Spatiotemporal Optical Solitons Research Articles

Spatiotemporal optical solitons

In the course of the past several years, a new level of understanding has been achieved about conditions for the existence, stability, and generation of spatiotemporal optical solitons, which are nondiffracting and nondispersing wavepackets propagating in nonlinear optical media. Experimentally, effectively two-dimensional (2D) spatiotemporal solitons that overcome diffraction in one transverse spatial dimension have been created in quadratic nonlinear media. With regard to the theory, fundamentally new features of light pulses that self-trap in one or two transverse spatial dimensions and do not spread out in time, when propagating in various optical media, were thoroughly investigated in models with various nonlinearities. Stable vorticity-carrying spatiotemporal solitons have been predicted too, in media with competing nonlinearities (quadratic–cubic or cubic–quintic). This article offers an up-to-date survey of experimental and theoretical results in this field. Both achievements and outstanding difficulties are reviewed, and open problems are highlighted. Also briefly described are recent predictions for stable 2D and 3D solitons in Bose–Einstein condensates supported by full or low-dimensional optical lattices.

Optical solitons in a few-cycle regime: Breakdown of slow-envelope approximation

The propagation of few-cycles optical pulses in a collection of two-level atoms is investigated beyond the traditional slowly varying envelope approximation. It is shown that in certain conditions, a femtosecond pulse can evolve into a stable spatiotemporal optical soliton.

Stabilization of a(3+1)-dimensional soliton in a Kerr medium by a rapidly oscillating dispersion coefficient

Using the numerical solution of the nonlinear Schrödinger equation and a variational method it is shown that (3+1)-dimensional spatiotemporal optical solitons can be stabilized by a rapidly oscillating dispersion coefficient in a Kerr medium with cubic nonlinearity. This has immediate consequence in generating dispersion-managed robust optical soliton in communication as well as possible stabilized Bose-Einstein condensates in periodic optical-lattice potential via an effective-mass formulation. We also critically compare the present stabilization with that obtained by a rapid sinusoidal oscillation of the Kerr nonlinearity parameter.

Stabilization of a light bullet in a layered Kerr medium with sign-changing nonlinearity

Using the numerical solution of the nonlinear Schrödinger equation and a variational method, it is shown that ( 3+1 ) -dimensional spatiotemporal optical solitons, known as light bullets, can be stabilized in a layered Kerr medium with sign-changing nonlinearity along the propagation direction.

Soliton "molecules": robust clusters of spatiotemporal optical solitons.

We show how to generate robust self-sustained clusters of soliton bullets-spatiotemporal (optical or matter-wave) solitons. The clusters carry an orbital angular momentum being supported by competing nonlinearities. The "atoms" forming the "molecule" are fully three-dimensional solitons linked via a staircaselike macroscopic phase. Recent progress in generating atomic-molecular coherent mixing in the Bose-Einstein condensates might open potential scenarios for the experimental generation of these soliton molecules with matter waves.

The effect of ground vias on changing signal layers in a multilayered PCB

generation TDBPMSHG , which is an extension of the linear TDBPM. It involves solving the coupled parabolic nonlinear equations using the explicit finite-difference technique, where all spatial and time variations were retained in the analysis. The technique was also applied to model pulsed optical beams in a dielectric waveguide containing secondorder nonlinear effects. It is concluded that the method is very efficient and simple to implement. The TDBPMSHG is well suited for the study of the unidirectional propagation of compact temporal pulses over long distances in a guidedwave environment. In addition, the method should find application in the study of spatiotemporal optical solitons in media with quadratic nonlinearity 17 .