Spatial Data Infrastructure Research Articles

The Influence of Transportation Accessibility on Traffic Volumes in South Korea: An Extreme Gradient Boosting Approach

This study explored how transportation accessibility and traffic volumes for automobiles, buses, and trucks are related. This study employed machine learning techniques, specifically the extreme gradient boosting decision tree model (XGB) and Shapley Values (SHAP), with national data sources in South Korea collected from the Korea Transport Institute, Statistics Korea, and National Spatial Data Infrastructure Portal. Several key findings of feature importance and plots in non-linear relationships are as follows: First, accessibility indicators exhibited around 5 to 10% of feature importance except for Mart (around 50%). Second, better accessibility to public transportation infrastructures, such as bus stops and transit stations, was associated with higher annual average daily traffic (AADT), particularly in metropolitan areas including Seoul and Busan. Third, access to large-scale markets may have unintended effects on traffic volumes for both vehicles and automobiles. Fourth, it was shown that lower rates of AADT were associated with higher accessibility to elementary schools for all three modes of transportation. This study contributes to (1) understanding complex relationships between the variables, (2) emphasizing the role of transportation accessibility in transportation plans and policies, and (3) offering relevant policy implications.

Результаты исследования матриц деформаций координатной основы СК-42

For transition from the coordinate system CS-42 to the Earth-centered, Earth-fixed SCS-2011, correct transformation models are required. Such a model is a non-linear transformation of coordinate systems via the grid shift method. The Data Grid of transformation parameters from CS-42, CS-95 to SCS-2011 were developed in 2016 at the Federal Scientific and Technical Center of Geodesy, Cartography and Spatial Data Infrastructure and are called deformation matrices of CS-95 (CS-42). The accuracy of coordinate transformation is declared as 10 cm for areas with a high density of state geodetic network points. The author presents the results of the deformation matrix analysis for the Republic of Bashkortostan. Evaluation of errors in it due to violation of the mesh irregularity is presented. Recommendations for improving the model are given

Development of Meta-Geosystems of Tourist and Recreational Clusters

The study aims to find a key to the problem of managing cultural heritage systems in the example of the Temnikov-Sanaksar cluster located in Eastern Europe. This area is situated between the forest-steppe of the layered-tier Volga upland and the forest geosystems of the layered Oka-Don lowland. The article applies an interdisciplinary approach to solving the problem of optimizing inter-component relationships in the meta-geosystems of tourist and recreational clusters. The sustainable development of meta-geosystems should be based on multifactorial information support, which implements the most important condition for the effective economic development of landscapes through the formation of the regions’ spatial data infrastructure. In order to consistently optimize meta-geosystems of different hierarchical levels, it is necessary to solve several emerging issues, such as assessing the strength and nature of inter-component connections in geosystems, determination of factors describing the territorial variation of the properties of geosystems, interpreting and substantiation the semantics of the selected basic factors.

Sustainable Development Goals from Theory to Practice Using Spatial Data Infrastructure: A Case Study of UAEU Undergraduate Students

The importance of Education for Sustainable Development (ESD) in influencing students’ understanding of and behavior toward sustainability cannot be overstated. However, prior studies have shown that students generally lack comprehension of how to apply geography instruction in relation to territories and their contribution to the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). Although the relationship between the SDGs and academic institutions has been the subject of numerous research, it is still unknown how much knowledge students have on the subject. Therefore, this research aims to raise awareness about SDGs and evaluate the knowledge of undergraduate geography students regarding the SDGs. Additionally, it investigates the impact of Spatial Data Infrastructure (SDI) and quality education as pedagogical tools on students’ sustainability consciousness. A questionnaire was designed, validated, and administered to students at the United Arab Emirates University from both geography and non-geography cohorts to assess their knowledge. Statistical analysis indicated high reliability of the constructs. The results revealed significant insights through descriptive, ANOVA, and multiple comparisons analysis with the Tukey HSD test. Specifically, geography students who participated in an SDG Awareness and Knowledge Program within the Technological Pedagogical Content Knowledge (TPACK) model demonstrated statistically significant differences in various aspects of SDG awareness and knowledge, SDG awareness using SDI skills, and the importance of quality education and the integration of SDG knowledge in pedagogy, as compared to other geography and non-geography students who did not receive the SDG awareness program. This research is expected to provide valuable knowledge about SDGs through effective pedagogical skills, benefiting both student and educator community.

Roadmap from a traditional Spatial Data Infrastructure (SDI) to an Integrated Geospatial Information Framework (IGIF)

Roadmap from a traditional Spatial Data Infrastructure (SDI) to an Integrated Geospatial Information Framework (IGIF)

A review of the ICA model of stakeholders in a spatial data infrastructure (SDI)

Abstract. The Commission on SDI & Standards (and its predecessors) of the International Cartographic Association (ICA) has developed formal models of a spatial data infrastructure (SDI), using the viewpoints of the Reference Model for Open Distributed Processing (RM-ODP) and the Unified Modeling Language (UML). The Commission described an SDI from the Enterprise Viewpoint (purpose, scope and policies for an SDI), Information Viewpoint (semantics of information and information processing in an SDI) and Computational Viewpoint (functional decomposition of the SDI into a set of services that interact through interfaces). The Enterprise Viewpoint model included six types of stakeholders in an SDI: Policy Maker, Producer, Provider, Broker, Value-added Reseller and End User. Subsequently, the Commission identified 39 sub-types of these stakeholders, though a better description of them might be as specializations, special cases, attributes, activities or roles.We have identified and reviewed all the literature that has referenced the Commission’s papers on the SDI models. Most use the Commission’s papers for the definitions of an SDI and of the parts, processes and stakeholders in an SDI. In this paper, we discuss all those that have applied the ICA SDI stakeholder model, proposed improvements to the model and/or highlighted parts of the model that are not well understood. We also discuss some issues we identified when reviewing the models. Subsequently, we plan on proposing some revisions and expansions on this ICA model of the stakeholders in a spatial data infrastructure.

Building the case for a bottom-up approach to SDI stakeholder collaboration – experiences from South Africa

Abstract. Inclusive governance remains a challenge for the South African Spatial Data Infrastructure (SASDI). This is evidenced through the limited participation of sub-national government in SASDI and the challenges they experience with access to fundamental geospatial data. The purpose of this paper is to make recommendations for enhancing the role of sub-national government and other users in SASDI. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with representatives from municipalities and the municipal land use application process was used as a case study. The interviews confirmed that municipalities are striving to operate efficiently, but that limited access to fundamental geospatial data constrains them. Based on the results, it is recommended that access to geospatial data be improved through an integrated approach to stakeholder collaboration, coordinated by the SASDI. Such collaboration would proactively pursue inclusive governance and could significantly improve access to fundamental geospatial datasets.

Building a Cadastral Map of Europe through the INSPIRE and Other Related Initiatives

Digital cadastral maps with accompanying land-related attributes have become a fundamental dataset for many application fields, e.g., spatial planning and development, protecting state lands, securing of land tenure, facilitating land reforms, agriculture, forestry, land management, taxation, etc. In order to fulfil its main objectives, cadastral data needs to be available and accessible, which is, among the others, emphasized also within the United Nations Framework for Effective Land Administration (FELA). This is not only important on the national level but also beyond, including at the European level where use cases and consequently demand for pan-European data sets have evolved in recent years. In order to satisfy these needs, several initiatives regarding cadastral and other geospatial data have been launched in the last 20 years. It started with the Permanent Committee on Cadastre in the European Union, the European Land Information Service, INSPIRE, UN-GGIM Europe and recent European policies on open data and high-value datasets. Our main question is, did those initiatives result in the possibility of building a cadastral map of Europe or not? Is it possible to create a cadastral map of Europe on the desktop or an open online GIS application? Within the paper, we take the opportunity to reflect on the development and implementation of European spatial data infrastructure (INSPIRE) with the main focus on the availability and accessibility of cadastral data. We also take into consideration other European initiatives related to cadastral data. The overall findings show that there is still work to be carried out. Technological developments and recent policy initiatives will certainly be drivers for future improvement.

Creating the spatial data infrastructure elements by local areas of digital images

The article discusses the main features of creating spatial data infrastructure (SDI) elements based on digital images that lack orientation elements, survey parameters, and imagery projection data. The technology for analyzing such images is based on the photogrammetric processing of single images, using the analytical and geometric features of the transformation of local areas – fragments of images obtained by an ultra-narrow bunch of projecting rays.

Structured Land Domain Modeling for Sustainable Land Administration in Sri Lanka

Developing countries face challenges in identifying suitable land due to insufficient administration systems, leading to governance issues and economic decline. A well-functioning land administration system is crucial for development. This technical paper elaborates an easy pathway to develop a local land administration Domains toward an effective and efficient Land Administration. Introduction of Land Fabric Domain (LFD) and the Localized Land Domains (LLD), are new concept for structuring of land parcels at comparatively low accuracy but well-defined topologically adjusted feature classes to manipulate as electronic information base to sustain the national land administration, real estate management and spatial data infrastructure development. The system architecture designs and the descriptive feature class overview elaborate the land administration system developers to begin their own LLD systems and interactive collaboration with national domains in order to manage overall system compatibility and consistency. The research focuses on the land information system (LIS) currently maintained and operated by the Survey Department and national issues in sustainable land administration of the country. Research focuses to analyze the prevailing process and outcomes of the LIS and introduces possible successive system architectures for implementation. The introductory LFD will be discussed against the feature topology on the basis of geospatial data science and then detailed feature classification will further be discussed accommodating entity relation diagrams. Proposed LLD with process architecture models will be conceptualized for successive implementation. The localized land domains will be structured and interactively linked through national LADM ISO-19152 guidelines for sustainable land administration of the country.

GIS-based selection methodology for viable District Heating areas in Castilla y León, Spain

The present research presents a novel methodology that using geospatial tools is intended to facilitate the inclusion of geothermal energy in the urban sector by selecting viable zones for geothermal district heating's The methodology is a three-step screening process based in Castilla y León (Spain), whose starting point is taking the information needed from the spatial data infrastructure about its geology, provinces and buildings and further adding selected criteria to narrow the results such as thermal conductivity, population density, energy consumption, etc. This process is intended to help with site selection of district heating's as a tool that can be applied everywhere as long as the base material is available and its key point is its agility to study multiple sites and display the information in a visual representation. As a result, the methodology provides a range of suitable sites that can be studied in detail in the future, based on the needs that the user seeks to cover.

Quantifying the Spatial Ratio of Streets in Beijing Based on Street-View Images

The physical presence of a street, called the “street view”, is a medium through which people perceive the urban form. A street’s spatial ratio is the main feature of the street view, and its measurement and quality are the core issues in the field of urban design. The traditional method of studying urban aspect ratios is manual on-site observation, which is inefficient, incomplete and inaccurate, making it difficult to reveal overall patterns and influencing factors. Street view images (SVI) provide large-scale urban data that, combined with deep learning algorithms, allow for studying street spatial ratios from a broader space-time perspective. This approach can reveal an urban forms’ aesthetics, spatial quality, and evolution process. However, current streetscape research mainly focuses on the creation and maintenance of spatial data infrastructure, street greening, street safety, urban vitality, etc. In this study, quantitative research of the Beijing street spatial ratio was carried out using street view images, a convolution neural network algorithm, and the classical street spatial ratio theory of urban morphology. Using the DenseNet model, the quantitative measurement of Beijing’s urban street location, street aspect ratio, and the street symmetry was realized. According to the model identification results, the law of the gradual transition of the street spatial ratio was depicted (from the open and balanced type to the canyon type and from the historical to the modern). Changes in the streets’ spatiotemporal characteristics in the central area of Beijing were revealed. Based on this, the clustering and distribution phenomena of four street aspect ratio types in Beijing are discussed and the relationship between the street aspect ratio type and symmetry is summarized, selecting a typical lot for empirical research. The classical theory of street spatial proportion has limitations under the conditions of high-density development in modern cities, and the traditional urban morphology theory, combined with new technical methods such as streetscape images and deep learning algorithms, can provide new ideas for the study of urban space morphology.

Assessing the Status of National Spatial Data Infrastructure (NSDI) of Bangladesh

National spatial data infrastructure (NSDI) is an essential framework for managing and sharing geospatial data across different sectors and organizations. In Bangladesh, the development of NSDI is still in its early stages, and there are several challenges that need to be addressed to ensure its effective implementation. This paper provides a comprehensive assessment of the status of NSDI implementation in Bangladesh using Eelderink’s fourteen key variables. The paper examines the current state of NSDI implementation in Bangladesh, identifies strengths and weaknesses, and suggests recommendations for improvement. The findings suggest that while some progress has been made in establishing NSDI in Bangladesh, there are still significant challenges, such as limited funding; weak coordination among stakeholders; and a lack of skilled manpower, awareness, and capacity among users. To address these challenges, in this paper, we recommend several measures to improve the NSDI framework in Bangladesh. These include increasing funding support for NSDI development and maintenance, improving coordination among stakeholders through the establishment of a national coordinating body, enhancing awareness and capacity-building programs for NSDI users, and promoting the use of open data standards to improve data quality and interoperability. It is hoped that these recommendations will be taken into consideration by policymakers and other stakeholders to further enhance the development of NSDI in Bangladesh.

Organization of geoinformation monitoring of geospatial data of green plants of the street and road network of the city of Odesa

The purpose of this work is the introduction of a permanent system of real-time observations of green spaces to update geospatial data. Methodology: To achieve this goal, we monitored green spaces with the help of GIS technologies, displaying up-to-date information for each plant and storing the history of changes in each object. This work is divided into two stages. The first stage involves making an inventory of green spaces and compiling an object passport. The second stage involves making real-time changes such as planting, pruning, uprooting a stump, damage due to natural disasters, etc. Thus, there is a database of green plants at any point in time and a chronology of plant care. By incorporating green spaces into the National Spatial Data Infrastructure (NSDI) using consistent methods, we can better understand their impact. Digital topographic data is essential in geoinformation systems for making informed management decisions, creating and maintaining cadastres for various purposes. Scientific novelty and practical significance: The issues of accounting for green spaces in settlements are becoming quite acute in the modern world. Equally important is the issue of maintaining the relevance of the data obtained. The geoportal, "Monitoring of green spaces in the city of Odesa," implements a permanent system of continuous observations to update the geospatial data of green spaces, and tracks changes for each individual tree. This will help in making management decisions regarding urban greening, significantly reduce budget costs for green management in the future, and control the quantity and quality of the work performed.

Volunteered Geographic Information (VGI) in Spatial Data Infrastructure (SDI) Continuum

Spatial data infrastructure (SDI) is a system that supports the management and use of geospatial data and related resources. It involves the creation and maintenance of a network of organizations, people, and technology that enables the sharing of geospatial data across sectors and stakeholders. In recent years, the growth of geospatial data and the increasing reliance on it by various sectors has led to the emergence of new trends in SDI, such as the use of cloud computing and big data analytics, the integration of geospatial data with other types of data, and the emphasis on open data and data interoperability. Volunteered geographic information (VGI) refers to geospatial data that is collected and contributed by individuals or groups, rather than traditional sources using the application of web 2.0 and location based applications, social media, mobile devices or say citizens as the censors. Crowdsourcing in geospatial data generation concept of VGI has changed the traditional concept of SDI having one way relationship as producers and users to the user driven SDI, where user create diverse, high quality data (spatial, temporal, attribute) and also use the data interoperable, transparently, world widely and free of cost. Various authors have discussed about the application of VGI in the world of the digital data and also point outs the possibility of integration of VGI in SDI as the starting of the new generation of SDI in the form of Global GIS platform, Data Spaces, System of Systems (SoS), Geoverse, Digital Earth, Digital Twin, Virtual Geographic Environment (VGEs). However, there exists multiple VGI challenges such as data quality, data structure, data differentiation, data copyright, and data confidentiality and privacy, but with the proper cooperation and partnerships, policy and legal arrangements, standard developments, financial arrangements, inter/intra communication and added advantages of web 3.0, concept of Global Digital Ecosystem containing Geoverse, SDI and SoS is possible. Hence, VGI is the present and also the future in this SDI continuum.

Geographical access to specialized behavioral health treatment programs for U.S. active duty service members and military families from military installations

Active duty service members and their families have unique behavioral health care service needs. The purpose of this study is to determine geographical access to specialized behavioral health programs tailored to active duty U.S. service members and military families from military installations. This study generated network distance measures between active duty military installations and licensed substance use disorder (SUD) treatment facilities and mental health treatment facilities for 2015–2018 using data from national surveys administered by the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration and coordinates for active duty military installations from the Defense Installation Spatial Data Infrastructure Program. Using regression analysis, we calculated the share of installations that are at-risk of being remote from behavioral healthcare services. Separately, we calculated the share of treatment facilities accepting military insurance that offer specialized programs for active duty service members and/or military families within a 30-minute drive to an installation. Three out of 10 installations were at-risk of being remote from a behavioral health treatment facility. About 25 percent of behavioral health treatment facilities accepting military insurance within a 30-minute drive to an installation offered a specialized treatment program for active duty military or military families. Lack of a specialized treatment programs could suggest facilities may not be equipped to manage stressors unique to being in the military, and as a consequence, could adversely impact the health and well-being of this population. Further research is necessary to understand what specialized treatment programs for military populations entail.

NURTURING TALENTS OF GEOMATICS SURVEYORS TO MEET THE CHALLENGES OF LAND SUPPLY, WORKS PROJECTS AND SMART CITY OF HONG KONG

Abstract. The challenges brought by a growing number of large-scale land development projects (e.g., Northern Metropolis, Lantau Tomorrow, and related infrastructures) in Hong Kong must be met by innovative land acquisition planning and processes. A recent quick win solution to land supply for Works projects has been in trial commissioning the provisional draft land resumption plan preparations and related survey works from the government to consultants, specifically the Authorized Land Surveyor (ALS) in the private sector. The industry therefore must consider the necessary and diverse sources of expertise available, and the existing land surveying technical resources that will render support to such new initiatives. Collaboration is called for between the spheres of public sector, education, and works industry to successfully move the use of cadastral survey for land management forwards, bridging the gap between lands and works practices for efficient processing of Works projects, and smart city development of Hong Kong.This paper will examine the new approach of professional surveying that private practicing ALSs bring, and why the overall number of ALS and engineering surveyors in the construction industry is growing so slowly. It will additionally compare Hong Kong's practice with that of the mainland China, Singapore, and the UK to grasp global learning points. The paper recommends the establishment of a Cadastral Survey Lab (CSL) firstly to explore the policy implementation of a sound cadastral system. The processing of lot boundary determination by ALS is reviewed. The regulatory roles of the Land Survey Authority (LSA) are requested in approving new land boundary plans; this both replaces the Demarcation District (DD) Sheet boundary and improves land boundary records. Secondly, the CSL can serve as a coordinating body in curating various kinds of land records from diverse sources, and aids the research and knowledge management of cadastral survey, land law, land tenure, land registration systems, land boundary record keeping, problematic lot boundary determination, etc. These topics can be considered in the refining geomatics education curriculum, and furthermore developed into guidance notes for geomatics survey practitioners.The evolution of the traditional land surveying profession into the geomatics services has become a recent international trend that is growing in popularity in the survey profession. Combining geo-spatial data from the planning and design stages, alongside the use of standardised survey data processing in project implementation and asset management, would encourage data sharing, avoid duplicate efforts, and facilitate the formation of a digital city. The spectrums of geomatics education in universities should be widened with a refined curriculum on combining geomatics with cadastral survey that has evolved from the traditional lot boundary survey to multi-purpose cadastre, city information modelling, urban informatics, smart city administration, and a full-blown Spatial Data Infrastructure (SDI).

Spatial data trusts: an emerging governance framework for sharing spatial data

ABSTRACT Data Trusts are an important emerging approach to enabling the much wider sharing of data from many different sources and for many different purposes, backed by the confidence of clear and unambiguous data governance. Data Trusts combine the technical infrastructure for sharing data with the governance framework of a legal trust. The concept of a data Trust applied specifically to spatial data offers significant opportunities for new and future applications, addressing some longstanding barriers to data sharing, such as location privacy and data sovereignty. This paper introduces and explores the concept of a ‘spatial data Trust’ by identifying and explaining the key functions and characteristics required to underpin a data Trust for spatial data. The work identifies five key features of spatial data Trusts that demand specific attention and connects these features to a history of relevant work in the field, including spatial data infrastructures (SDIs), location privacy, and spatial data quality. The conclusions identify several key strands of research for the future development of this rapidly emerging framework for spatial data sharing.

The use of UAVs in supporting the preservation of the industrial and mining heritage in the Ruhr area

Over the last decades, all hard coal mines (the last one in 2018) and many industrial facilities (e.g. coking plants, steel mills) have been closed in the Ruhr region as part of an ongoing, long-term transition process. The centuries-old mining tradition is nevertheless very much embedded in the population. For this reason, the monuments of the industrial age are regarded as defining, identity-forming landmarks that must be preserved as original as possible in the future - not only in the Ruhr region, but also in many comparable regions in Germany (e.g. Saarland, Ibbenbüren or the Aachen area) and worldwide. Extreme weather conditions caused by the fast progressing climate change are affecting these structures of disused steel mills or coking plants. Cracks, paint spalling and other material damage develop, making expensive refurbishment or, in the worst case, demolition necessary. Climate change also affects the subsoil and thus the stability of the facilities by negative environmental influences such as drought or moisture. As part of a feasibility study, the Research Center of Post-Mining is developing an innovative method for non-destructively assessing the condition of monuments of industrial and mining heritage. UAVs (Unmanned Aerial Vehicle) equipped with optical, thermal and multispectral sensors are being used for the first time for this purpose. They collect high precision and high-resolution data, which is viewed and fused together, making it possible to model the complex buildings comprehensively in 3D (+ time) and to examine them for possible damage. In the long term, the highly accurate 3D-models with all their information will be integrated into the spatial data infrastructure of the Ruhr Regional Association (RVR) and thus made available to a broad public and experts from the fields of history, architecture or monument preservation.

Assessing SDI Implementation Scenarios to Facilitate Emergency Mapping Operations in the Dominican Republic

The Dominican Republic (DR) is a small island developing state (SIDS) highly exposed to disaster-risk phenomena, such as earthquakes, hurricanes, etc. The Spatial Data Infrastructure (SDI) enables coordination and sharing of spatial information and services from multiple sources, while emergency mapping operations (EMO) help decision-makers build a common operational picture (COP) of impacted communities. Assessment of future scenarios for SDI implementation to meet emergency mapping goals requires the consideration of a wide range of stakeholders with different objectives. We make use of multi-actor multi-criteria analysis (MAMCA) in the case study of DR to evaluate government, private sector, emergency mapping team (EMT), and academia perspectives of three governance scenarios (Going-Concern, Increasing-Hierarchy, and Increasing-Network) for SDI implementation. Our findings suggest that the ‘Increasing Network’ scenario is the most suitable for SDI implementation. A well-coordinated inter-organizational network through a SDI should empower more stakeholders to participate in EMO. This work highlighted the increase of public-private partnerships as a key criterion to share costs and efforts to effectively support emergency mapping tasks. Findings reported herein could assist decision-makers in designing roadmaps to enhance SDI implementation in the DR. This knowledge will also support future studies/practices in other SIDS, which share similar natural hazards and development issues.