Spatial Perspective Research Articles

Evaluation of COVID-19 Cases and Vaccinations in the State of Georgia, United States: A Spatial Perspective

Evaluation of COVID-19 Cases and Vaccinations in the State of Georgia, United States: A Spatial Perspective

Silk Road Concerto: Spatial Narratives of Architectural Cultural Heritage and Linguistic Landscapes in Xinjiang

Abstract The Silk Road is another important international trade route emerging in Eurasia, and Xinjiang, as an important node of the Silk Road, is of great significance in effectively sorting out and studying the architectural cultural heritage of Xinjiang. This paper tries to introduce the concept of spatial grouping in the exploration of the conservation method of Xinjiang’s architectural and cultural heritage and deeply excavate the spatial grouping relationship between each heritage point from the spatial perspective. It combines the quantitative analysis method of space syntax and topological calculation to provide a novel method and thought for studying the spatial narrative of architectural cultural heritage and its linguistic landscape in Xinjiang. The architectural cultures of Marathi Grassland, Sayram Lake, and Kanas Lake in Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region are selected as the research objects, and the linguistic landscapes are divided into two dimensions of official and private linguistic landscapes for specific analysis. In the evaluation of the spatial perception of cultural architecture in Xinjiang, the weight of the permeability factor consisting of four dimensions, namely width, size, dynamics, and enclosure, is 0.6579, which verifies the feasibility of quantitative research and provides a supplement based on subjective visual perception. It is also found that both the official and private language landscapes have the national common language as the dominant language, and the language landscapes of instructional function, behavioral regulation function, and cognitive function have a larger proportion. In contrast, the other languages provide convenience for foreign tourists to a certain extent.

Contrasting monetary and multidimensional poverty in India: a spatial perspective

The present study makes a comparative analysis on the spatial pattern of poverty by considering both monetary and multidimensional approach and assesses the variation or gap in poverty estimation. Two latest available datasets i.e. NSSO data of planning commission report regarding monetary or consumption poverty and the baseline report on multidimensional poverty by NITI Aayog have been used. Our analysis shows that significant interstate disparities are observed in the spatial concentration of poverty applying two different approaches. Extreme monetary poverty persist in states like Chhattisgarh (39.9 percent), Karnataka (37.0 percent), Meghalaya (36.9 percent) etc. whereas extreme multidimensional poverty exists in Bihar (51.9 percent) followed by Jharkhand (42.2 percent). The result reveals the fact that though monetary poverty and multidimensional poverty are associated with each other the strength of relationship between these two approaches is not strong enough. The study strongly recommends the incorporation of the multidimensional approach along with the consumption approach to measure poverty which has high policy relevance.

Spatiotemporal Propagation Learning for Network-Wide Flight Delay Prediction

Accurate and interpretable delay predictions are vital for decision-making in the aviation industry. However, effectively incorporating spatiotemporal dependencies and external factors related to delay propagation remains a challenge. To address this challenge, we propose the SpatioTemporal Propagation Network (STPN), a novel space-time separable graph convolutional network that models delay propagation by considering both spatial and temporal factors. STPN uses a multi-graph convolution model that considers both geographic proximity and airline schedules from a spatial perspective, while employing a multi-head self-attention mechanism that can be learned end-to-end and explicitly accounts for various types of temporal dependencies in delay time series from a temporal perspective. Experiments on two real-world delay datasets show that STPN outperforms state-of-the-art methods for multi-step ahead arrival and departure delay prediction in large-scale airport networks. Additionally, the counterfactuals generated by STPN provide evidence of its ability to learn explainable delay propagation patterns. Comprehensive experiments also demonstrate that STPN sets a robust benchmark for general spatiotemporal forecasting. The code for STPN is available at <uri xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">https://github.com/Kaimaoge/STPN</uri> .

Yearly patterns of transit usage: a cumulative clustering approach using 7 years of smart card data

This paper presents results of the application of clustering methods to report on the yearly patterns of transit ridership, at metro stations and on bus lines, as observed using 7 years of smart card validations (2015-2021). Results from the k-means approach are presented in this paper while various methods were tested using the same vectors of data. The results confirm the ability of the proposed approach to understand the global changes in ridership patterns. The cumulative clustering approach used allowed to understand the evolution of both bus and metro across the seven years from a temporal and spatial perspective.

Vulnerability to Poverty Due to Schooling: A discussion from the spatial perspective

Vulnerability to Poverty Due to Schooling: A discussion from the spatial perspective

Playing With Spatial Frames: Altering the Body Matrix Through Multisensory Egocentric and Allocentric Body Illusions

The multifaceted nature of body experience, encompassing affective, cognitive, and perceptual components, plays a critical role in the development and persistence of conditions such as anorexia nervosa (AN). Recent research attempted to address such disturbance to improve therapeutical effectiveness, using mirror exposure (ME) and body‐swapping (BS) techniques in immersive virtual reality (VR). Procedures from a third‐person perspective—as mirror‐like experiences—were primarily used to address bodily cognitive and affective components, whereas first‐person ones—as BS—were used to correct distorted body perception. This study investigated the effect of spatial reference frame on body self‐consciousness and body perception during BS. Data revealed two main findings: Even though embodiment was significantly enhanced when participants engaged with a virtual body from a first‐person viewpoint, both egocentric and allocentric perspectives influenced body size estimation (BSE), suggesting that both spatial perspectives critically form and sustain body self‐perception. We discussed predictive coding theory to explain spatial perspective influence on body experience, highlighting the potential therapeutic benefits of incorporating first and third‐person perspectives on body illusions (BIs) for more effective interventions targeting body‐related disturbances.

Revealing novel insights on economic structure from a spatial perspective: Empirical findings from Vietnam

Economic structure plays an essential role in distributing resources and shaping the development trend of a country. Although it has become a topic of interest for scholars, most studies focus on analyzing factors affecting the structural transformation process but ignore the correlation in economic structure between localities. This study explores this correlation through the case of a country undergoing a remarkable economic restructuring process-Vietnam. Based on the data from 2010 to 2019, the Moran?s index (I) is used to assess the level of spatial correlation in the economic structure of localities and the Local Indicator of Spatial Autocorrelation (LISA) is analyzed to determine the specific locations where local spatial correlation occurs. Research results show that the economic structure of localities is unevenly distributed across geographical space. In addition, there exists a spatial autocorrelation phenomenon in localities' economic structure for two sectors-agriculture and industry. At the same time, there is no evidence to show this for the service sector. This discovery confirms the necessity of incorporating spatial factors in research related to economic structure to avoid inaccurate conclusions. From a business perspective, based on the findings of this research, companies can assess the level of competition, risks, as well as business partnership opportunities in different areas, and make appropriate investment decisions. The research results might also serve government agencies regarding planning and functional zoning and formulating and implementing development and economic restructuring policies for various regions.

Spatial transcriptomic sequencing reveals immune microenvironment features of Mycobacterium tuberculosis granulomas in lung and omentum.

Granulomas are a key pathological feature of tuberculosis (TB), characterized by cell heterogeneity, spatial composition, and cellular interactions, which play crucial roles in granuloma progression and host prognosis. This study aims to analyze the transcriptome profiles of cell populations based on their spatial location and to understand the core transcriptome characteristics of granuloma formation and development. Methods In this study, we collected four clinical biopsy samples including Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) infected lung (MTB-L) and omentum tissues (MTB-O), as well as two lung and omentum biopsies from non-TB patients. The tissues were analyzed by spatial transcriptomics to create a spatial atlas. Utilizing cell enrichment scores and intercellular communication analysis, we investigated the transcriptome signatures of cell populations in various spatial regions and identified genes that may play a decisive role in the formation of pulmonary and omental tuberculosis granulomas. To validate our major findings, an in vitro TB model based on organoid-macrophage co-culture was established. Results Spatial transcriptomics mapped the cell composition and spatial distribution characteristics of tuberculosis granulomas in lung and omental tissues infected with Mtb. The characteristics and evolutionary relationships of major cell populations in granulomas reveal a shift in the immune microenvironment: from a predominance of B cells and fibroblasts in pulmonary granulomas to a predominance of myeloid cells and fibroblasts in omental granulomas. Furthermore, our data identified key differentially expressed genes across cell clusters and regions, showing that upregulation of collagen genes is a common feature of granulomas. Using an organoid-macrophage co-culture model, we demonstrated the notable efficacy of Thrombospondin-1 (THBS1) in reducing protein expression levels related to extracellular matrix remodeling. Conclusion These results provide insights into the pathogenesis and development of tuberculosis, enhancing our understanding of the composition and interactions of tuberculosis granuloma cells from a spatial perspective, and pave the way for novel adjuvant treatments for tuberculosis.

Skin cancer in Germany: Characterising screening, prevalence and mortality from a spatial perspective.

Aim of the study was to characterise the association between screening, prevalence and mortality of skin cancer in Germany considering the spatial distribution. The study included the total set of outpatient data of all statutory health insured people and cause-of-death statistics in Germany between 2011-2015 on county level. To identify regions with high/low screening, prevalence and mortality rates, probability maps were calculated. Scenarios were developed based on the research questions. These were used to identify regions that share both high/low rates of screening, prevalence and mortality. Regression analyses were used to characterise these regions, taking into account sociodemographic characteristics. Significant regional variations in prevalence, screening and mortality in Germany were identified. Depending on the scenario, influences of sociodemographic conditions become apparent. For example, a lower income (p = 0.006) and poorer accessibility of the closest dermatologist (p = 0.03) predicted a lower prevalence of and fewer screenings for skin cancer. In regions with low screening and high mortality, significant (p = 0.03) associations with the educational status of the population were also found. The study identified the first spatial associations between screening, prevalence and mortality of skin cancer in Germany. The results indicate that regional population-related characteristics (e.g., sociodemographic characteristics) play an important role in explaining the associations and should be given more weight in further studies. However, further studies, particularly on the spatial variation of skin cancer mortality, are still necessary.

Speech recognition enhancement based on wireless network sensors application in interactive intelligent teaching system

The speech function used in the multi-dimensional speech recognition model based on MTL and RNN is the commonly used MFCC function, and in feature extraction, after various filtering and conversion, deleting part of the speech information is a requirement for 3D audio recognition. Use multidimensional information as much as possible. Based on this, this article not only brings the development of convolutional neural network intelligent teaching, but also proposes a new education model. Heuristic education like flipped classroom is still the content of education research in recent years, and it is important to the current education form in China. It is mainly based on the traditional lecture mode or the classroom form. This article focuses on undergraduate education. It is designed in the classroom based on the video data of the undergraduate interactive activities and the interactive system. It has important research significance and practicality. At the same time, the interactive content of the traditional teaching method is used to perform voice recognition, and the recognition effect of the main body of the interactive system is further improved through the voice information. The spatial perspective is used to divide the lens perspective into seminars and experimental forms, and the pixel change value of each frame provides a specific reference for it to determine the reflection of student interaction activities and the evaluation of student seminars. This article introduces the implementation process of interactive content and interactive activities of the teaching system in the classroom, introduces the speech recognition framework of the MARS Chinese teaching system, uses the model principle, and compares the general speech data set test with the actual ARST model audio. The results show that, MAS model performance is more advantageous.

Biotic assemblages of gelatinous zooplankton in the Gulf of Mexico and adjacent waters: An evolutionary biogeographic approach.

Gelatinous zooplankton constitutes a polyphyletic group with a convergent evolutionary history and poorly known biogeographical patterns. In the Gulf of Mexico, a region with complex geological, hydrological, and biotic histories, the study of this group has been limited to taxonomical and ecological aspects. In this study, we implemented a track analysis to identify distributional patterns of gelatinous zooplankton in the Gulf of Mexico and adjacent waters based on a dataset of 6067 occurrence records corresponding to Hydrozoa, Scyphozoa, Cubozoa, Ctenophora, Chaetognatha, Thaliacea, and Appendicularia. Information was compiled from the Global Biodiversity Facility Information (GBIF) and Ocean Biodiversity Information System (OBIS) databases and peer-reviewed literature. Individual tracks were constructed by joining the minimum distance between the occurrence localities of each taxon using a minimum spanning tree algorithm. We identified generalized tracks using parsimony analysis of endemicity with progressive character elimination (PAE-PCE). The areas where different generalized tracks overlapped were considered to represent panbiogeographical nodes. Seven generalized tracks (two with nested patterns) and six panbiogeographical nodes were recognized, mainly in neritic zones. The distributional patterns of gelatinous zooplankton allowed us to identify four biogeographic areas, supporting previously proposed biogeographic schemes. Gelatinous zooplankton in the Gulf of Mexico showed a convergent spatial distribution that can be explained by vicariant and dispersal events. The historical biogeography of the gelatinous biotas of the Gulf of Mexico has been little studied compared to ecological approaches, and the lack of integrative studies considering historical patterns is evident. This type of research is fundamental to understanding the evolutionary history of natural resources from a spatial perspective, identifying sites of biodiversity and endemism, and establishing a biogeographic baseline of the region for further studies.

Exploring disparities in the generation of food waste from a spatial and sustainability perspective

Exploring disparities in the generation of food waste from a spatial and sustainability perspective

Overcoming treatment resistance in cholangiocarcinoma: current strategies, challenges, and prospects.

Significant advancements in our understanding and clinical treatment of cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) have been achieved over the past 5years. Groundbreaking studies have illuminated the immune landscape and pathological characteristics of the tumor microenvironment in CCA. The development of immune- and metabolism-based classification systems has enabled a nuanced exploration of the tumor microenvironment and the origins of CCA, facilitating a detailed understanding of tumor progression modulation. Despite these insights, targeted therapies have not yet yielded satisfactory clinical results, highlighting the urgent need for innovative therapeutic strategies. This review delineates the complexity and heterogeneity of CCA, examines the current landscape of therapeutic strategies and clinical trials, and delves into the resistance mechanisms underlying targeted therapies. Finally, from a single-cell and spatial transcriptomic perspective, we address the challenge of therapy resistance, discussing emerging mechanisms and potential strategies to overcome this barrier and enhance treatment efficacy.

Restoration and integration of the Huang Family Garden within the contemporary urban fabric of Shanghai

&lt;abstract&gt; &lt;p&gt;In the backdrop of Shanghai's century-long urbanization and modernization, traditional private gardens have undergone a profound transformation influenced by Western lifestyles, concepts, and garden characteristics. This transformation, marked by an East-meets-West fusion, deviates from the conventions of traditional gardens. In this study, we delved into the historical evolution of these private gardens into urban parks against the canvas of evolving urban life and point out that the construction of the city-park interaction mechanism hinges on how to consolidate transformation motives and empower urban space. Focusing on the case study of the Huang Family Garden owned by the Qing Gang tycoon Gold Wing and employing a spatial culture research perspective, we illuminated how the metamorphosis of a private garden into an urban park catalyzed the development of an urban area and scrutinized the spatial transformation of the Huang Family Garden amid Shanghai's urban modernization. Furthermore, our results revealed the inherent public nature of the Huang Family Garden's evolving garden space, along with the continuous manifestation and strengthening of this characteristic through successive urban renovations. The results emphasized the role of gardens in urban resilience and sustainability, highlighting the contribution of garden spaces as public domains. The features exhibited during the transformation of private gardens into urban parks create conditions for enhancing urban resilience, while providing insights into the significance of understanding garden traits in the evolution of cities.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;/abstract&gt;

"Time’s a trap" ou la notion de perspective dans Les Mille et une nuits et The Handmaid’s Tale

“Time's a trap”: the Poetics of Perspective in The Arabian Nightsand The Handmaid’s TaleThe essay analyses the dystopian dimension of the framing narrative of the Arabian Nightsthrough the lens of Margaret Atwood’s novel The Handmaid’s Tale, reexamining the heroines’agency regarding the spatial, temporal and subversive perspectives. It explores the pattern of the night and raises the question of the heroines’ social position and subjectivity through narrative choices and enunciative strategy deployed.

Organizando capacidades e desempenho no contexto da sustentabilidade empresarial

ABSTRACT Purpose: Organize concepts of capabilities and business performance (BP) within the scope of business sustainability (BS). Originality/value: Concepts of capabilities and performance are fragmented in the BS literature. Therefore, we argue the need for more in-depth studies to organize them. This research identifies and organizes categories of capabilities and BP about BS-oriented organizations, bringing new perspectives on how organizations can better use their resources towards sustainable development. Design/methodology/approach: With the support of content analysis techniques, we conducted a broad integrative review of capabilities and performance in the scope of BS. Concepts were categorized into two analysis frameworks regarding capabilities and BP, respectively. Findings: Findings: Based on these two frameworks, first, nine core capabilities were identified and classified into the strategies of the Natural Resource-Based View (NRBV), in order to analyze them into time (short and long-term) and spatial (organization internal and external environments) perspectives. Following that, we identified conceptualizations for BP focusing on one or more BS domains (economic, social, and environmental). Finally, we deduced propositions, including discussions on how capabilities and BP can be constituted into intertemporal and spatial lines, to create a better connection between business and society, accommodating tensions and solving grand societal challenges, such as poverty and climate change.

Revival of Urban Industrial Heritage Based on Spatial Reproduction Perspective—A Case Study of Jingdezhen Taoxichuan Cultural and Creative Arts Neighborhood

Revival of Urban Industrial Heritage Based on Spatial Reproduction Perspective—A Case Study of Jingdezhen Taoxichuan Cultural and Creative Arts Neighborhood

Impact of public investment governance on provinces’ economics growth: A spatial approach

The objective of this study is to evaluate the impact of public investment on the economic growth of the province in Vietnam, with a focus on a spatial perspective to uncover its effects. Applying the quasi-maximum likelihood (quasi-ML) estimation method developed by Belotti et al. (2017) to balanced panel data and conducting various tests, we identified the spatial Durbin model (SDM) as the most appropriate spatial model for the studied data. The importance of public investment in local economic growth is highlighted by an empirical analysis of 63 Vietnamese provinces from 2010 to 2020. Notably, taking spatial interactions into account, the finding reveals the existence of spillover effects of economic growth and public investment, demonstrating the impact of economic growth and public investment from one province on the economic growth of adjacent provinces. We incorporate the impact of foreign direct investment (FDI) in the analysis to highlight the role of public investment in economic growth in the long run. While FDI also has positive impacts on regional growth and has direct effects on neighboring provinces’ growth, it also has an adverse impact in terms of (indirect) spillover effects.

Doing Social Space as a Chacterestic of Clinical Leadership Based on Advanced Nursing Practice - A Qualitative Ethnographic Study

Aim: The study aims to present and analyze the daily practices of Advanced Practice Nurses in hospitals and to reconstruct the constitutive spaces of action, especially in the context of clinical leadership. In doing so, a detailed picture of the prevailing social practices will be described. Research Question: How can Clinical Leadership be interpreted in dynamic work processes and their interaction in the hospital? Methods: An ethnographic research design including participant observation of nine Advanced Practice Nurses in two hospitals was conducted during the period 5/2020 to 8/2020. Data analysis included sequence analysis of participant observations. The study was classified as ethically unobjectionable. Results: This study shows how Advanced Practice Nurses connect people in the hospital through spacing processes and how they influence clinical care processes. The findings paint a detailed picture of the recurring everyday social practices of advanced practice nurses that are interwoven in a bundle and help to constitute and occupy social space. The results are presented in the Doing social space model. Conclusion: This process of reflection helps nurses and other health professionals to critically examine the conventions and rules that underlie their actions in clinical care and to explain the reasons for their actions. The findings should be of great interest as the actions of nurses can be explained and understood from both practice-based theoretical approaches and a spatial sociological perspective.