Spatial Phenomena Research Articles

Agent-Based Modeling of Spatial Economic Systems: а Review

The paper describes the current state of agent-based modeling of geographical space and spatial economic systems. We explore reasons why this approach to modeling spatial phenomena is of particular interest. Agent-based models (ABMs) allow accounting for agents’ spatial heterogeneity, the existing structure of the space, locality of interactions between agents. A survey of approaches to introducing space into the models and examples of the existing spatial models is presented. There is a great variety of spatial ABMs, but they relate predominantly to the local and city level, rather than to the economy as a whole. Spatial ABMs at the level of large regions and countries are not yet sufficiently developed, but have good prospects in the future. With increasing availability of geodata and technological development in general the number of applications and coverage of spatial ABM will grow

A Spatial Iconographic Program of Ukrainian Baroque Iconostasis

The purpose of this article is analysis of the iconographic programs of iconostasis created in the Baroque period in the main church complexes of Ukraine - St. Sophia of Kyiv and Kyiv Pechersk monastery. It found that the iconostasis of the side altars of St. Sophia and Assumption Cathedrals and the iconostasis of other churches located on the territory of the monasteries had thematic iconographic programs related to the dedication. These thematic programs do not include Deisis compositions and other images necessary for the year-round cycle of divine service. Instead, they are intended for a solemn service on the feast day or in memory of the saint to whom the additional altar is dedicated. Such "specialized" iconographic programs were parts of the iconographic program of the iconostasis of the central altar of the main church. In this carefully planned system of images of the iconostasis of the side altars and other monastic temples interacted in real space, expanding the sacred space of the main church beyond its material boundaries. Reconstruction of this spatial phenomenon explains the fundamental differences between the iconography of the iconostasis of additional altars from the iconographic program, which was to be in each iconostasis.

Conceptualization of a Queer Cyberspace: ‘Gay Twitter’

This paper seeks to investigate the digital transition from queer, physical spaces to queer, virtual spaces and its subcultural importance within the queer community. A trialectic spatiality approach (Lefebvre 1991; Soja 1996) will be applied to the cyberspace of Twitter in order to explore a particular subversion of a social media platform into a queer cyberspace through a user-established, unique, subcultural sign and code system. By researching the particular experiences of virtual, queer identities on Twitter, the social media platform is characterized as a thirdspace, using the example of ‘Gay Twitter’, conceived as a spatial phenomenon. The essay examines cultural semiotics and the ‘invisible,’ virtual confines of a queered Twitter realm by showcasing the linguistic, contextual and visual markers which create such an ‘imagined,’ exclusive, virtual Twitter community. Subsequently, the cyber-community creation and the establishment of norms and discourses reveal beneficial traits associated with a transition from physical to virtual spaces, but also negative aspects such as virtual gate-keeping, dominant gender and sexuality norms, internal discrimination and underrepresented groups and identities in a queer cyberspace.

The Visualization Representation of Space-Time-Path in The Space-Time-Cube

Map is a traditional visualization tool to represent distribution and interaction of spatial objects or spatial phenomenon. However, with the continuous development of acquisition and processing technologies for spatio-temporal data, traditional map can hardly meet the visualization requirement for this type of data. In other words, the dynamic information about spatial object or phenomenon cannot be expressed fully by traditional map. The Space-Time-Cube (STC), as a three-dimensional visualization environment, whose base represents the two-dimensional geographical space and whose height represents the temporal dimension, can simultaneously represent the spatial distribution as well as the temporal changes of spatio-temporal data. For some spatial object or phenomenon, its moving trajectory can be visualized in STC as a Space-Time-Path (STP), by which the speed and state of motion can be clearly reflected. Noticeably, the problem of visual clutter about STP is inevitably due to the complexity of three-dimensional visualization. In order to reduce the impact of visual clutter, this paper discusses different aspects about visualization representation of STP in the STC. The multiple scales representation and the multiple views display can promote interactive experience of users, and the application of different visual variables can help to represent different kinds of attribute information of STP. With the visualization of STP, spatio-temporal changes and attributive characters of spatial object or phenomenon can be represented and analysed.

A Case for Archival Episodic Content as Technical Evaluative Material

<italic xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">Within an hour-long TV episode, viewers will typically experience somewhere between 600 and 900 edit points. This means that viewers will experience a unique composition featuring a unique combination of spatial phenomena 600 to 900 times. On top of this, these shots must lead into one another, allowing for changes from the start of a shot to the end of the shot and confronting the “temporal contrast” that comes from having edit points at all. During any season of a show’s thousands of shots, production encounters specific technical imaging and perceptual failures and finds ways to work around them to get the image “good enough” for a general audience. However, these images remain valuable even after production is complete, and in fact the archive of ten episodes per season or more represents a treasure trove of naturally occurring perceptual phenomena. This paper presents guidelines and examples for harvesting challenging images from real production and ways in which these images can be analyzed to further a better end-user experience</i> .

Influence of geographical determinants on the spatial distribution of positioning uncertainties in mobile phone location data

AbstractThe increasing use of mobile phone location (MPL) data in mobility research has provided many insights into people's travel behaviors. Despite these achievements, the spatial distribution of MPL data positioning uncertainties and their influence mechanism are rarely discussed. In this research, we investigate the influence of geographical determinants on the spatial distribution of the positioning uncertainties in MPL data. First, we discuss the spatial distribution trends in the positioning uncertainties of MPL data. Then we apply multiple linear regression and geographical detector (GeoDetector) models to explore the influence mechanism on the spatial distribution of the positioning uncertainties. By applying these methods to MPL data sets from a major operator in Nanjing city, we find a spatial aggregation phenomenon in the positioning uncertainties. Elevation contributes most to the spatial distribution of the positioning uncertainties. Furthermore, the influencing power of geographical factors on the spatial distribution of positioning uncertainties is nonlinearly enhanced after an interaction.

Role of Traffic Network in Monitoring Crime and Violence Patterns in Karachi

Crime and geographical accessibility has very special relationship, if monitored on appropriate time it could resolve many complex issues of the crime dynamics. Karachi being the largest city of Pakistan is also very high in the intensity of street crimes that often has very close relationship with the network of the roads. This paper will assess the potential of Geographical Information Systems (GIS) for the analysis of crime pattern and its relationship with the road network in Karachi that would be beneficial for various crime agencies. Present research aims to provide a collective set of methods and techniques for geospatial analysis and 3D mapping of crime scenes. After identification of Hotspots assessment of relationships between robbery or snatching clusters and their spatial neighborhood is initiated by including the urban milieu. For obtaining the desired target copious geospatial data as well as a three-dimensional model is included for analysis. The combined and mutual effort of crime mapping methods with modern 3D modelling helps to facilitate on the spot clutch of multipart spatial phenomena in mapping of crime, and fruitful for both, the communal and responsible decision makers.

A Decentralized Fuzzy Rule-Based Approach for Computing Topological Relations between Spatial Dynamic Continuous Phenomena with Vague Boundaries Using Sensor Data.

Sensor networks (SN) are increasingly used for the observation and monitoring of spatiotemporal phenomena and their dynamics such as pollution, noise and forest fires. In multisensory systems, a sensor node may be equipped with different sensing units to observe and detect several spatiotemporal phenomena at the same time. Simultaneous detection of different phenomena can be used to infer their spatial interactions over space and time. For this purpose, decentralized spatial computing approaches have shown their potential for effective reasoning on spatial phenomena within a sensor network. However, in most cases, spatial extents of continuous dynamic phenomena are uncertain, and their relations and interactions cannot be inferred by the existing approaches at the sensor node level. To address this limitation, in this paper, we propose and develop a decentralized fuzzy rule-based spatial reasoning approach to depict the spatial relations that hold between two evolving spatial phenomena with fuzzy boundaries. The proposed method benefits from a more adapted fuzzy-crisp representation of dynamic phenomena observed by SN where each vague phenomenon is composed of five distinguished zones including the kernel, conjecture and exterior zone and their boundaries. For each detected phenomenon, a sensor node will report one of these zones based on its location. Aggregation of the information reported from the sensor nodes allows reasoning on spatial relations between the observed phenomena and their evolution. Such spatial information provides users with more valuable near real-time information on the state of different phenomena that can be used for informed decision-making.

USING HISTORICAL AERIAL PHOTOGRAPHY FOR MONITORING OF ENVIRONMENT CHANGES: A CASE STUDY OF BOVAN LAKE, EASTERN SERBIA

Useful and important information for the spatial, ecological, and many other changes in the living environment may be obtained using the analysis of historical aerial photography, with comparison to contemporary imagery. This method provides the ability to determine the state of elements of the space over a long period, encompassing the time when it was not possible to acquire the data from satellite imagery or some other contemporary sources. Aerial images are suitable for mapping spatial phenomena with relatively limited spatial distribution because they possess a high level of details and low spatial coverage. With a comparative analysis of aerial imagery from the past, contemporary aerial imagery, and other sources of aerial imagery, we can obtain information about the nature and trends of the observed phenomena as well as directions of future actions, considering changes detected in the environment, whether they are preventive or corrective in nature. This paper gives the methodological framework for the appliance of the existing knowledge from various fields, intending to use historical aerial photography for monitoring of environmental changes of the Bovan Lake in Eastern Serbia.

A Brief Insight on Simulation and Space-Time

Throughout most of human history, events and phenomena of interest have been characterized using space and time as their major characteristic dimensions, in either absolute or relative conceptualizations. Space–Time analysis seeks to understand when and where (and sometimes why) things occur. Ever since Einstein introduced this topic in his “General Theory of Relativity” (a remarkable feat) in 1915, many explanations, assumptions about Space-Time have been published. The authentic archives of Space-Time have helped us to predict and express the ongoing spatial phenomena of the Universe. The strangeness of Space-Time forces Young Researchers and Physicists to study upon the current predictions and theories, sink into the ocean of Space-Time mystery and come up with their own predictions. Besides Space-Time, the predictions about us being in a Simulation is a recent concept. Nick Bostrom’s trilemma “the Simulation argument”, published in 2003 led to the commencement of further oddly satisfying, real life evidence enriched, research papers. “Two possibilities exist: either we are alone in the Universe or we are not. Both are equally terrifying.”- by Andrew C Clarke. Throughout the paper, the Loaf Space-Time model and brief insights on other hypotheses about the structure of the mysterious space-time will be presented with insightful examples, authentic research outcomes, which will be linked with the Simulation Hypothesis.

A Brief Insight on Simulation and Space-Time

Throughout most of human history, events and phenomena of interest have been characterized using space and time as their major characteristic dimensions, in either absolute or relative conceptualizations. Space–Time analysis seeks to understand when and where (and sometimes why) things occur. Ever since Einstein introduced this topic in his “General Theory of Relativity” (a remarkable feat) in 1915, many explanations, assumptions about Space-Time have been published. The authentic archives of Space-Time have helped us to predict and express the ongoing spatial phenomena of the Universe. The strangeness of Space-Time forces Young Researchers and Physicists to study upon the current predictions and theories, sink into the ocean of Space-Time mystery and come up with their own predictions. Besides Space-Time, the predictions about us being in a Simulation is a recent concept. Nick Bostrom’s trilemma “the Simulation argument”, published in 2003 led to the commencement of further oddly satisfying, real life evidence enriched, research papers. “Two possibilities exist: either we are alone in the Universe or we are not. Both are equally terrifying.”- by Andrew C Clarke. Throughout the paper, the Loaf Space-Time model and brief insights on other hypotheses about the structure of the mysterious space-time will be presented with insightful examples, authentic research outcomes, which will be linked with the Simulation Hypothesis.

UNLOCKING POINT CLOUD POTENTIAL: FUSING MLS POINT CLOUDS WITH SEMANTIC 3D BUILDING MODELS WHILE CONSIDERING UNCERTAINTY

Abstract. Throughout the years, semantic 3D city models have been created to depict 3D spatial phenomenon. Recently, an increasing number of mobile laser scanning (MLS) units yield terrestrial point clouds at an unprecedented level. Both dataset types often depict the same 3D spatial phenomenon differently, thus their fusion should increase the quality of the captured 3D spatial phenomenon. Yet, each dataset has modality-dependent uncertainties that hinder their immediate fusion. Therefore, we present a method for fusing MLS point clouds with semantic 3D building models while considering uncertainty issues. Specifically, we show MLS point clouds coregistration with semantic 3D building models based on expert confidence in evaluated metadata quantified by confidence interval (CI). This step leads to the dynamic adjustment of the CI, which is used to delineate matching bounds for both datasets. Both coregistration and matching steps serve as priors for a Bayesian network (BayNet) that performs application-dependent identity estimation. The BayNet propagates uncertainties and beliefs throughout the process to estimate end probabilities for confirmed, unmodeled, and other city objects. We conducted promising preliminary experiments on urban MLS and CityGML datasets. Our strategy sets up a framework for the fusion of MLS point clouds and semantic 3D building models. This framework aids the challenging parallel usage of such datasets in applications such as façade refinement or change detection. To further support this process, we open-sourced our implementation.

The cultural landscape of coffee in Tolima, Colombia: heritage assessment, sustainability and management

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to determine the basis for a management agenda for the Tolima Coffee Cultural Landscape (CCLT) in Colombia. To this end, a delimitation model has been developed. However, the approach taken to institute the agenda of the CCLT, as a comprehensive academic and policy-based theme, is based on the formulation of a social agenda that supports its construction.Design/methodology/approachA theoretical framework is proposed that addresses the sociocultural complexities of the Tolima cultural landscape. This is based on an ethnohistorical approach that elucidates the development of this landscape as a collective construction of pre-Hispanic origin. Therefore, this investigation has been perceived through the theoretical and conceptual framework of the cultural landscape concept and the unique historical and cultural phenomenon that help to define all landscapes. More specifically, the authors have demonstrated the close links that exist between nature and culture, requiring increasingly accurate methods in order to adapt the landscape definition to the specific Latin American context, rather than adhering to the institutional framework proposed by UNESCO.FindingsThe assessment methods currently in use support the interpretation of a set of qualitative and quantitative attributes inherent to the Tolima region. However, additional methods still remain similar to those of the Coffee Cultural Landscape of Colombia (CCLC) that has already been inscribed on UNESCO's World Heritage List. The CCLC is considered to be a representative landscape—or “type” landscape—that “mirrors” the CCLT. Taken as a whole, this theoretical construction combined with the official designation allows local communities to understand the spatial phenomena of the CCLT. This will have the effect of enabling communities at all levels, from local government to landholders and farmers, to authorize its existence and allow for its continuing development and governance. The additional approval for further academic research, combined with the totality of these elements, also has the added effect of empowering communities, their economic future and their cultural interests.Originality/valueThe management agenda that the authors are proposing may form the beginning of regional policy initiatives that reflect a positive strategy for highlighting the value of cultural heritage, thereby ensuring the protection of cultural properties and landscapes and allowing for a more sustainable environment and livelihood for its occupants.

Novel Numerical Investigations of Fuzzy Cauchy Reaction–Diffusion Models via Generalized Fuzzy Fractional Derivative Operators

The present research correlates with a fuzzy hybrid approach merged with a homotopy perturbation transform method known as the fuzzy Shehu homotopy perturbation transform method (SHPTM). With the aid of Caputo and Atangana–Baleanu under generalized Hukuhara differentiability, we illustrate the reliability of this scheme by obtaining fuzzy fractional Cauchy reaction–diffusion equations (CRDEs) with fuzzy initial conditions (ICs). Fractional CRDEs play a vital role in diffusion and instabilities may develop spatial phenomena such as pattern formation. By considering the fuzzy set theory, the proposed method enables the solution of the fuzzy linear CRDEs to be evaluated as a series of expressions in which the components can be efficiently identified and generating a pair of approximate solutions with the uncertainty parameter λ∈[0,1]. To demonstrate the usefulness and capabilities of the suggested methodology, several numerical examples are examined to validate convergence outcomes for the supplied problem. The simulation results reveal that the fuzzy SHPTM is a viable strategy for precisely and accurately analyzing the behavior of a proposed model.

ABOUT ARCHITECTURE AS A VITAL

Architecture is a spatial phenomenon of human culture. Its origins are puzzling with indispensable references to materiality and the distinction between shelter and surroundings. But it is these links that take us away from a few important concepts.

The new spacetime of telework: A challenge for the quality of worklife

Spatiotemporal coordinates are crucial for understanding work experience. The combined effect of the confinement in the face of Covid-19 andthe intense and accelerated development of digital technology changed the nature, forms, conditions, and working relationships. This transformation has been radical with regard to what has been modernly thought of as space and as working time. The objective of the study was to analyze psychosocial aspects of this new reality, visualizing its antecedents and reflecting on its implications. The information was collected from various types of sources: for the study of the antecedents, a selection of classic studies on work space-time was used, which provided a historiographic description of the paradigm inherited from modernity. For the perspective of the psychosocial implications of the new work environment, mainstream literature and secondary sources provided by the abundant multi-color literature available on Google were used. The collected material was subjected to a treatment inspired by thematic content analysis. In an initial phase, the core of the change was identified as a basically spatial phenomenon of distancing from the workplace. From this perspective, the focus of attention was the comparison of the advantages and disadvantages of face-to-face activity and interactions with virtual work, mediated by gadgets, clouds, networks, and virtual platforms. The psychosocial impact attributed to the combined digitization, internalization, teleworking from home, and virtualization of processes has been described as a dilution of the boundaries between work and non-work, as colonization and work contamination of domestic, family, private and personal space-time and, ultimately, as a threat, but also as an opportunity, for the quality of working life.

‘Surging Like the Sea’: Re-Thinking the Spectacle of the Crowd in Early Modern London

Many texts of early modern London are fascinated with crowds. The city’s growth and resulting crowdedness were essential to the city’s theatrical spaces, as the presence of crowds ‘turn[ed] London into a theater’. But even as it is celebrated as a symbol of civic life, evocations of the urban crowd brim with anxiety over its illegibility and unsettling of the very performance space it helps to create. This article re-assesses the London crowd as just such an essential but essentially unstable spatial and rhetorical phenomenon. Working with an array of period texts, this article reads their figuring of the urban crowd specifically in terms of Soja’s socio-spatial theory of Thirdspace and the improvisational power of urban spatial relations.

Spatial Pattern and Spatial Heterogeneity of Chinese Elite Hospitals: A Country-Level Analysis.

Elite hospitals represent the highest level of Chinese hospitals in medical service and management, medical quality and safety, technical level and efficiency, which are also one of the important indicators reflecting high-quality medical resources in the region, and their spatial allocation is directly related to the fairness of health resource allocation. We explored the allocation pattern of high-quality resources and its influencing factors in the development of China's health system using geographic weighted regression (GWR), Multi-scale Geographically Weighted Regression (MGWR), GWR and MGWR with Spatial Autocorrelation(GWR-SAR and MGWR-SAR), spatial lag model (SLM), and spatial error model (SEM). The results of OLS regression showed that city level, number of medical colleges, urbanization rate, permanent population and GDP per capita were its significant variables. And spatial auto-correlation of elite hospitals in China is of great significance. Further, its spatial agglomeration phenomenon was confirmed through SLM and SEM. Among them, the city level is the most important factor affecting the spatial allocation of elite hospitals in China. Its action intensity shows a solid and weak mosaic trend in the Middle East, relatively concentrated in some areas with medium intensity and concentrated in the West China. Obviously, China's elite hospitals are unevenly distributed and have evident spatial heterogeneity. Therefore, we suggest that we should pay attention to the spatial governance of high-quality medical resources, attract medical elites in the region, increase investment in medical education in the scarce areas of elite hospitals and develop tele-medicine service.

Engineering the beat phenomenon of quasi-Rayleigh waves for regions with minimal Surface Acoustic Wave (SAW) amplitude

Surface Acoustic Waves (SAW) are prevalent in a variety of scientific fields. Typically, the ability to manipulate these surface waves has a significant impact on the efficacy of any SAW-based device. In this paper, we present a simple method for designing localized regions that have minimal SAW amplitude. These localized regions have valley-like drops in SAW amplitude and are achieved by using the spatial beat phenomenon of quasi-Rayleigh waves. Controlling the beat phenomenon allows us to manipulate where and how these localized regions appear in the waveguide. In particular, the localized regions can be designed to have variable widths and can be positioned consecutively due to minimal wave scattering. The design methodology and physics are described in detail, and several supplementary simulations are provided to demonstrate the efficacy of the proposed method. Lastly, we briefly discuss how the proposed approach could potentially be exploited to implement a localized high-pass filter and enables SAW wave propagation that avoids surface obstacles.

Capitalism and the Sea: The Maritime Factor in the Making of the Modern World, LiamCamplingAlejandroColásLondon &amp; New York: Verso. 2021. pp. xiv + 418. £20/$29.95 (hardcover). ISBN: 9781784785239

Capitalism and the Sea: The Maritime Factor in the Making of the Modern World, LiamCamplingAlejandroColásLondon &amp; New York: Verso. 2021. pp. xiv + 418. £20/$29.95 (hardcover). ISBN: 9781784785239