that affects a child's growth and development. Considering that children are still in the process of growing and developing, it is crucial that their nutritional demands are addressed to the fullest extent possible. The purpose of this study was to determine how nutritional status and the development of toddlers aged 24 and 60 months related one another. Cross-sectional study was employed as the methodology of the study. 20 toddlers was served as the sample, which was collected through complete sampling at the Posyandu in Kuningan Village, Kanigoro District, and Blitar Regency. The Spearman Rank correlation test was used to examine the data. The study's findings indicated a correlation between nutritional status and toddlers' development aged of 24 and 60 months. Good category of nutritional status of the Toddlers showed good development results appropriate to their age. The recommendation of this research is for parents to pay more attention to nutritional intake and provide stimulation according to their toddler's development so that disorder in the developmental stage will not be occurred.

HUBUNGAN POLA MAKAN DAN KEBIASAAN SARAPAN TERHADAP STATUS GIZI PEDAGANG PASAR PURWODADI KABUPATEN PURWOREJO

Market traders are a group of workers who are prone to nutritional problems. Breakfast (breakfast) provides energy used for the first hour of activity including work. Nutrient intake is something that will affect their nutritional status. This study aims to analyze the relationship between eating patterns and breakfast habits with the nutritional status of traders in Purwodadi market, Purworejo district. This study used a cross-sectional research design located at Pasar Purwodadi, Purworejo Regency during July 2023. A total of 73 traders were collected for data on eating patterns using semi FFQ questionnaire. While nutritional status data was taken using anthropometric measurements in the form of height and weight. Analysis of the data used is the Spearman Rank correlation test. Most traders have normal nutritional status (58.9%), with breakfast habits in a fairly good category (54.8%) and a fairly good diet (97.3%). Based on the results of the Spearman rank correlation test, a positive and significant relationship was found between breakfast habits and nutritional status with p=0.035 (p<0.05), while traders' diets were not significantly related to nutritional status with p=0.276 (p> 0.05). Breakfast habits, especially in the morning, are related to the nutritional status of traders at the Purwodadi market, Purworejo district.Keywords—Breakfast, Market traders, FFQ

Implementation of Environmental Cleanliness Program through the Role of the Community in Pematang Siantar City

Pematang Siantar, as a transit city to Parapat Tourist Destination, plays a crucial role in waste management efforts. The city government has successfully implemented cleanliness programs, as evidenced by the Adipura award received by Pematang Siantar. This research was conducted in the city, with purposive sampling selecting three neighborhoods: Suka Maju, Dwikora, and Suka Dame. Descriptive analysis was used with a sample size of approximately 10-35% of the population, and the Spearman rank correlation test was employed to determine the relationship between the community's role in the Environmental Cleanliness program. The aim is to compare the implementation of environmental cleanliness programs through community participation in these three locations. Factors such as Idealized policy, Target groups, Implementing organization, and Environmental factors, as well as community characteristics such as age, income, number of family members, and length of residence, will be evaluated in relation to the level of community involvement. The research results are expected to provide insights for local governments and communities to actively participate in the Environmental Cleanliness program in Pematang Siantar. With a focus on three out of six districts, namely Siantar Barat, Siantar Utara, and Siantar Marihat, this study highlights the importance of community education, income, and trust levels in the context of community roles. Suka Maju, with higher education and income levels, demonstrates a greater role compared to Suka Dame and Dwikora. An effective waste disposal system, involving monitored waste collection, is considered crucial for maintaining environmental quality and extending landfill usage.

The Impact of Osteoarthritis on the Quality of Life of the Patient in the Kingdom of Bahrain

Osteoarthritis (OA) is a leading cause of disability and a decline in health-related quality of life (HRQoL). Healthcare professionals should prioritize the optimal measurement of HRQoL in patients with OA. To examine and assess the influence of Osteoarthritis on patients' quality of life in the Kingdom of Bahrain. In this cross-sectional study, a cohort of 149 individuals diagnosed with Osteoarthritis was included. Data related to QoL was collected by using Mini-Osteoarthritis Knee and Hip Quality of Life (Mini-OAKHQOL) and Western Ontario &McMaster Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC). The Spearman rank correlation test was used to assess the correlation between assessments on different instruments used in osteoarthritis patients. The study involved participants with a mean age of 56.7 ± 11.7 years. Most of the patients experienced extreme pain during prostrating in prayer time (45.6%), sitting (32.2%), and while doing heavy domestic duties (30.9%). The Cronbach alpha coefficients for Mini-OAKHQOL and WOMAC ranged from 0.83 to 0.89 and 0.85 to 0.96 respectively. Only a few demographic factors significantly and positively correlated with Mini-OAKHQoL. This study concludes that OA has a substantial impact on HRQoL. This study can benefit healthcare professionals and policymakers to develop specific interventions and public health initiatives to address the multifaceted nature of osteoarthritis and improve the lives of those affected.

CORRELATION OF SLEEP QUALITY ON NUTRITIONAL STATUS AND THE INCIDENT OF ANEMIA IN STUDENTS AT MTS AL-MUKHSIN

Anemia is a condition where the hemoglobin value is <12 g/dL and often occurs in adolescent girls due to many factors such as lack of nutritional intake which can also affect the nutritional status of adolescents. The purpose of this study was to analyze the relationship between sleep quality, protein intake, vitamin C and iron to nutritional status and the incidence of anemia in female students at MTs Al-Mukhsin. The study was conducted at MTs Al-Mukhsin in July 2023 with a sample size of 55 subjects from classes VIII and IX using simple random sampling technique through a cross sectional approach and analyzed using the Spearman rank correlation test. Based on descriptive analysis 54,5% had good nutritional status, 67,3% of subjects had poor sleep quality, 45,5% had anemiat. The results of Spearman rank correlation analysis between sleep quality and nutritional status showed no relationship (p = 0,143). The results of the analysis of sleep quality with the incidence of anemia showed no relationship (p = 0,215). The conclusion of this study is that there is no significant relationship between sleep quality and nutritional status and the incidence of anemia in female students at MTs Al-Mukhsin.

Intervensi Keperawatan Coaching Support pada keluarga terhadap upaya pemenuhan nutrisi Balita Stunting di desa Klungkung Sukorambi Jember

Background and Aim: The state of malnutrition or chronic malnutrition that occurs in toddlers aged between 0-60 months, characterized by short stature and delays in growth and development is called stunting. The reported stunting rate is generally global, not differentiated by age range, so the exact number for each of these age ranges cannot be known. However, the average cases discussed were cases in groups of children or toddlers that received less attention. This condition causes toddlers to be very vulnerable to stunting. Toddlers who have experienced stunting are of particular concern, especially in fulfilling their nutrition. The family Coaching Support nursing intervention program is very important to increase the nutritional adequacy of these toddlers Methods: The research design uses a correlational design through a cross sectional model. The population used by the researchers was 64 children with a sample of 52 children using a proportional stratified random sampling technique. Bivariate analysis using the Spearman Rank correlation test. Results: The results of the study obtained a p value of 0.0005 <α 0.05 with a correlation of 0.3244 which means that the study has a moderate relationship between the coaching support nursing intervention model and the fulfillment of nutritional needs in children. Conclusion: The role of nurses, especially in community and family nursing, can be as a counselor assistant and as an educator related to understanding the form of family coaching support to preventing stunting or malnutrition in children according to family expectations in achieving the appropriate stages of child and family development
 
 Keywords ; nursing intervention, Coaching support, family, toddlers
 
 

The Relationship Between Body Mass Index and Hamstring Muscle Flexibility of Japanan Club Taekwondo Athletes

An essensial for taekwondo athletes’ performance is flexibility. A nice example of hamstring flexibility is the action of kicking over the head. However, the body’s fat content can restrict this flexibility by limiting the joints’ range of motion. Taekwondo practitioners therefore need to demonstrate their flexibility and body mass index well. This study sought to ascertain how taekwondo athletes’ body mass index and hamstring muscle flexibility related to each other. This study design employs a correlation design in non-experimental quantitave research. The Active Knee Extension Test is used to measure hamstring flexibility, and weight scales and meters are used to calculate body mass index. Result: The Rank Spearman correlation test returned a value of p= 0,869 (p>0,05), indicating that there is no meaningful relationship between hamstring flexibility and body mass index in taekwondo practitioners. Conclusion : Among taekwondo athletes, there is no discernible correlation between hamstring flexibility and body mass index.

Self-reported visual symptoms and high visual demand activities in professional football players: a cross-sectional survey.

Vision is crucial for football players, impacting decision-making and athletic performance. Despite its global popularity, football lacks comprehensive evaluations of the impact of digital device use on ocular symptoms during high-demand activities. To gain knowledge about the time spent by football players in high visual demand activities, the symptoms associated with binocular vision dysfunction, and their relationship with sports performance. A cross-sectional observational study was conducted in 2020 using an online survey targeting football players from Portugal, England, Spain, and Saudi Arabia. The survey, distributed over 5 weeks, aimed to collect data from approximately 5,000 football players. Information on player profiles, competitive levels, vision habits, and symptoms related to binocular vision dysfunctions was collected. The Convergence Insufficiency Symptom Survey (CISS) employed a 5-point Likert scale to indicate the average frequency of each symptom. Due to non-normality, non-parametric tests were used (p < 0.05). Specifically, Mann-Whitney U, Kruskal-Wallis, Chi-square, and Spearman's rank correlation tests were used as appropriate. Analyzing male professional football players (mean age: 27.4 ± 5.0 years, 95% CI, 26.7-28.1), it was found that 38.1% of the players had been called up to the national team and 6.9% had played over 50 games. Self-rated last season's performance had a mean score of 6.5 ± 2.1 (95% CI, 6.2-6.8)(on a scale of 1 to 10). Smartphone use exceeded 1 h daily for all players, with 36.0% surpassing 4 h. Visual symptoms, notably associated with smartphone use (35.5%), were observed. Regarding the CISS score, the mean was 7.1 ± 7.7 (IC95%: 6.6 to 8.8). A weak negative correlation (rho = -0.215, p = 0.003) emerged between CISS scores and self-perceived sports performance. Football players using prescription lenses had significantly higher CISS scores (11.9 ± 10.4, 95% CI, 12.3-7.7) compared to non-users (6.2 ± 6.8, 95% CI, 7.8-5.7) (p < 0.001). This study reveals that professional football players engage in high visual demand tasks, notably on smartphones. One-third of the players link smartphone use to ocular symptoms. The Convergence Insufficiency Symptoms Survey indicates that 6.3% exhibit binocular vision dysfunction symptoms. Those with fewer ocular symptoms perceive that they have better sports performance than their counterparts.

HUBUNGAN LAMA PEMBERIAN ASI DENGAN STATUS GIZI BAYI

Background: Malnutrition early in life can result in growth failure. Several efforts to improve malnutrition include giving only breast milk to babies from birth to 6 months of age. Most babies who receive exclusive breast milk have good nutritional status compared to babies who do not receive exclusive breast milk. Research Objective: To determine the relationship between the duration of breastfeeding and the nutritional status of 6 month old babies in the Karanganom Klaten Community Health Center working area. Methods: Quantitative research type with an analytical observational design with a cross sectional design. Samples were taken using purposive sampling as many as 52 babies aged 6 months. Data analysis using the Spearman rank correlation test at a significance level of 0.05. Results: The duration of breastfeeding alone for babies up to 6 months of age is presented in table 4.1. while the nutritional status of babies up to 6 months of age is in table 4.2. The relationship between the duration of breastfeeding and the nutritional status of babies aged 6 months with a correlation of 0.797, p value 0.000. Conclusion: There is a significant relationship between the duration of breastfeeding with the nutritional status of 6 month old babies in the Karanganom Klaten Community Health Center working area.

Nutritional Status and Lifestyle Factors Contributing to the Regulation of Reproductive Quality in Adolescent Females

Introduction : Many health problems of adolescents cause a decline in their quality of life, including reproductive-related problems such as anemia, malnutrition, and obesity. Chronic nutritional dysfunction among adolescents has raised concerns since it may lead to stunting. Objective :This study examines the correlation between nutritional status and lifestyle (including habitual patterns of diet, exercises, and use of insecticides or mosquito repellent, consumption of Fe tablets and folic acid) and reproduction quality (including ages, menarche, menstrual cycle, PMS score, and length and length and severity of dysmenorrhea). Method : We used an analytic survey method with a cross-sectional study design. The population was young women aged 16-24 years, with a total of 80 people. Result : Data were not normally distributed or homogeneous; we used a non-parametric approach with the Spearman correlation test α = 0.05. The chi-square test resulted in a Sig value of 0.292 &gt; 0.05, and the Spearman Rank correlation test results in Sig. (2-tailed) of 0.152 or a Sig (2-tailed) value of 0.152 &gt; 0.05. Conclusion : The results indicate that the reproductive quality of adolescents is multifactorial. The nutritional status and lifestyle of adolescents are only part of the factors determining the optimization of reproductive function.

The Relationship Between Body Mass Index, Percent Body Fat, And Belly Fat With U20 Futsal Athlete Fitness

This study aims to determine the relationship between body mass index, body fat, and physical fitness of U20 futsal players at the Futsal Student Activity Unit (UKM) University of Indonesia and Pivot FC Club. The data collection technique was carried out by measuring the futsal team of the University of Indonesia and Pivot FC with Purposive Sampling totaling 32 people. Aerobic capacity values are taken through a bleep test. The values of body mass index, body fat, and visceral fat are taken through the BIA (Bioelectric Impedance Analysis) method The data obtained is then processed and analyzed using SPSS. The results of the analysis using SPSS obtained an average VO2Max value of 36.64 / kg/minute while the average body mass index, body fat, and visceral fat respectively were 21.2, 14.2%, and 4.81. The results of the Spearman Rank correlation test (1) there is a correlation between body mass index and physical fitness of r = -0.471 and the significance of P-Value = 0.007 (2) there is a correlation between body fat and physical fitness of r = -391 and the significance of P-Value = 0.027 (3) there is a correlation between visceral fat and physical fitness of r = -409 and the significance of P-Value 0.020. The results of the analysis through UI showed that there was an inverse relationship with the value of body mass

The Relationship of Common Cold Knowledge Level and Self-Medication Behavior in Non-Faculty of Health Students at Yogyakarta Muhammadiyah University

The results of the National Health Survey in 2016 showed that 72.44% of the people carried out self-medicationtreatment and data from the Health Profile of the Bantul District Health Office in 2019. Acute nasopharyngitis(Common cold) was included in the top ten diseases with 84,142 patients. Self-medication behavior must befollowed with high knowledge in order for treatment to be appropriate and rational. This study aims to determinetherelation between the level of common cold knowledge and common cold self-medication behavior innon-healthfaculty students at the University of Muhammadiyah Yogyakarta. This was an observational study withacross-sectional research design using descriptive analysis. The sampling technique used was the probabilitysamplingtechnique with systematic random sampling. In this study, 400 respondents who were non-medical students at theUniversity of Muhammadiyah Yogyakarta were included in the study. The instruments used in this studywereacommon cold knowledge level questionnaire and a common cold self-medication behavior questionnaire. Thedatawere analyzed using the spearman rank correlation test. The results of this study showed that the level of knowledgeof respondents regarding common cold self-medication was known, namely 84.5% of respondents were includedinthe category of high knowledge, 15.5% of the category of fair knowledge. For common cold self-medicationbehavior, 82.3% were found to be in the high behavior category, 12.5% in the fair behavior category, and5.4%inthe poor behavior category. The results of the correlation test between the level of knowledge and self-medicationbehavior produced a significant correlation value (p-value 0.005) with a correlation coefficient of 0.141. Basedonthe results of the study, it can be concluded that there is a relation between the level of common cold knowledgeandthe behavior of common cold self-medication in non-medical faculty students at the University of MuhammadiyahYogyakarta.

Hubungan antara Kesadaran Orang Tua Tentang Perkembangan Bahasa Dengan Kemampuan Bahasa Ekspresif Pada Anak Usia Prasekolah di KB-TK Aisyiyah Al-Amin Surakarta

Abstract Background: The development of language skills in children is divided into 2, one of which is expressive language skills. An expansive language ability is a person's ability to convey messages verbally or in writing. The development of children can be influenced due to the awareness of the closest people, especially parents. But in reality, there are still many parents who do not have awareness of their role in stimulating children's language from an early age. Awareness consists of 5 aspects including AWAREness namely, Attention, Wakefulness, Architecture, Recall of Knowledge and Emotive. Purpose: The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between parents' awareness about language development and expressive language skills in preschool-age children in KB-TK Aisyiyah Al-Amin Surakarta. Methods: This research is a quantitative study using a Cross Sectional research design. The sample used was 30 respondents based on the general benchmark of "role of thumb". The sampling technique uses purposive sampling technique. The statistical test used is the Spearman Rank correlation test. Results: Parents' awareness of language development was in the good category of 15 parents (50.0%). Enough for 10 parents (33.3%), and less for 5 parents (16.7%). Expressive language skills in the above category averaged 12 respondents (40.0%), in the average category there were 13 respondents (43.3%) while the remaining 5 respondents (10.0%) were in the below average category. The results of the bivariate analysis obtained that the p value was 0.001 which indicated that the p value was 0.001 &lt;0.05 and the correlation coefficient (r) was 0.560. Conclusion: Parents' awareness of language development is related to expressive language skills in preschool-age children in Aisyiyah Al-Amin Surakarta Kindergarten with moderate correlation strength. Keywords: Parental awareness, expressive language skills, age preschool.

Early Diagnosis of High-Risk Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Based on Quantitative High-Resolution Computed Tomography Measurements.

Quantitative computed tomography (QCT) techniques, focusing on airway anatomy and emphysema, may help to detect early structural changes of COPD disease. This retrospective study aims to identify high-risk COPD participants by using QCT measurements. We enrolled 140 participants from the Second Affiliated Hospital of Shenyang Medical College who completed inspiratory high-resolution CT scans, pulmonary function tests (PFTs), and clinical characteristics recorded. They were diagnosed Non-COPD by PFT value of FEV1/FVC >70% and divided into two groups according percentage predicted FEV1 (FEV1%), low-risk COPD group: FEV1% ≥ 95%, high-risk group: 80% < FEV1% < 95%. The QCT measurements were analyzed by the Student's t-test (or Mann-Whitney U-test) method. Then, feature candidates were identified using the LASSO method. Meanwhile, the correlation between QCT measurements and PFTs was assessed by the Spearman rank correlation test. Furthermore, support vector machine (SVM) was performed to identify high-risk COPD participants. The performance of the models was evaluated in terms of accuracy (ACC), sensitivity (SEN), specificity (SPE), F1-score, and area under the ROC curve (AUC), with p <0.05 considered statistically significant. The SVM based on QCT measurements achieved good performance in identifying high-risk COPD patients with 85.71% of ACC, 88.34% of SEN, 84.00% of SPE, 83.33% of F1-score, and 0.93 of AUC. Further, QCT measurements integration of clinical data improved the performance with an ACC of 90.48%. The emphysema index (%LAA-950) of left lower lung was negatively correlated with PFTs (P < 0.001). The airway anatomy indexes of lumen diameter (LD) were correlated with PFTs. QCT measurements combined with clinical information could provide an effective tool for an early diagnosis of high-risk COPD. The QCT indexes can be used to assess the pulmonary function status of high-risk COPD.

Predicting Pain Intensity after Mandibular Third Molar Surgery using Cold Pressor Testing: A Quasi-Experimental Study.

Patients complain differently about their experiences of post-operative pain. However, clinicians are often guided by their own viewpoints despite the highly subjective nature of pain resulting in suboptimal post-operative pain management. This impacts negatively on the quality of life of patients in the immediate post-operative period. Investigating patients' pain behavior in the pre-operative period may therefore help to predict the intensity of post-operative pain, thereby assisting in identifying patients who are at risk of greater pain after third molar surgery, and allocating extra resources for pain control. This study aims to predict the intensity of pain after third molar surgery by correlating post-operative pain perception with the sensory-discriminative dimension and affective response to a cold pressor stimulus. This study is a quasi-experimental study that was conducted in the oral surgery clinic of (name of hospital in the title page). The procedure was undertaken in an isolated clinic cubicle with well-controlled room temperature and minimal distraction. Study participants were recruited by convenience sampling. Forty-three consenting participants, 20 years and above, who met eligibility criteria were subjected to pre-operative cold pressor testing. Subsequently, third molar surgery was done and post-operative pain intensity was recorded at specific intervals. Data analyses were completed using IBM SPSS version 25. The Kolmogorov-Smirnov (KS) test was used to test for normality of continuous variables. Ordinal regression was used to test for contributory value of pre-operative measurement while Spearman's rank correlation test was used to test their degree of relationships with post-operative pain P < 0.05. The median pain threshold was 20 s (Interquartile Range, IQR 12.75-32.25) and the median pain tolerance was 33 s (IQR = 23.00-54.00) from the cold pressor test. The peak median pain score in this study was reached at 3-h after the last stitch. There was a statistically significant predictive effect of both variables on post-operative pain at 3-h. Sensory-discriminative dimension and affective response to cold pressor test are significant predictors of peak post-operative pain after impacted mandibular third molar surgery.

Study of The Feasibility of Minimarkets in Pontianak Cities Based on the Microbiological Quality of Air In Relation to the Physical Condition of the Room

Indoor air quality affects human health and productivity. The presence of microorganisms in indoor air is influenced by physical parameters of the space, activities within the space, building factors, ventilation systems, and human maintenance and care. This study aims to assess air quality and analyze the difference in the number of bacteria between minimarkets and the relationship test with their influencing factors. The study used a cross sectional method with 4 minimarket samples, 2 AC and 2 non-AC. Airborne bacterial colony counts were measured using a passive method with blood agar media, a contact time of 15 minutes, and 3 days of repetition. The average value of airborne bacterial colony counts in non-air-conditioned minimarkets (294.3 CFU/) was lower than in air-conditioned minimarkets (531.8 CFU/). The Rank Spearman correlation test results indicated that there was no significant relationship between airborne bacterial colony counts and temperature (p=0.498), humidity (p=0.089), light intensity (p=0.948), and visitor count (p=0.481). All studied minimarkets met the microbiological air quality, population density, and air circulation standards, but not all met the standards for room temperature, humidity, and light intensity based on the quality standards of the Indonesian Ministry of Health Number 1405/MENKES/SK/XI/2002.