Spearman Method Research Articles

Effects of wine processed Polygonatum polysaccharides on immunomodulatory effects and intestinal microecology in mice

Polygonatum sibiricum is a traditional Chinese medicinal and food homologous substance, usually used after processing with yellow wine. However, its main active ingredient, polysaccharide, has been less studied after wine processing. This study aimed to investigate the effect of Polygonatum polysaccharides after wine processing on the function of immunosuppressed mice and its related mechanisms. The yellow wine processed Polygonatum (YWPP) polysaccharides were extracted by the water extraction alcohol precipitation method. BALB/c mice were used to establish the immunosuppressive animal model with cyclophosphamide (CTX). The immunomodulatory effect of the YWPP polysaccharides Interleukin 2, interferon γ, immunoglobulin A, Immunoglobulin M, T lymphocyte subsets, and other indexes were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, flow cytometry, and other technologies. To study the mechanism of immunomodulation of polysaccharides, 16s rDNA sequencing and Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry (GC/MS) were used to analyze the changes of intestinal microbiota composition, diversity, and the content of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs). The Spearman method was used to analyze the correlation between gut microbiota and various immune indexes and SCFAs. The results showed that the YWPP polysaccharides could significantly restore the body weight of immunosuppressed mice, improve the spleen and thymus, and regulate peripheral blood cell values. The YWPP polysaccharides can also effectively promote Interleukin 2, interferon γ, immunoglobulin A, and immunoglobulin M in immunosuppressed mice and regulate the expression of immune-related indexes. The YWPP polysaccharides promoted the production of SCFAs, significantly regulated the relative abundance of norank_f__norank_o__RF39, Rikenellaceae_RC9_gut_group, norank_f__ UCG-010, and norank_f__norank_o__Clostridia_UCG-014; reversed CTX-induced metabolic abnormalities of mouse gut microbiota; and normalized them. Spearman correlation analysis showed that the relative abundance of gut microbiota was significantly correlated with various immune indices and SCFAs. In conclusion, the YWPP polysaccharides can improve the immune function of CTX-induced immunocompromised mice, promote cytokine upregulation and the relative abundance of immune-related beneficial bacteria in mice, and regulate the gut microbiota, thereby regulating host immunity. The results of this study will provide a theoretical basis for the practical application of the YWPP polysaccharides, health product development, and diversified product development.

Evaluation of the selenium deficiency impact on metabolic parameters of people of working age

Background. Among the population living in Russia, the frequency of selenium deficiency in the body is more than 80%. An unbalanced diet in terms of the level of selenium supply to the body leads to metabolic disorders among the adult population.
 Aim. Study of the relationship between the insufficient level of selenium supply of the body in different periods of the year and changes in body composition, basal metabolism among the adult population aged 2550 years.
 Material and methods. In the autumn, winter and spring periods, the adult population aged 2550 years, living in the Leninogorsk district of the Republic of Tatarstan, of the 1st group of physical activity (n=143, of which 47% were men) was examined. The body composition was assessed using the ABC-01 Medass analyzer for bioimpedansometry. The content of selenium in the hair was studied using an atomic emission spectrometer. An assessment of the obesity and overweight prevalence in the adult population with selenium content below the reference values and the boundaries of the 95% confidence interval was made. Laboratory studies of dishes and foodstuffs for selenium content were carried out using an atomic absorption spectrometer. To assess the actual consumption of food products and dishes, the method of 24-hour (daily) reproduction of nutrition by questioning respondents on a 14-day menu was used. Statistical processing of the studied indicators was performed by the Spearman correlation method, mathematical and centile methods.
 Results. In bioassays with a low level of selenium in the hair (25 centile interval), the largest proportion of subjects with selenium deficiency was noted in autumn in more than 60% of cases, both among men with a 95% confidence interval Z-score=248, and among women with 95% confidence interval Z-score=240, while in spring only 18% and 42% at 95% confidence interval Z-score=72 and 168, respectively. When studying the relationship of selenium content in hair with morphofunctional indicators, significant correlations were found using the Spearman method with body mass index (RNovember=0.389), active cell mass (RFebruary=0.260; RMay=0.318), and basal metabolism (RMay=0.313; RNovember=0.294). Analysis of diets revealed a lack of selenium content in food products and ready-made meals in the autumn-winter period in both men (4046%, n=67) and women (5461%, n=76), in spring-summer period in 35 and 42% of cases, respectively. The lower the level of selenium in the hair (in the body), the higher the body mass index, the lower the active cell mass and the basal metabolism. There is no correlation with fat and skeletal muscle mass. The basic exchange is reduced at an insufficient of selenium supply in the body.
 Conclusion. The results indicate an insufficient intake of selenium in the body with a daily diet and the relationship of body mass index, basal metabolism with an insufficient level of selenium in the body.

Axial rotation and pain are associated with facet joint osteoarthritis in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis

Facet joints are crucial for spinal stability and develop premature osteoarthritis in patients with adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS). Here, we evaluated the association between facet joint cartilage and subchondral bone homeostasis, perceived back pain and 3-dimensional spinal deformity to understand better the role of facet joint degeneration in AIS progression and pain. Cartilage and bone osteoarthritic states of AIS facet joint surgical samples were characterized using histological OARSI scoring, visual morphological grading and μCT analysis, respectively. Back pain was self-reported using a numerical rating scale and expressed relative to the location on the patient's back. The scoliotic curves from our patient cohort were digitally reconstructed using biplanar radiographs and the eOS system (EOS imaging). The deformity was then reduced to three intervertebral angles (coronal, sagittal and axial) for each pair of bilateral facet joints. Statistical associations between the intervertebral angles, osteoarthritis parameters and pain intensity were performed using the Spearman method and Friedman test. Facet joint cartilage degeneration was associated with decreased subchondral bone volume and quality. Most importantly, asymmetrical, and overall degeneration of facet joints was strongly correlated to intervertebral axial rotation. Additionally, kyphotic intervertebral segments in the sagittal plane were good predictors of increased facet joint degeneration and back pain. Facet joint degeneration is associated with axial deformity, kyphotic intervertebral angle and back pain intensity in AIS. These results suggest that facet joints are important features to consider for rotational instability in AIS spines and related disease progression and perceived back pain.

Intrathecal versus Peripheral Inflammatory Protein Profile in MS Patients at Diagnosis: A Comprehensive Investigation on Serum and CSF.

Intrathecal inflammation plays a key role in the pathogenesis of multiple sclerosis (MS). To better elucidate its relationship with peripheral inflammation, we investigated the correlation between cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and serum levels of 61 inflammatory proteins. Paired CSF and serum samples were collected from 143 treatment-naïve MS patients at diagnosis. A customized panel of 61 inflammatory molecules was analyzed by a multiplex immunoassay. Correlations between serum and CSF expression levels for each molecule were performed by Spearman's method. The expression of sixteen CSF proteins correlated with their serum expression (p-value < 0.001): only five molecules (CXCL9, sTNFR2, IFNα2, Pentraxin-3, and TSLP) showed a Rho value >0.40, suggesting moderate CSF/serum correlation. No correlation between inflammatory serum patterns and Qalb was observed. Correlation analysis of serum expression levels of these sixteen proteins with clinical and MRI parameters pinpointed a subset of five molecules (CXCL9, sTNFR2, IFNα2, IFNβ, and TSLP) negatively correlating with spinal cord lesion volume. However, following FDR correction, only the correlation of CXCL9 remained significant. Our data support the hypothesis that the intrathecal inflammation in MS only partially associates with the peripheral one, except for the expression of some immunomodulators that might have a key role in the initial MS immune response.

The Value of the Monocyte to High-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol Ratio in Assessing the Severity of Knee Osteoarthritis: A Retrospective Single Center Cohort Study.

Inflammatory responses and metabolic abnormalities play essential roles in the pathophysiology of osteoarthritis (OA). Our study aimed to evaluate the association between monocyte-to-high density lipoprotein-cholesterol ratio (MHR) and OA and compared it with other systemic inflammatory markers. This study recruited 323 OA cases and age- and sex-matched 283 control participants during the same period. Demographic, clinical, and imaging data and laboratory indicators were obtained from participants' records. Systemic inflammatory markers were calculated for both cohorts. The diagnostic effectiveness of each index for distinguishing patients with OA was analyzed using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves. Spearman's method and ordered logistic regression were used to analyze the association between each indicator and Kellgren and Lawrence (KL) grade. MHR was significantly higher (0.38±0.18 vs 0.25±0.07, p < 0.0001) in OA patients than healthy controls. MHR had the largest area under the ROC curve for predicting OA. Analysis of ordered logistic regression indicated that MHR was a risk factor for OA radiological severity. Spearman correlation analysis indicated that MHR significantly correlates with the KL grade. Moreover, MHR was significantly higher in early stage patients than in healthy controls. These results suggest that an elevated MHR could reflect knee OA severity and might be a useful marker for diagnosis and monitoring of OA.

Identification of key genes related to immune infiltration in cirrhosis via bioinformatics analysis

Cirrhosis is the most common subclass of liver disease worldwide and correlated to immune infiltration. However, the immune-related molecular mechanism underlying cirrhosis remains obscure. Two gene expression profiles GSE89377 and GSE139602 were investigated to identify differentially expressed genes (DEGs) related to cirrhosis. Enrichment analysis for DEGs was conducted. Next, the immune infiltration of DEGs was evaluated using CIBERSORT algorithm. The hub DEGs with tight connectivity were identified using the String and Cytoscape databases, and the expression difference of these hub genes between normal liver and cirrhosis samples was determined. Moreover, in order to evaluate the discriminatory ability of hub genes and obtained the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve values in the GSE89377 and GSE139602 datasets. Finally, the association between hub DEGs and immune cell infiltration was explored by Spearman method. Among the 299 DEGs attained, 136 were up-regulated and 163 were down-regulated. Then the enrichment function analysis of DEGs and CIBERSORT algorithm showed significant enrichment in immune and inflammatory responses. And four hub DEGs (ACTB, TAGLN, VIM, SOX9) were identified, which also showed a diagnostic value in the GSE89377 and GSE 139,602 datasets. Finally, the immune infiltration analysis indicated that, these hub DEGs were highly related to immune cells. This study revealed key DEGs involved in inflammatory immune responses of cirrhosis, which could be used as biomarkers for diagnosis or therapeutic targets of cirrhosis.

Role of mitochondrial metabolic disorder and immune infiltration in diabetic cardiomyopathy: new insights from bioinformatics analysis

BackgroundDiabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM) is one of the common cardiovascular complications of diabetes and a leading cause of death in diabetic patients. Mitochondrial metabolism and immune-inflammation are key for DCM pathogenesis, but their crosstalk in DCM remains an open issue. This study explored the separate roles of mitochondrial metabolism and immune microenvironment and their crosstalk in DCM with bioinformatics.MethodsDCM chip data (GSE4745, GSE5606, and GSE6880) were obtained from NCBI GEO, while mitochondrial gene data were downloaded from MitoCarta3.0 database. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were screened by GEO2R and processed for GSEA, GO and KEGG pathway analyses. Mitochondria-related DEGs (MitoDEGs) were obtained. A PPI network was constructed, and the hub MitoDEGs closely linked to DCM or heart failure were identified with CytoHubba, MCODE and CTD scores. Transcription factors and target miRNAs of the hub MitoDEGs were predicted with Cytoscape and miRWalk database, respectively, and a regulatory network was established. The immune infiltration pattern in DCM was analyzed with ImmuCellAI, while the relationship between MitoDEGs and immune infiltration abundance was investigated using Spearman method. A rat model of DCM was established to validate the expression of hub MitoDEGs and their relationship with cardiac function.ResultsMitoDEGs in DCM were significantly enriched in pathways involved in mitochondrial metabolism, immunoregulation, and collagen synthesis. Nine hub MitoDEGs closely linked to DCM or heart failure were obtained. Immune analysis revealed significantly increased infiltration of B cells while decreased infiltration of DCs in immune microenvironment of DCM. Spearman analysis demonstrated that the hub MitoDEGs were positively associated with the infiltration of pro-inflammatory immune cells, but negatively associated with the infiltration of anti-inflammatory or regulatory immune cells. In the animal experiment, 4 hub MitoDEGs (Pdk4, Hmgcs2, Decr1, and Ivd) showed an expression trend consistent with bioinformatics analysis result. Additionally, the up-regulation of Pdk4, Hmgcs2, Decr1 and the down-regulation of Ivd were distinctly linked to reduced cardiac function.ConclusionsThis study unraveled the interaction between mitochondrial metabolism and immune microenvironment in DCM, providing new insights into the research on potential pathogenesis of DCM and the exploration of novel targets for medical interventions.

Real-world impact of initial treatment modality on survival outcomes in patients with stage I-III pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma.

684 Background: Management of non-metastatic pancreas cancer has been extensively studied in clinical trials over the past two decades, with a growing body of non-randomized data supporting the use of neoadjuvant chemotherapy in combination with surgery. Guidelines now recommend use of this treatment paradigm, but real-world follow-up is critical in understanding how these recommendations are translated into the clinic. Using real-world data, we aimed to evaluate the treatment modalities and subsequent survival outcomes for patients diagnosed with pancreatic adenocarcinoma within the MHealth/Fairview medical system. Methods: We identified 844 patients diagnosed with stage I-III pancreatic adenocarcinoma within the MHealth/Fairview system (Minneapolis, MN) from 2001-2021 with EHR data enriched by cancer registry abstracted data. Diagnoses were confirmed with ICD-10 coding and clinical staging. Patients were stratified by initial treatment with either surgery (N = 345) or neoadjuvant-intent chemotherapy (n = 499). Correlation between initial treatment modality, demographic identifiers, and time to treatment was calculated using both Pearson and Spearman method. Effect of initial treatment modality on overall survival was calculated using a Cox proportional Hazard (CPH) model controlling for age, sex, clinical stage, and time to treatment initiation (TTI). A sub-analysis with race was performed on samples where these data were available. Results: Relative to neoadjuvant chemotherapy, up-front surgery was associated with a significantly improved overall survival (Hazard Ratio (HR) 0.55 95% Confidence Interval (CI): 0.37 – 0.76; p &lt; 0.001), when controlling for age, sex, clinical stage, and TTI. Surgical patients also had shorter mean TTI values (21 days; p &lt; 0.001) relative to chemotherapy (28 days), and a slightly younger patient population (mean age 63, vs 66 for chemotherapy, p = &lt; 0.001; rho = -0.14). We observed no significant correlation between age (p = 0.027) or TTI (p = 0.12) and survival within this population. We noted no significant correlation between race, sex, or clinical stage and initial treatment modality or overall survival. Conclusions: We observed that MHealth/Fairview system patients who received upfront surgery for stage I-III pancreas cancers demonstrated improved overall survival relative to other treatment modalities, even after controlling for the differences in age and TTI found between these patients and those who undergo initial chemotherapy. This is likely due to a multitude of factors not readily captured within this data set, including surgical patient selection and tumor biology. Further work is needed to understand why these findings diverge from study norms, and to optimize care for all patients with pancreatic adenocarcinoma.

Identifying Biomarkers Using Support Vector Machine to Understand the Racial Disparity in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer.

With the properties of aggressive cancer and heterogeneous tumor biology, triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is a type of breast cancer known for its poor clinical outcome. The lack of estrogen, progesterone, and human epidermal growth factor receptor in the tumors of TNBC leads to fewer treatment options in clinics. The incidence of TNBC is higher in African American (AA) women compared with European American (EA) women with worse clinical outcomes. The significant factors responsible for the racial disparity in TNBC are socioeconomic lifestyle and tumor biology. The current study considered the open-source gene expression data of triple-negative breast cancer samples' racial information. We implemented a state-of-the-art classification Support Vector Machine (SVM) method with a recurrent feature elimination approach to the gene expression data to identify significant biomarkers deregulated in AA women and EA women. We also included Spearman's rho and Ward's linkage method in our feature selection workflow. Our proposed method generates 24 features/genes that can classify the AA and EA samples 98% accurately. We also performed the Kaplan-Meier analysis and log-rank test on the 24 features/genes. We only discussed the correlation between deregulated expression and cancer progression with a poor survival rate of 2 genes, KLK10 and LRRC37A2, out of 24 genes. We believe that further improvement of our method with a higher number of RNA-seq gene expression data will more accurately provide insight into racial disparity in TNBC.

Translation of the Fugl-Meyer assessment into Romanian: Transcultural and semantic-linguistic adaptations and clinical validation.

The Fugl-Meyer Assessment (FMA) scale, which is widely used and highly recommended, is an appropriate tool for evaluating poststroke sensorimotor and other possible somatic deficits. It is also well-suited for capturing a dynamic rehabilitation process. The aim of this study was to first translate the entire sensorimotor FMA scale into Romanian using the transcultural and semantic-linguistic adaptations of its official afferent protocols and to then validate it using the preliminary clinical evaluation of inter- and intra-rater reliability and relevant concurrent validity. Through three main steps, we completed a standardized procedure for translating FMA's official afferent evaluation protocols into Romanian and their transcultural and semantic-linguistic adaptation for both the upper and lower extremities. For relevant clinical validation, we evaluated 10 patients after a stroke two times: on days 1 and 2. All patients were evaluated simultaneously by two kinesi-physiotherapists (generically referred to as KFT1 and KFT2) over the course of 2 consecutive days, taking turns in the roles of an examiner and observer, and vice versa (inter-rater). Two scores were therefore obtained and compared for the same patient, i.e., being afferent to an inter-rater assay by comparing the assessment outcomes obtained by the two kinesi-physiotherapists, in between, and respectively, to the intra-rater assay: based on the evaluations of the same kinesi-physiotherapist, in two consecutive days, using a rank-based method (Svensson) for statistical analysis. We also compared our final Romanian version of FMA's official protocols for concurrent validity (Spearman's rank correlation statistical method) to both of the widely available assessment instruments: the Barthel Index (BI) and the modified Rankin scale (mRS). Svensson's method confirmed overall good inter- and intra-rater results for the main parts of the final Romanian version of FMA's evaluation protocols, regarding the percentage of agreement (≥80% on average) and for disagreement: relative position [RP; values outside the interval of (-0.1, 0.1) in only two measurements out of the 56 comparisons we did], relative concentration [RC; values outside the interval of (-0.1, 0.1) in only nine measurements out of the same 56 comparisons done], and relative rank variation [RV; all values within an interval of (0, 0.1) in only five measurements out of the 56 comparisons done]. High correlation values were obtained between the final Romanian version of FMA's evaluation protocols and the BI (ρ = 0.9167; p = 0.0002) for FMA-upper extremity (FMA-UE) total A-D (motor function) with ρ = 0.6319 and for FMA-lower extremity (FMA-LE) total E-F (motor function) with p = 0.0499, and close to the limit, with the mRS (ρ = -0.5937; p = 0.0704) for FMA-UE total A-D (motor function) and (ρ = -0.6615; p = 0.0372) for FMA-LE total E-F (motor function). The final Romanian version of FMA's official evaluation protocols showed good preliminary reliability and validity, which could be thus recommended for use and expected to help improve the standardization of this assessment scale for patients after a stroke in Romania. Furthermore, this endeavor could be added to similar international translation and cross-cultural adaptations, thereby facilitating a more appropriate comparison of the evaluation and outcomes in the management of stroke worldwide.

Effect of Uremic Clearance Granules on improvement of chronic kidney disease in rats based on microbiome-metabolomics and its mechanism

This research aimed to study the effect of Uremic Clearance Granules on chronic kidney disease in SD rats by using the methods of microbial functional genomics combined with metabolomics, and to preliminarily explore its mechanism. The SD rat model of chronic kidney disease was established by the adenine-induced method. After the model was successfully induced, the animals were randomly divided into a negative control group, a Uremic Clearance Granule treatment group, and a normal control group, with 8 rats in each group. After 4 weeks of administration, animal feces and serum were collected, and 16S rDNA sequencing technology was used to analyze the abundance, diversity, and function prediction of intestinal microorganisms. Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry(LC-MS) technology was used to perform high-throughput sequencing to detect animal serum metabolites. The MetPA database was used to screen out potential biomarkers of chronic kidney disease in rats and conduct the enrichment analysis of metabolic pathways. Spearman's method was used to analyze the correlation between the two omics. The results showed that Uremic Clearance Granules effectively improved the body weight loss and renal function-related biochemical and appearance indicators in rats with chronic kidney disease. The results of 16S rDNA sequencing showed that Uremic Clearance Granules regulated the diversity and composition of the intestinal flora in rats with chronic kidney disease. The changes in the intestinal flora affected functional metabolic pathways such as amino acid biosynthesis and metabolism, lipid metabolism, and carbohydrate metabolism. The results of LC-MS showed that as compared with the negative control group, 15 metabolites were reversed in the Uremic Clearance Granule treatment group, among which 11 potential marker metabolites were significantly up-regulated and 4 potential marker metabolites were significantly down-regulated. Five amino acid metabolic pathways were mainly involved, which were significantly correlated with changes in the intestinal flora. Therefore, Uremic Clearance Granules can improve the renal function of rats with chronic kidney disease, and the mechanism may be related to its effect on the amino acid metabolism pathway by regulating the intestinal flora.

Influence of Collagen Production, Collagenase Activity and Amino Acids Level on Formation of Fetal Growth Restriction in Women with Placental Insufficiency

Rationale. According to WHO, about 21 million children are born annually in the world with low body weight. Currently, the problems of etiology, diagnosis and treatment of fetal growth retardation (FGR) are very relevant for obstetrics and perinatology. Purpose to study the level of collagen (COL1) collagenase activity (MMP1), and content of proline, ornithine in the maternal blood serum, amniotic fluid, placenta and cord blood of patients with placental insufficiency, and to identify their role in the formation of fetal growth restriction (FGR) during early pregnancy. Methods. 150 women were examined, which made up 2 groups control (with uncomplicated pregnancy, n = 105) and main (with IUGR, n = 45). All measurements were performed in maternal blood serum, amniotic fluid, placenta and cord blood of women of both groups. Collagen content and collagenase activity are determined by ELISA kits, USA. Determination of amino acids (proline, ornithine) was carried out by capillary electrophoresis on the device Capel-105 (St. Petersburg). Results. As a result of the correlation analysis in the study of all biofluids by the Spearman method with the calculation of the rank correlation coefficient (r) in the group of women with FGR, significant correlations between collagen production and collagenase activity were revealed. The most pronounced interdependence (r = 0.85; p 0.05) was found in the maternal blood serum. Conclusions. A relationship was found between the studied parameters (collagen, collagenase, proline, ornithine) in blood serum, amniotic fluid, cord blood and placenta of women with placental insufficiency and their role in the formation of fetal growth retardation was established.

Сервис GitHub как инструмент для формирования компетенций в области программирования

Introduction. The theoretical and practical significance of the research is justified by the need to develop a programming training model aimed at the formation of competencies in the field of programming using relevant didactic and software tools and the possibil-ity of introducing the developed model into the process of training specialists in the field of programming. The purpose of the work: justification of the expediency of using the GitHub service in the study of programming and analysis of the effectiveness of the service in the framework of developing competencies in the field of programming. Ma-terials and methods. The materials for the study included the Federal State Educational Standard of the Specialty 09.02.07 “Information Systems and Programming”, a concep-tual Basic educational program for training middle-level specialists, an analysis of peda-gogical experience in order to identify effective practices for the formation of students' competencies in the field of programming. Results. Considering the identified ad-vantages and disadvantages of the GitHub service, a programming training model was designed using the GitHub Internet service. The effectiveness of the developed pro-gramming learning model using the GitHub service was investigated experimentally. As a result of the experiment, the correlation coefficient of ranks was calculated according to Spearman's method. The resulting correlation coefficient exceeded the critical value for the significance level of 1%. This made it possible to reject the null hypothesis of similarity and confirm that the studied rank indicators are associated with a positive cor-relation. Consequently, the higher the student's result of practical and control work, the higher his/her levels of competence formation in the field of programming. Conclusion. The model of programming training using the GitHub Internet service really contributes to the development of the level of programming competencies of future programmers, therefore, allows them to prepare more fruitfully for their subsequent professional activities.

Peculiarities of relationships between rheoencephalographic and anthropo-metric indicators of mesomorphic volleyball players somatotype

Annotation. For early detection of signs of fatigue and overtraining at high altitude of professional sportsmen, quality is of great practical importance monitoring of the state of the cardiovascular system, in particular indicators of cerebral hemodynamics in combination with individual constitutional features of the body. The purpose of the study was determination of features of relationships between rheoencephalographic indicators and parameters of the external body structure of volleyball players youth of a high level of skill, which belonged to the mesomorphic constitutional type. They conducted a comprehensive study of 70 young men (aged from 17 to 21 years old), who played volleyball for at least 3 years and achieved a high level skill level (small sports categories from the first adult to masters of sports). After somatotyping according to the Heath-Carter (1990) found mesomorphic somatotype in 36 volleyball players. Rheoencephalography was performed on a computer diagnostic complex according to by the method of Ronkin and Ivanov (1997), anthropometry - by the method of V. V. Bunak (1941), correlation analysis - according to Spearman's method. It was established that in cerebral indicators of mesomorphic somatotype volleyball players hemodynamics had individual anthropo-somatotypological parameters reliable relationships, most of which were directly proportional to mean strength. Temporal correlations had the greatest strength and number of statistically significant correlations rheoencephalographic indicators, in particular the time of the ascending part rheoencephalograms. Most often with indicators of cerebral hemodynamics total body dimensions (length and surface area) were reliably correlated bodies, height of anthropometric points, anterior-posterior and transverse diameters body, girth measurements of chest and limb segments, separate craniometric dimensions). The study of correlations is the basis determining the harmony of physical development of athletes and further mathematical modeling to determine individual dues rheoencephalographic indicators.

Prediction of Compressive Strength of Concrete Using the Spearman and PCA-Based BP Neural Network

Using real-time production data of concrete to predict its 28-day compressive strength has great significance for improving the engineering structure quality and overcoming the shortage of the traditional tests long period of concrete compressive strength. The current research has the shortcomings such as insufficient prediction accuracy, inadequate matching between data characteristics and model characteristics, and redundant input parameter information. This paper proposes a BP neural network prediction model optimized by Spearman and PCA. The model first uses Spearman method to reduce the number of the input variables by eliminating variables that have a low correlation with the compressive strength and then uses PCA to eliminate the correlation between material-related variables. Following this, the new uncorrelated input variables optimized by Spearman and PCA are input to the BP neural network-based model to predict the compressive strength of concrete. The results showed that it yielded the mean absolute percentage error (MAPE) of 2.78% and the root mean-squared error (RMSE) of 1.66 MPa, far lower than the error of 4.82% and 2.92 MPa obtained by the nonoptimized BP neural network, respectively. The proposed model fully exploits real-time monitoring data from the concrete mixing station, and its results are close to those of traditional tests. It has great practical significance to guide the concrete production and construction, shorten the production cycle, and reduce the project cost.

Prognostic and immunological role of FCER1G in pan-cancer.

The high-affinity IgE receptor gamma subunit gene (FCER1G) plays a pivotal role in allergic inflammatory signaling, which is closely associated with allergic reactions. Previous studies have shown that FCER1G is an innate immunity gene and is involved in the development of many diseases. However, the role of FCER1G in pan-cancer has not been fully studied. This study aimed to explore the prognostic value of FCER1G in pan-cancer and investigate the relationship between FCER1G expression and immune infiltration. We analyzed FCER1G mRNA expression in the Oncomine, TIMER, and GEPIA databases. We used GEPIA, PrognoScan, and Kaplan-Meier Plotter to analyze the prognostic value of FCER1G. We explored the correlations between FCER1G expression and immune infiltration in TIMER databases. Cytoscape was used to perform pathway enrichment and functional enrichment analyses. Spearman method was used to determine the statistical significance.FCER1G can act as a prognostic marker for pan-cancer, FCER1G expression can affect patients' prognosis and correlate with immune cells infiltration. In kidney renal clear cell carcinoma and thyroid carcinoma, FCER1G is closely associated with different immune cells infiltration states and tumor purity, and immune infiltration can interact with FCER1G-mediated activities both in tumor cells and immune cells. FCER1G can be used to predict the efficacy of immunological checkpoint therapy among these types of tumors patients. Our study also provides an important basis for the clinical use of FCER1G to assess the patient immune status and the selection of individualized immunotherapy options.

Elevated sdLDL level and LDLR rs688 C>T mutation are independent risk factors for ischemic stroke

PurposeTo investigate the level of sdLDL and the frequency of LDLR rs688 polymorphisms, as well as the correspondence between them, and to analyze the risk factors for stroke. MethodsBetween March 2019 and November 2019, 232 patients diagnosed with stroke and 96 health volunteers were enrolled in Quanzhou First Hospital. Subjects were divided into control group, ischemic stroke group (n=120) and hemorrhagic stroke group (n=112). The level of sdLDL and the genotypes and allele frequencies of LDLR rs688 were compared between groups, the correspondence was analyzed with Spearman method. Risk factors were analyzed with Binary logistic regression. ResultsThe level of sdLDL was highest in ischemic group, followed by hemorrhagic stroke group and lowest control group. The differences of genotypes and allele frequencies of LDLR rs688 were significant in ischemic stroke group (p=0.0000 and 0.0000 respectively), while were not significant in hemorrhagic group (p=0.184 and .0137). There was no obvious correlation between the level of sdLDL and LDLR rs688 genotype by Spearman analysis (p=0.116). ConclusionElevated sdLDL level and the C>T mutation of LDLR rs688 are independent risk factors for ischemic stroke, while they are not correlative to hemorrhagic stroke. The surveillance and regulatory of sdLDL level, the detection of LDLR rs688 gene polymorphisms may contribute to the prevention of ischemic stroke.

An Intelligent Algorithm to Predict GDP Rate and Find a Relationship Between COVID-19 Outbreak and Economic Downturn.

With the spread of COVID-19, economic damages are challenging for governments and people’s livelihood besides its dangerous and negative impact on humanity's health, which can be led to death. Various health guidelines have been proposed to tackle the virus outbreak including quarantine, restriction rules to imports, exports, migrations, and tourist arrival that were affected by economic depression. Providing an approach to predict the economic situation has a highlighted role in managing crisis when a country faces a problem such as a disease epidemic. We propose an intelligent algorithm to predict the economic situation that utilizes neural networks (NNs) to satisfy the aim. Our work estimates correlation coefficient based on the spearman method between gross domestic product rate (GDPR) and other economic statistics to find effective parameters on growing up and falling GDPR and also determined the NNs’ inputs. We study the reported economic and disease statistics in Germany, India, Australia, and Thailand countries to evaluate the algorithm’s efficiency in predicting economic situation. The experimental results demonstrate the prediction accuracy of approximately 96% and 89% for one and more months ahead, respectively. Our method can help governments to present efficient policies for preventing economic damages.

A novel prognostic model based on urea cycle-related gene signature for colorectal cancer.

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the second leading cause of cancer-related deaths in the world. This study aimed to develop a urea cycle (UC)-related gene signature that provides a theoretical foundation for the prognosis and treatment of patients with CRC. Differentially expressed UC-related genes in CRC were confirmed using differential analysis and Venn diagrams. Univariate Cox and least absolute shrinkage and selection operator regression analyses were performed to identify UC-related prognostic genes. A UC-related signature was created and confirmed using distinct datasets. Independent prognostic predictors were authenticated using Cox analysis. The Cell-type Identification by Estimating Relative Subsets of RNA Transcripts algorithm and Spearman method were applied to probe the linkage between UC-related prognostic genes and tumor immune-infiltrating cells. The Human Protein Atlas database was used to determine the protein expression levels of prognostic genes in CRC and normal tissues. Verification of the expression levels of UC-related prognostic genes in clinical tissue samples was performed using real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). A total of 49 DEUCRGs in CRC were mined. Eight prognostic genes (TIMP1, FABP4, MMP3, MMP1, CD177, CA2, S100P, and SPP1) were identified to construct a UC-related gene signature. The signature was then affirmed using an external validation set. The risk score was demonstrated to be a credible independent prognostic predictor using Cox regression analysis. Functional enrichment analysis revealed that focal adhesion, ECM-receptor interaction, IL-17 signaling pathway, and nitrogen metabolism were associated with the UC-related gene signature. Immune infiltration and correlation analyses revealed a significant correlation between UC-related prognostic genes and differential immune cells between the two risk subgroups. Finally, the qPCR results of clinical samples further confirmed the results of the public database. Taken together, this study authenticated UC-related prognostic genes and developed a gene signature for the prognosis of CRC, which will be of great significance in the identification of prognostic molecular biomarkers, clinical prognosis prediction, and development of treatment strategies for patients with CRC.

Relationship between GDF-15, urinary sodium and markers of renal function in patients with chronic heart failure

Abstract Background Patients with heart failure (HF) often have altered renal function. Urinary sodium is a marker of diuretic resistance and is associated with a worse prognosis in HF. Growth differentiation factor-15 (GDF-15) is a marker of oxidative stress and inflammation and is a prognostic predictor in HF. Objectives We sought to assess the relationship of GDF-15 with renal function parameters and with urinary sodium in patients with chronic HF. Methods We undertook a cross-sectional study of patients with HF from specialized outpatient clinic. Patients with signs and symptoms of HF and LVEF &amp;lt;50% were included. An echocardiogram was performed and blood samples were collected, which were frozen for the final study, where the performance of GDF-15 in the prediction of renal outcomes in HF will be evaluated. The dosage of NT-proBNP was performed using the Elecsys® system (Roche, Basel, Switzerland) and GDF-15 by the sandwich immunoassay method with monoclonal antibodies (Elecsys®, Roche, Basel, Switzerland). Analysis of the relationship between GDF-15 and baseline renal parameters was performed. Correlation analysis was performed between GDF-15 and continuous variables, using the Spearman method. Results Sixty-seven patients were included. The etiologies of HF were hypertension, diabetes mellitus, alcoholic cardiomyopathy and idiopathic cardiomyopathy. Forty-one (61.2%) individuals were male, with a mean age of 61±13 years. Median GDF-15 values were 1413 pg/mL (interquartile range 1044–2554). Patients with GDF-15 values above the median had lower urinary sodium values (88 mEq/L [53–121] vs 112 [76–171], p=0.06), lower glomerular filtration rate (GFR) (63.9±29.1 vs 91.2±25 mL/min/1.73 m2, p=0.001) and higher creatinine levels (1.32 mg/dL [0.85–1.71] vs 0.91 [0.78–1.08], p&amp;lt;0.001). There was no significant difference in relation to urinary albumin (21 mg/L [7–126] vs 15.1 [5.8–41], p=0.30). The urinary albumin/creatinine ratio was higher in the group above the median, but did not reach statistical significance (38 mg/g [11–110] vs 12.5 [4.9–29], p=0.13). There was a direct correlation between GDF-15 and creatinine (r=0.56, p&amp;lt;0.001) and an inverse correlation with urinary sodium (r=−0.39, p=0.005) and with GFR (r=−0.55, p&amp;lt;0.001). Conclusion GDF-15 correlated with lower urinary sodium levels and worse kidney function in patients with chronic HF. Future studies should address whether GDF-15 is a predictor of worsening renal function overtime. Funding Acknowledgement Type of funding sources: None.