Spatial Restructuring Research Articles

현대성과 모델의 지식정치: 중국 선양(瀋陽) 톄시구(鐵西區) 개조의 공간적 재현과 기억의 재구성

현대성과 모델의 지식정치: 중국 선양(瀋陽) 톄시구(鐵西區) 개조의 공간적 재현과 기억의 재구성

Study on Influencing Factors and Characteristics of Spatial Form of Traditional Rural Settlements in the Yellow River Floodplain of North of Henan

Traditional rural settlements are the result of a long historical accumulation in the Yellow River Floodplain of North of Henan. The formation and development of spatial form of the settlements is influenced by several dynamic factors, such as the local economic, social, cultural, historical, natural and geographic environment. Currently, the rural urbanization of the region is in an accelerated phase, thus the spatial restructure and social transformation is ongoing. However, the spatial form of the settlements gets affected by many negative effects. Just based on the concerns about the effects, the article first analyzes the dynamic factors of influencing the spatial form of the settlements in the region, then analyzes and summarizes the characteristics of spatial form of the settlements through field research, satellite image extracting and so on in the region, hoping to have a positive reference to the new rural community construction and the development of traditional rural settlements in future.

Assessing highway's impacts on landscape patterns and ecosystem services: A case study in Puli Township, Taiwan

Highway construction facilitates urban growth in Taiwan. However, the long-term effects of transportation infrastructure are not well understood; these include land-use changes, changes in landscape patterns, and the alteration of ecosystem services. To assess the effects of different land-use scenarios under various agricultural and environmental conservation policy regimes, this study applies an integrated approach to analyze the effects of Highway 6 construction on Puli Township. Interviews with neighborhood leaders of Puli Township, along with remote sensing analysis, reveal that both biophysical and socioeconomic factors are the major forces driving land-use change. The effects of these land-use changes are varied. An example is the road-effect zone, which for Puli Township extends 400m perpendicular to the length of the highway; however, due to differing spatial patterns it is highly asymmetric; indirect effects include the spatial restructuring of certain landscapes, which can drastically influence habitat dynamics. Land-use simulation results indicate that agricultural and environmental conservation policies have significant effects on projected land-use patterns in the southern part of Puli's downtown area and in areas along major roads. Specifically, highway construction and subsequent urbanization under various land-use policies result in varying degrees of isolation and fragmentation in the overall landscape pattern. A habitat quality assessment using the InVEST model indicates that the conservation of agricultural and forested lands improves habitat quality and preserves rare habitats. In summary, appropriate environmental policies will mediate both the direct and indirect impacts of Highway 6 on landscape patterns and ecosystem services in Puli Township.

Re-thinking urban planning in India: Learning from the wedge between the de jure and de facto development in Mumbai

Cities in the global south are undergoing changes in the production structure brought about by globalization and liberalization. These cities also witness significant informalities in terms of shelter and livelihoods. These phenomena are reflected in the urban land use patterns. Planning in these cities is under pressure to adapt to the dynamic urban condition but is constrained by the technical and bureaucratic process of master/development plan making. Through an empirical study of an area in the suburbs of Mumbai (India), this paper shows the wedge between planned and actual land use and discusses the reasons for this dichotomy. The paper argues that master/development plans based on technical principles with micro-level detailing are unable to foresee and hence or otherwise adapt to the economic dynamics and spatial restructuring in Mumbai; they are partly undermined by “occupancy urbanism” (Benjamin, 2008). We discuss how these factors are accommodated within and outside the scope of the development plans. The paper calls for a re-thinking of urban planning in India so that plans are better able to reflect the requirements and needs of the citizens.

저탄소 도시관리를 위한 도시공간조직의 재구조화 과정에 관한 연구

This paper aims to identify the relationship and relative importance of the elements in a Green City planning, which are based on the spatial restructuring for qualities of urban form such as accessibility, efficiency, viability, security and amenity and the physical restructuring of the fabric and metabolism at various scale of urban system. What we find is that the linkage between quality of spaces in urban form and its planning elements (of a Green City) are generally complex and indirect. With these considerations, we find out the planning directions and practical lessons through pairwise comparison matrix of 'quality of spaces (Q)' and 'planning elements(G)' using the AHP(Analytic Hierarchy Process). Also, this paper describes how to define impact on restructuring of urban system by connection between quality based goals-quality of spaces (Q), strategy planning-planning elements (G) and performance indicator-planning indicator (T) in urban system by applying QFD(Quality Function Deployment) methodology. The analysis in this paper is completed by the following processes: i) extracting major components on quality of spaces(Q) the planning elements(G), ii) understanding the co-operative relationship or effects between them, iii) analyzing the relative importance of planning elements with relation to quality of spaces, iv) and then determining the impact on planning elements by performance indicator in relation to quality of spaces implicated in urban system. It thus draws implications for spatial and physical restructuring of urban system at various scale in the planning process for a Green City. Finally, it is very important for an urban system as an engine of a city to be tuned or re-engineered for greater efficiency with good match or linkage between planning elements in relation to its qualities of urban space.

Distribución espacial de la macrofauna edáfica en bosque mesófilo y agroecosistemas derivados en la reserva La Cortadura, Coatepec. Veracruz

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Urban spatial restructuring, event-led development and scalar politics

This paper uses Guangzhou’s experience of hosting the 2010 Asian Games to illustrate Guangzhou’s engagement with scalar politics. This includes concurrent processes of intra-regional restructuring to position Guangzhou as a central city in south China and a ‘negotiated scale-jump’ to connect with the world under conditions negotiated in part with the overarching strong central state, testing the limit of Guangzhou’s geopolitical expansion. Guangzhou’s attempts were aided further by using the Asian Games as a vehicle for addressing condensed urban spatial restructuring to enhance its own production/accumulation capacities, and for facilitating urban redevelopment projects to achieve a ‘global’ appearance and exploit the city’s real estate development potential. Guangzhou’s experience of hosting the Games provides important lessons for expanding our understanding of how regional cities may pursue their development goals under the strong central state and how event-led development contributes to this.

Public funding and urban governance in contemporary Romania: the resurgence of state-led urban development in an era of crisis

In the wake of the global recession, publicly funded urban development projects have reshaped Romania’s cities while transforming local governance practices. This study examines an emergent form of urban governance that is driven by the pursuit of EU and government funding and centres on large-scale spatial restructuring. During a time of severe economic decline, this form of local governance has brought about uneven development through a dramatic increase in redundant public works and urban beautification projects that serve neither the public need nor the EU’s development agenda. Seized by political patronage networks through selective and discretionary allocations of EU and public funds, public works projects have become vehicles for the extraction of public funds.

Women’s changing domestic responsibilities in neoliberal Africa: a relational time-space analysis of Lesotho’s garment industry

Since 2001 when Lesotho embraced the neoliberal African Growth and Opportunities Act that offers preferential access to the US market, its garment industry has expanded dramatically to become the nation’s leading employer. Elsewhere, large-scale employment of women in low-paid factory jobs has entailed spatial restructuring of gender and age relations. Lesotho is a distinctive context, with socio-spatial relations historically adjusted to male labour migration, high levels of contemporary male unemployment and alarming AIDS prevalence. Based on semi-structured interviews with 40 female factoryworkers and 37 dependents, this article applies a relational time-space analysis to explore how financial and spatio-temporal aspects of factory employment articulate to alter women’s relationships with those for whom they have culturally determined responsibilities: their children, those suffering from ill health and their (generally rural) home communities. The analysis highlights that such employment is not merely adding to women’s responsibilities, but transforming how they are able to undertake social reproduction, as practical, social and emotional roles are converted to largely financial obligations.

Women’s changing domestic responsibilities in neoliberal Africa: a relational time-space analysis of Lesotho’s garment industry

Since 2001 when Lesotho embraced the neoliberal African Growth and Opportunities Act that offers preferential access to the US market, its garment industry has expanded dramatically to become the nation’s leading employer. Elsewhere, large-scale employment of women in low-paid factory jobs has entailed spatial restructuring of gender and age relations. Lesotho is a distinctive context, with socio-spatial relations historically adjusted to male labour migration, high levels of contemporary male unemployment and alarming AIDS prevalence. Based on semi-structured interviews with 40 female factoryworkers and 37 dependents, this article applies a relational time-space analysis to explore how financial and spatio-temporal aspects of factory employment articulate to alter women’s relationships with those for whom they have culturally determined responsibilities: their children, those suffering from ill health and their (generally rural) home communities. The analysis highlights that such employment is not merely...

Land consolidation: An indispensable way of spatial restructuring in rural China

The implementation of new type industrialization and urbanization and agricultural modernization strategies lacks of a major hand grip and spatial supporting platform, due to long-term existed “dual-track” structure of rural-urban development in China as well as unstable rural development institution and mechanism. It is necessary to restructure rural production, living and ecological space by carrying out land consolidation, so as to establish a new platform for building new countryside and realizing urban-rural integration development in China. This paper develops the concept and connotation of rural spatial restructuring. Basing on the effects analysis of industrialization and urbanization on rural production, living and ecological space, the mechanism of pushing forward rural spatial restructuring by carrying out land consolidation is probed. A conceptualization of the models of rural production, living and ecological spatial restructuring is analyzed combining with agricultural land consolidation, hollowed villages consolidation and industrial and mining land consolidation. Finally, the author argues that a “bottom-up” restructuring strategy accompanied by a few “top-down” elements is helpful for smoothly pushing forward rural spatial restructuring in China. In addition, the optimization and restructuring of rural production, living and ecological space will rely on the innovations of regional engineering technology, policy and mechanism, and mode of rural land consolidation, and more attentions should be paid to rural space, the foundation base and platform for realizing urban-rural integration development.

Decentralization, spatial disequilibrium, and restructuring of coastal tourist destination – Empirical research from Sanya, China

The objective of this article is to speculate on resort restructuring in the market-oriented reform process in China. Previous studies show that spatial disequilibrium was aggravated by decentralization, which leads to the difference in tourism policy and investment, public goods, and service; a profound analytical framework is much needed for further empirical studies. This article has reviewed the relevant studies on links between decentralization and restructuring, spatial influences of decentralization on tourism, based on which we put forward the theoretical framework of resort spatial restructuring from the view of political economy analysis, then we elaborate on and discuss it based on the example of Sanya, China. In short, the article suggests that decentralization of fiscal responsibilities and institutional power contributes to the spatial disequilibrium of tourism industrial structure, land use, public infrastructure and service facilities, and to community inequality. Interests of government, ...

Regional Development in Croatia from the turn of Millennium to the EU accession

Researching territorial development in the independent Croatia is an interesting subject for research from many aspects. Unique developments – state formation, war, spatial restructuring of population – have been taking place up until the turn of the millennium, which have also been accompanied by several significant regional impacts. The historical differences have been escalated by the time of transition, the process of Euro-Atlantic integration, and eventually, by the world economic crisis. This study takes into account the most important spatial forming factors and developments on a county level, focusing on the time frame, at the end of which Croatia became a full member of the European Union.

Economic transition, industrial location and corporate networks: Remaking the Sunan Model in Wuxi City, China

This research investigates the transition of the Sunan model, which was centered on local-state directed township and village enterprises (TVEs), through a case study of Wuxi City. Based on questionnaire surveys and firm/government interviews, we have found that Wuxi has been undergoing a series of institutional changes, economic transition and spatial restructuring. TVEs have been replaced by domestic private enterprises and to a lesser extent, foreign-invested enterprises (FIEs). However, in comparison with Suzhou, a leading city in Sunan (southern Jiangsu) where FIEs are a major driving force of economic restructuring, domestic capital and private firms have played a more important role in Wuxi. It is found that domestic firms in Wuxi have their own local production networks, rather than forming networks with FIEs. Moreover, local governments remain a key agent of economic transition and firm (re)location. The case of Wuxi highlights the multiple trajectories of remaking the Sunan model, the strong hand of local states, and the uneven process of economic development.

Rural Spatial Restructure Strategies under the Goal Orientation of "Beautiful Country" in Southern Jiangsu

Under the background of constructing Beautiful Country in new period, we focus on studying the effect way and influence of ecological civilization construction, agricultural modernization, new urbanization and regional space peculiarity conservation on various rural spaces in Southern Jiangsu. We specifically propose rural spatial restructuring strategies and guide rural spaces in Southern Jiangsu to rationalized restructure in new period.

Rethinking City-regionalism as the Production of New Non-State Spatial Strategies: The Case of Peel Holdings Atlantic Gateway Strategy

City-regions are widely recognised as key to economic and social revitalisation. Hardly surprising then is how policy elites have sought to position their own city-regions strategically within international circuits of capital accumulation. Typically this geopolitics of city-regionalism has been seen to represent a new governmentalised remapping of state space conforming to the prevailing orthodoxy of neoliberal state spatial restructuring. Through a case study of the Atlantic Gateway Strategy, this paper provides a lens on to an alternative vision for city-region development. The brainchild of a private investment group, Peel Holdings, the Atlantic Gateway is important because it points towards the production of new non-state spatial strategies. Examining Peel’s motives for invoking the city-region concept, the paper goes on to explore the tensions which currently surround the strategy to further identify the potential and scope for non-state spatial strategies. Connecting this to emerging debates around the key role of asset ownership and the privatisation of local democracy and the democratic state, the paper concludes by suggesting that the key question arising is can and will the state maintain its degree of governmental control over capital investment in major urban regions in an era where persistent underprovision of investment in urban economic infrastructure behoves institutions of the state to become ever more reliant on private investment groups to deliver the deliver the jobs, growth and regeneration of the future.

Relational Cities: Doha, Panama City, and Dubai as 21st Century EntrepÔts

In a dynamic global economy, emergent configurations of capitalist production produce novel spatial assemblages and correspondingly unique geometries of power. The “global cities” literature frames these transformative processes in terms of hierarchical world urban systems, providing a clear theoretical path to understanding the local implications of global spatial restructuring. This article develops the concept of the “relational city” as a transnational urbanist approach to understanding a particular subset of cities that are emblematic of the spatial transformations manifest through advanced capitalism. Relational cities are those constituted through globally critical flows of capital, goods, and ideas, and whose economies are dedicated to intermediary services such as offshore banking, container- and bulk-shipping, and regional re-exportation. Similar to gateway cities and entrepôts, relational cities are found eccentrically at one end of a fan-shaped network, connecting the global economy with a regional economic matrix. Drawing upon Doha, Dubai, and Panama City as illustrative case studies, this article suggests a new way of understanding urban change in a global context while simultaneously moving beyond the recurrent focus on the top-tier financial world cities of the Global North.

Global, regional and local: new firm formation and spatial restructuring in China’s apparel industry

The rise of China as the ‘world factory’ has been attributed to the export-oriented industrialization largely driven by some fundamental transformations unfolding in China’s economic, political and cultural arenas, since the Reform and Opening-Up policies. As production costs and competitive pressures both rise, the flexible business environment that export-led production used to embed in has undergone dramatic restructuring and this has further pushed forward new rounds of spatial restructuring and industrial relocation, especially in China’s highly export-oriented apparel industry. Using a large firm-level dataset on new firm formation, we show the articulation of global, regional and local factors are shaping the new firm formation pattern and industrial relocation in interactional and collective ways. The econometric estimations also indicate the ways in which and the extents to which these factors affect firm location choice are highly determined by firm-specific capability.

Assessing the significance of soil erosion for arable weed seedbank diversity in agro-ecosystems

Accelerated soil erosion threatens sustainable food production by degrading the physical and biogeochemical functioning of arable field soils and lowering crop yields. Much less recognized is the potential for soil erosion to impinge on wider ecosystem services including the weed seedbank that underpins much of the biodiversity in temperate agro-ecosystems of northern Europe. This paper assesses the likely impact of soil erosion on the composition and abundance of the arable weed seedbank, and presents an overview of erosion mechanisms affecting arable land coupled with an outline of the main factors influencing arable weed seedbank abundance and composition. The information presented on both these sets of processes enables assessment of the likely impact of soil erosion on arable seedbank biodiversity at the field and landscape scales. Combining mean annual net erosion rates of c. 7 t ha−1 yr−1 and seedbank densities c. 2000 seeds m−2, both figures broadly representative of UK conditions, produces an average annual loss of the field seed inventory of c. 0.5% yr−1. Where seedbank abundance is otherwise relatively stable (i.e. losses through death, germination and weed control are largely balanced by gain through seed rain), average soil loss rates could export c. 10% of the arable weed seedbank in 20 years. Net erosion data conceal within-field sediment deposition within swales, foot slopes, buffer strips and hedgerows which provides a further dimension of spatial restructuring of weed assemblages. Seed size and shape also influence hydrodynamic behaviour through selective entrainment and preferential deposition. It is concluded that earth surface processes play an under-recognized role in structuring field-scale weed-based biodiversity in agro-ecosystems over decadal timescales.

Development Regimes, Scales and State Spatial Restructuring: Change and Continuity in the Production of Urban Space in Metropolitan Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

AbstractUsing the experience of metropolitan Rio de Janeiro, this article contributes to the broader debate on development regimes, rescaling and state spatial restructuring in Brazil, and its specificities in relation to the international discussion on the transformations in Atlantic Fordism. I argue that the transition from a (peripheral) development state to a competitive and rescaled regime has been accompanied by important continuities. Legitimized through discourses around development poles and trickle‐down effects, the national‐developmental regime has systematically promoted some spaces as opposed to others, without much emphasis on the social and environmental dimensions of spatial policies. The emerging competitive state spatial regime, whether in its neoliberalized, or its more recent ‘rolled‐out’ national‐developmental version, is merely expected to aggravate the historical socio‐environmental contradictions in the production of space. Moreover, scale has proven contested and strategic‐relational, both molding and being influenced by actors that seek to use scalar politics to reach their interests. My analysis suggests that, within this scenario, neither economic growth, nor regulatory and institutional strengthening, nor financial resources are likely to produce structural transformation in the inherited spaces of Greater Rio de Janeiro.