Spatial Morphology Research Articles

Morphology changes and the expansion of major port cities in the Philippines from 1990 to 2020

Research concerning urban expansion has been conducted worldwide in the context of global urbanization, yet comprehensive and systematic research on urban growth and morphological changes in Asia is lacking. In this study, the land use, population, and economic development of nine major port cities in the Philippines from 1990 to 2020 were analyzed. The urban land density inverse S function was used to conduct an in-depth analysis of changes in urban spatial morphology. The urban growth patterns were studied by landscape expansion indexes were studied. The results showed that the land area of nine port cities increased by 246.7 km2. Infill expansion in Metro Manila, Cebu, and Bacolod accounted for >60 % of the newly added urban land and has led to a more compact urban form; edge and outlying expansion in General Santos, Batangas, Cagayan de Oro, and Iloilo accounted for >80 % and has led to dynamic changes involving compactness and dispersion. Urban boundaries and terrain limit the development of slow and medium-speed expansion cities; the combination with surrounding cities into megacities can be considered in the future. In contrast, rapidly expanding cities need to improve their compactness and efficiency of urban land use.

The Principles of Land Use in The Morphological Dimension of Spatial Management in An Urban Area of The Province of South Sulawesi (Socio-Legal Review)

Purpose: This study aims to analyze and explain the principles of land use within the dimensions of spatial morphology in urban development patterns in South Sulawesi Province and their relevance to spatial strategy. It also aims to analyze and explain factors affecting urban development patterns in the province concerning spatial strategy. Theoretical framework: Sustainable urban land use emphasizes balancing economic growth, environmental preservation, and social equity. It includes long-term resource sustainability, biodiversity conservation, and climate-resilient communities. Effective urban planning should prioritize inclusivity, community involvement, and sustainable transportation for accessible and functional cities. Regional development theory highlights coordinated policies for sustainable economic growth, environmental protection, and social well-being, including diversifying the local economy and enhancing education and healthcare access. Holistic regional development integrates economic, environmental, and social factors, laying the groundwork for responsible land use. Methods: The research was conducted in five Regency/cities in South Sulawesi: Makassar, Gowa, Pangkaje'ne and Islands, Soppeng, and Palopo, with 80 respondents selected through purposive sampling. The study employed descriptive analysis with qualitative and quantitative approaches. Findings: The findings conclude that the principles of land use in South Sulawesi are less than optimally used as guidelines for urban development despite being incorporated into the spatial planning of the Province and Regency/Cities. Practical implications: The implementation of urban development patterns is suboptimal in coordination with urban spatial plans of the Province and Districts. Legal factors, facilities, legal awareness, and the environment positively influence development patterns, while coordination has a negative impact. Originality/Value: The study recommends revising or issuing spatial planning regulations following Law No. 26 of 2007. Consistent supervision, control, and sanctioning by local governments in urban development in South Sulawesi. Enhancement of facilities for the supervision and control of spatial planning. Increasing public legal awareness through the socialization of spatial arrangement regulations. Inter-agency coordination in urban development through a One-Stop Service Office for optimal access to land use permission and spatial planning following the spatial plans of the Regency/Cities.

Response of summer Land surface temperature of small and medium-sized cities to their neighboring urban spatial morphology

Buildings, hard surfaces, vegetation, and water bodies are the four main urban surface types in the study region that are categorized in this study. It uses summer land surface temperature (LST)1 data obtained with a spatial resolution of 1 × 1 m using thermal imaging mounted on a drone, with a case study centering on a small to medium-sized Chinese town. To assess urban spatial morphology indicators within different ranges around the sample sites, buffer zones at 30 m, 50 m, 100 m, and 150 m were developed. The study determined the effective response range, identified the important urban spatial morphology indicators influencing LST, and examined the link between summer LST and various urban spatial morphologies for the four surface types. The results show that, close to the sample locations, Natural Environment Indicators (NEI) often have a cooling effect whereas Building Indicators (BI) typically have a warming effect. The influence of spatial morphologies on summer LST was primarily centered between 30 m and 50 m from the sample sites. The primary spatial morphological indicators determining LST for various underlying surface types within various spatial ranges are the building structure index (BSI) and water surface rate (WP). The response modes, response ranges, and response intensities of LST, however, varied significantly among various underlying surface types. This work provides new insights into how urban morphological characteristics affect the fine-scale spatial variation of LST within urban heat islands (UHI).

Ptpn23 Controls Cardiac T-Tubule Patterning by Promoting the Assembly of Dystrophin-Glycoprotein Complex.

Cardiac transverse tubules (T-tubules) are anchored to sarcomeric Z-discs by costameres to establish a regular spaced pattern. One of the major components of costameres is the dystrophin-glycoprotein complex (DGC). Nevertheless, how the assembly of the DGC coordinates with the formation and maintenance of T-tubules under physiological and pathological conditions remains unclear. Given the known role of Ptpn23 (protein tyrosine phosphatase, nonreceptor type 23) in regulating membrane deformation, its expression in patients with dilated cardiomyopathy was determined. Taking advantage of Cre/Loxp, CRISPR/Cas9, and adeno-associated virus 9 (AAV9)-mediated in vivo gene editing, we generated cardiomyocyte-specific Ptpn23 and Actn2 (α-actinin-2, a major component of Z-discs) knockout mice. We also perturbed the DGC by using dystrophin global knockout mice (DmdE4*). MM 4-64 and Di-8-ANEPPS staining, Cav3 immunofluorescence, and transmission electron microscopy were performed to determine T-tubule structure in isolated cells and intact hearts. In addition, the assembly of the DGC with Ptpn23 and dystrophin loss of function was determined by glycerol-gradient fractionation and SDS-PAGE analysis. The expression level of Ptpn23 was reduced in failing hearts from dilated cardiomyopathy patients and mice. Genetic deletion of Ptpn23 resulted in disorganized T-tubules with enlarged diameters and progressive dilated cardiomyopathy without affecting sarcomere organization. AAV9-mediated mosaic somatic mutagenesis further indicated a cell-autonomous role of Ptpn23 in regulating T-tubule formation. Genetic and biochemical analyses showed that Ptpn23 was essential for the integrity of costameres, which anchor the T-tubule membrane to Z-discs, through interactions with α-actinin and dystrophin. Deletion of α-actinin altered the subcellular localization of Ptpn23 and DGCs. In addition, genetic inactivation of dystrophin caused similar T-tubule defects to Ptpn23 loss-of-function without affecting Ptpn23 localization at Z-discs. Last, inducible Ptpn23 knockout at 1 month of age showed Ptpn23 is also required for the maintenance of T-tubules in adult cardiomyocytes. Ptpn23 is essential for cardiac T-tubule formation and maintenance along Z-discs. During postnatal heart development, Ptpn23 interacts with sarcomeric α-actinin and coordinates the assembly of the DGC at costameres to sculpt T-tubule spatial patterning and morphology.

Comprehensive investigation of flood-resilient neighborhoods: the case of Adama City, Ethiopia

Adama is the second most populous city in Ethiopia and experiences frequent flash floods that have a detrimental impact on the community’s livelihood. To this effect, this study emphasizes the significance of conducting a comprehensive investigation to identify flood-resilient neighborhoods in Adama City. By considering the existing spatial pattern and morphology that are resilient to urban flooding, the city can enhance its flood management strategies in the future. The findings of this study demonstrate varying levels of spatial connectivity within Adama City. Detailed examination of two neighborhoods identified through space syntax analysis with high and low spatial connectivity revealed important insights into flood resilience. The high-connective neighborhoods exhibited well-interconnected street systems with manageable street spacing, facilitating efficient runoff flow and effective flood management during flooding events. These neighborhoods also had shorter block sizes with frequent intersections, promoting better water drainage and reducing the risk of flooding during heavy rain events. The grid pattern observed in these areas allowed for efficient water runoff through multiple drainage paths, including the street surfaces. On the contrary, neighborhoods with low spatial connectivity exacerbated urban flooding. The lack of connectivity and abundance of dead-end streets posed challenges for flood evacuation during emergencies. Irregular block arrangements disrupted the natural drainage system, aggravating the potential for urban flooding. These findings have implications for other flood-prone areas of neighborhoods in Adama City and similar urban areas in the global south on how human settlements are arranged spatially to mitigate urban flood vulnerability.

Myeloid spatial and transcriptional molecular signature of ischemia-reperfusion injury in human liver transplantation.

Ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI) is a significant clinical concern in liver transplantation, with a key influence on short-term and long-term allograft and patient survival. Myeloid cells trigger and sustain tissue inflammation and damage associated with IRI, but the mechanisms regulating these activities are unknown. To address this, we investigated the molecular characteristics of intragraft myeloid cells present in biopsy-proven IRI- and IRI+ liver transplants. RNA-sequencing was performed on 80 pre-reperfusion and post-reperfusion biopsies from 40 human recipients of liver transplantation (23 IRI+, 17 IRI-). We used transcriptional profiling and computational approaches to identify specific gene coexpression network modules correlated with functional subsets of MPO+, lysozyme+, and CD68+ myeloid cells quantified by immunohistochemistry on sequential sections from the same patient biopsies. A global molecular map showed gene signatures related to myeloid activation in all patients regardless of IRI status; however, myeloid cell subsets differed dramatically in their spatial morphology and associated gene signatures. IRI- recipients were found to have a natural corticosteroid production and response profile from pre-reperfusion to post-reperfusion, particularly among monocytes/macrophages. The pre-reperfusion signature of IRI+ recipients included acute inflammatory responses in neutrophils and increased translation of adaptive immune-related genes in monocytes/macrophages coupled with decreased glucocorticoid responses. Subsequent lymphocyte activation at post-reperfusion identified transcriptional programs associated with the transition to adaptive immunity found only among IRI+ recipients. Myeloid subset-specific genes and related signaling pathways provide targets for the development of therapeutic strategies aimed at limiting IRI in the clinical setting of liver transplantation.

Effect of Mushroom Extract <i>Hericium erinaceus</i> on Spatial Memory and Morphology of Neurons in the CA1 and CA3 Regions of the Hippocampus in Ovariectomized Rats

Effect of Mushroom Extract <i>Hericium erinaceus</i> on Spatial Memory and Morphology of Neurons in the CA1 and CA3 Regions of the Hippocampus in Ovariectomized Rats

In situ single-droplet analysis of emulsified fat using confocal Raman microscopy: insights into crystal network formation within spatial resolution.

Fat crystallization is one of the predominant factors influencing the structure and properties of fat-containing emulsions. In the present study, the role of emulsifiers on fat crystallization dynamics within droplet multiphase systems was evaluated via single-droplet analysis, taking advantage of the non-destructive properties of confocal Raman microscopy. Palm oil droplets dispersed in water were used as a model system, due to palm oil's well-known crystallization properties. Emulsion droplets of the same size were generated using two different emulsifiers (Whey Protein Isolate and Tween 60), at various concentrations. Fast and slow cooling treatments were applied to affect fat crystallisation and network formation as well as droplet morphology, and crystallization dynamics. Raman imaging analysis demonstrated that the chemical structure and concentration of the emulsifier significantly influenced both crystal nucleation within the droplets, as well as the spatial distribution and morphology of the fat crystal network. Additionally, analysis of the spectra of the crystallized phase provided essential information regarding the impact of the emulsifiers on the microstructure, degree of structural order, and structural arrangements of the fat crystal networks. Furthermore, by performing single droplet analysis during cooling it was possible to observe shape distortions in Tween 60 stabilized droplets, as a consequence of the formation of a three-dimensional network of fat crystals that strongly interacted with the interface. On the other hand, the droplets retained their shape when whey proteins were absorbed at the interface. Confocal Raman microscopy, in combination with polarized light microscopy, is, therefore, a well-suited tool for in situ, single-droplet analysis of emulsified oil systems, providing essential information about emulsified fat crystallization dynamics, contributing to better understanding and designing products with enhanced structure and function.

Human Sleep Posture Recognition Exploiting Spatial Morphology and Local Micro-Doppler Characteristics Using MIMO Radar

Human Sleep Posture Recognition Exploiting Spatial Morphology and Local Micro-Doppler Characteristics Using MIMO Radar

Spatial morphology analysis of Jinan City based on nighttime light remote sensing data

Spatial morphology analysis of Jinan City based on nighttime light remote sensing data

Evaluation of Remote Sensing Products for Wetland Mapping in the Irtysh River Basin

As a transboundary river with rich and unique wetland types, the Irtysh River faces various challenges and threats from human activities and climate change, which affect area, type, and function of wetland. To accurately obtain information on the spatial and temporal distribution of wetlands in this basin, this study compares and evaluates the consistency and accuracy of a total of eleven remote sensing (RS) based land use/land cover (LULC), and wetland products. The information extraction effect of each RS product was examined through methods such as wetland area and type description, thematic map comparison, and similarity coefficient and Kappa coefficient calculations, which can reflect the wetland distribution characteristics and differences among the RS products in the Irtysh River Basin. The results show that although there is a consensus among the products in the major wetland distribution areas, there are still obvious deviations in detail depiction due to differences in factors such as data sources and methods. The products of Global 30 m Wetland Fine Classification Data (GWL_FCS30) and Global 30 m Land Cover Data (GLC_FCS30-2020) released by the Institute of Space and Astronautical Information Innovation (ISAI) of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) have a clear advantage in extracting spatial morphology features of wetlands due to the use of multi-source data, while the Esri Global 10 m Land Cover Data (ESRI_Global-LULC_10m) and products such as the global 10 m land cover data (FROM_GLC10_2017) from Tsinghua University have higher classification consistency. Moreover, data resolution, classification scheme design, and validation methods are key factors affecting the quality of wetland information extraction in the Irtysh River Basin. In practical terms, the findings of this study hold significant implications for informed decision-making in wetland conservation and management within the Irtysh River Basin. By advancing wetland monitoring technologies and addressing critical considerations in information extraction, this research effectively bridges the gap between remote sensing technology and practical applications, offering valuable insights for regional wetland protection efforts.

Geospatial Interpolative Analytics of Gauged Rainfall in Network under Semi-arid Situation of Krishna Basin on a Watershed Scale

Kriging as a Geospatial interpolative delineation of optimal radial distance around existing rainfall stations with in the purview of flat land (1-3 %) watershed (Hti-2 4D7B3) situated in Krishna basin. The smaller (15 and 30 min) and medium (45 min to 1h 45 min) events of the were analyzed focusing on their distribution whereas events of longer duration (>2 h) analyzed with their depth across 14 gauging stations. Analysis of 14 gauged rainfall network stations and their corresponding rainfall data during 2014-2020 used to derive relationship between recurring events of classified duration (15 min to 2 h) vis-a-vis weighted influence of number and depth due to spatial morphology and limitations of watershed. The event vise rainfall network distribution of Huti-2 watershed found to be significantly uniform in number and depth within the radial distance upto 3 km around each station prevailed by strong coefficient of determinant (R2) more than 0.8.

Single-neuron analysis of axon arbors reveals distinct presynaptic organizations between feedforward and feedback projections

The morphology and spatial distribution of axon arbors and boutons are crucial for neuron presynaptic functions. However, the principles governing their whole-brain organization at the single-neuron level remain unclear. We developed a machine-learning method to separate axon arbors from passing axons in single-neuron reconstruction from fluorescence micro-optical sectioning tomography imaging data and obtained 62,374 axon arbors that displayed distinct morphology, spatial patterns, and scaling laws dependent on neuron types and targeted brain areas. Focusing on the axon arbors in the thalamus and cortex, we revealed the segregated spatial distributions and distinct morphology but shared topographic gradients between feedforward and feedback projections. Furthermore, we uncovered an association between arbor complexity and microglia density. Finally, we found that the boutons on terminal arbors show branch-specific clustering with a log-normal distribution that again differed between feedforward and feedback terminal arbors. Together, our study revealed distinct presynaptic structural organizations underlying diverse functional innervation of single projection neurons.

Placing Urban Renewal in the Context of the Resilience Adaptive Cycle

Resilience thinking provides valuable insights into the dynamics of complex adaptive systems. To achieve resilience in urban systems, it can be fruitful to delve into the intricacies of resilience processes. This paper theorizes about how the specific characteristics of resilient systems can be integrated into the spatial design of cities. Emphasizing the importance of the built form and spatial systems in maintaining order within urban processes, we focus on how adaptive renewal cycles can be applied to various systems and dimensions where urban change, adaptation, and renewal occur. The paper identifies key resilient system characteristics applicable to urban spatial form and contextualizes urban renewal within the adaptive renewal cycle—a framework originally developed to capture temporal and spatial ecosystem dynamics. We integrate insights within ‘space syntax theory’, theorizing about how cities renew themselves over space and time. We discuss instances of ‘compressed resilience’ and the challenges posed by the ‘tyranny of small decisions’ in urban planning and development. In conclusion, we identify future research directions in the theory of spatial morphology and resilient urban systems, emphasizing the need for a deeper understanding of the interplay between urban processes, urban form, resilience, and adaptive renewal.

Study on the Spatial and Temporal Evolution of Regional Green Space Morphology Outside Built-Up Areas based on the Google Earth Engine and Biophysical Component Modeling

The spatial pattern of regional green space is an important dimension to describe and quantitatively express the characteristics of regional green spaces outside the built-up area of a city. With the expansion of urban and rural construction land, regional green space has been continuously encroached upon. This leads to a decline in regional ecological well-being and the loss of biodiversity. Based on the remote sensing data of Shanghai city from 2000 to 2020, we quantitatively studied the spatial morphological change characteristics of regional green space outside the built-up area of Shanghai city. Firstly, with the help of the GEE platform, the optimal decoding accuracy classification method was selected through machine learning (random forest, support vector machine, classification regression tree); then, based on the biophysical component (BCI) and CA binarization, the built-up area ranges for up to five time nodes were obtained; finally, through GIS spatial data analysis and processing technology, the regional green space dynamic data of Shanghai for five time nodes were extracted. Based on the above data, an analysis index system was constructed to quantitatively analyze the spatial morphology characteristics of the regional green space outside the built-up area of Shanghai. The results show that (1) the area of regional green space outside the built-up area of Shanghai had a fluctuating growth pattern of “decreasing and then increasing”. The arable land and water areas in Shanghai decreased, and the woodland area increased steadily, while the wetland and grassland areas showed a trend of first decreasing and then increasing. (2) The regional green patch fragmentation shows a fluctuating development trend of increasing, decreasing, and increasing. (3) The change in the spatial center of gravity of the regional green space in Shanghai had a high degree of consistency with the overall green space change. The center of gravity of the grasslands in the regional green space moved substantially to the northwest, while the center of gravity of the other types remained basically unchanged. This study reveals the spatial morphology characteristics of regional green spaces and provides a research method to study the dynamic changes in regional ecological resources. The results of this study can provide a scientific basis for the identification, protection, and development of regional ecological resources.

Study on the effect of dynamic chemical polishing treatment on porous titanium alloy scaffolds fabricated using laser powder bed fusion

This study addresses the issue of a significant amount of unmelted powder adhering to the surface of Laser Powder Bed Fusion (LPBF) porous titanium alloy scaffolds, and the current inability of existing technologies to effectively handle such surface defects. Porous titanium alloy scaffolds with a triple periodical minimal surface (TPMS) Gyroid structure were prepared using powder bed fusion technology for dynamic chemical polishing. The spatial and surface morphology, as well as the mechanical properties of the scaffolds, were evaluated before and after treatment. Concurrently, fluid finite element simulation was employed to analyze the flow state of the solution inside the porous scaffold during dynamic chemical polishing. Cell culture samples were prepared and subjected to dynamic chemical polishing to study the specific effects of scaffold surface morphology on cell activity. The results indicate that the surface treatment effect, internal and external homogeneity, and dynamic and static mechanical properties of the porous scaffolds with a Gyroid structure are significantly improved after dynamic chemical polishing. Additionally, it was found that dynamic chemical polishing could effectively reduce the micrometer roughness and increase the nanometer roughness of the sample surface, thereby enhancing the adhesion, proliferation, and differentiation activities of Human Bone Mesenchymal Stem cells.

Quantitative Analysis Village Spatial Morphology Using “SPSS + GIS” Approach: A Case Study of Linxia Hui Autonomous Prefecture

This research comprehensively analyzes the spatial morphology of 177 traditional villages within Linxia Hui Autonomous Prefecture, Gansu Province. The study delineates these characteristics utilizing a combination of five quantitative measured indices—ratio, boundary, saturation, building density, and dispersion coefficients. Leveraging sophisticated analytical techniques facilitated by “SPSS + GIS” integration, the investigation systematically explores the intricate details of village spatial form. Their overarching distribution patterns, and the determinant factors influencing them, provide insights across both granular and broad-scale dimensions. The aim is to establish a robust quantitative data analysis framework, facilitating a precise description of traditional villages’ spatial dynamics. The findings categorize the spatial morphology of Linxia’s traditional villages into three distinct types: linear multi-point concentration, dense clustering, and irregular dispersion. Common traits among these categories include widespread dispersal, small settlements, and a mix of dwellings. Spatial distribution patterns vary, with dense clusters forming an “olive-shaped” trend in the southeast–northwest direction, while irregularly dispersed villages develop along mountains and valleys, exhibiting multi-core structures. Additionally, linear multi-point concentrated villages display a random, multi-point distribution interspersed with dense clusters. The survival strategies of these commercial, subsistence, and resource-based villages are shaped by a confluence of factors such as elevation, river proximity, ancient road networks, and the interplay between Han Chinese and Tibetan cultural influences. The implications of this study are significant for understanding traditional village dynamics, promoting sustainable development, and refining quantitative methods for rural studies.

Mechanical properties of fracture-grouted prefabricated sandstone after thermal-acid coupling treatment: An experimental study

Grouting reinforcement is an efficient approach to increase the stability of engineered fractured rock masses that may be subjected to high temperatures and acidic groundwater in complex geological environments. To reveal the mechanical properties and failure characteristics of the grout-reinforced fractured rock masses under thermal-acid coupling conditions, prefabricated fractured red sandstone specimens with different inclination angles (IAs) were firstly grouted using a new high-strength fast anchoring agent (HSFAA). Then, the grout-reinforced specimens (GRSs) were then immersed in hydrochloric acid (HCl) solutions with different temperatures (varying from 25 to 300 °C). Finally, the macroscopic mechanical properties, microscopic morphology, and crack evolution characteristics of the GRSs after thermal and acid solution treatments were investigated by the uniaxial compression test, X-ray computed tomography (CT) and scanning electron microscopes (SEM). The results confirmed that the HSFAA featured with high fluidity, rapid setting, excellent early strength, and micro-expansion, was an ideal grouted reinforcement material for fractured rock masses. The compressive and tensile strengths of the HSFAA material at a 1-day curing were 2.01 and 1.64 times those of the ordinary Portland cement 42.5 (P.O 42.5), respectively. The fractured IA, thermal-acid coupling method and temperature affected the mass loss, strength parameters, and failure modes of the GRSs to different degrees. The thermal-acid coupling treatment affected the initiation location and extension direction of cracks within the GRSs. The increasing temperature led to the larger and more varied internal cracks, as well as the more complex 3D spatial morphology within the GRSs.

Spatio-temporal analysis of local thermal environment in waterfront blocks along the both sides of pearl river in Guangzhou, China

Urban water bodies play an important role in regulating the thermal environment in densely populated cities. Typical central urban areas along both sides of the Pearl River in Guangzhou are selected as study sites and have been divided into 25 local zones with different spatial morphology. Mobile surveys are performed on typical summer and winter days. After temporal correction processing, the spatial distribution patterns of air temperature (Ta) and relative humidity (RH) at different times along both sides of the Pearl River are obtained. The daily Ta in the waterfront blocks ranged from 31.5 °C to 39.4 °C during summer, and from 17.50 °C to 27.50 °C during winter. Daily RH ranged from 41.3% to 67.3% during summer and 48.2%–76.4% during winter. This study explored the effects of urban spatial morphology and river wind on the local thermal environment of the waterfront blocks. The results showed that the river wind can have cooling and humidifying effects, especially on the windward side of these waterfront zones. The spatial heterogeneity and spatial autocorrelation characteristics of the block-scale waterfront areas are discovered to be clustered in both seasons. This study contributes to the design and optimization of thermally friendly waterfront blocks.

Deep learning of cell spatial organizations identifies clinically relevant insights in tissue images

Recent advancements in tissue imaging techniques have facilitated the visualization and identification of various cell types within physiological and pathological contexts. Despite the emergence of cell-cell interaction studies, there is a lack of methods for evaluating individual spatial interactions. In this study, we introduce Ceograph, a cell spatial organization-based graph convolutional network designed to analyze cell spatial organization (for example,. the cell spatial distribution, morphology, proximity, and interactions) derived from pathology images. Ceograph identifies key cell spatial organization features by accurately predicting their influence on patient clinical outcomes. In patients with oral potentially malignant disorders, our model highlights reduced structural concordance and increased closeness in epithelial substrata as driving features for an elevated risk of malignant transformation. In lung cancer patients, Ceograph detects elongated tumor nuclei and diminished stroma-stroma closeness as biomarkers for insensitivity to EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors. With its potential to predict various clinical outcomes, Ceograph offers a deeper understanding of biological processes and supports the development of personalized therapeutic strategies.