Spark Program Research Articles

DAG-Based Formal Modeling of Spark Applications with MSVL

Apache Spark is a high-speed computing engine for processing massive data. With its widespread adoption, there is a growing need to analyze its correctness and temporal properties. However, there is scarce research focused on the verification of temporal properties in Spark programs. To address this gap, we employ the code-level runtime verification tool UMC4M based on the Modeling, Simulation, and Verification Language (MSVL). To this end, a Spark program S has to be translated into an MSVL program M, and the negation of the property P specified by a Propositional Projection Temporal Logic (PPTL) formula that needs to be verified is also translated to an MSVL program M1; then, a new MSVL program “M and M1” can be compiled and executed. Whether program S violates the property P is determined by the existence of an acceptable execution of “M and M1”. Thus, the key issue lies in how to formalize model Spark programs using MSVL programs. We previously proposed a solution to this problem—using the MSVL functions to perform Resilient Distributed Datasets (RDD) operations and converting the Spark program into an MSVL program based on the Directed Acyclic Graph (DAG) of the Spark program. However, we only proposed this idea. Building upon this foundation, we implement the conversion from RDD operations to MSVL functions and propose, as well as implement, the rules for translating Spark programs to MSVL programs based on DAG. We confirm the feasibility of this approach and provide a viable method for verifying the temporal properties of Spark programs. Additionally, an automatic translation tool, S2M, is developed. Finally, a case study is presented to demonstrate this conversion process.

하늘고등학교 학교조직기술 활용에 관한 사례 연구

The purpose of this study is to analyze cases of the use of school organizational technology at Haneul High School based on four types of organizational technology proposed by Perrow: daily technology, artisan technology, engineering technology, and non-routine technology. According to the school management policy based on the principal's educational philosophy, Haneul High School used school organizational technology for each type of organizational technology proposed by Perrow to improve the quality of teaching and learning centered on the student career-selective curriculum.
 The results of the case analysis on the use of Haneul High School's school organizational technology are as follows. The first is the use of routine technology. 1) The classroom tour, 2) the sound of bells during class, and 3) the operation of the Morning Spark program were organized into regular routines. The second is the use of craft technology. 1) Starting with the perception of the class, 2) the class consulting system, 3) the class survey and awards for class reflection, 4) the principal and the staff for curriculum reflection, and 5) the Teacher's Research Forum (TRF) for educational reflection were continuously operated. Third, it is the use of engineering technology. 1) (Standard) The Diploma system (graduation certificate) was operated as a certified engineering technology area, 2) the CNSA-net operation as an information engineering technology area, and 3) the curriculum-friendly school space was designed as an architectural engineering technology area. Fourth, it is a nonroutine technology. For the smooth operation of the school organization structure, the "consultation system for communication and decision-making" was operated. As such, school organizations need to reasonably utilize school organizational technology based on the types of organizational technology (routine technology, craft technology, engineering technology, and nonroutine technology) according to the characteristics of the task.

In Silico Identification of Novel Derivatives of Rifampicin Targeting Ribonuclease VapC2 of M. tuberculosis H37Rv: Rifampicin Derivatives Target VapC2 of Mtb H37Rv

The emergence of multi-drug-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) strains has rendered many of the currently available anti-TB drugs ineffective. Hence, there is a pressing need to discover new potential drug targets/candidates. In this study, attempts have been made to identify novel inhibitors of the ribonuclease VapC2 of Mtb H37Rv using various computational techniques. Ribonuclease VapC2 Mtb H37Rv's protein structure was retrieved from the PDB databank, 22 currently used anti-TB drugs were retrieved from the PubChem database, and protein-ligand interactions were analyzed by docking studies. Out of the 22 drugs, rifampicin (RIF), being a first-line drug, showed the best binding energy (-8.8 Kcal/mol) with Mtb H37Rv VapC2; hence, it was selected as a parent molecule for the design of its derivatives. Based on shape score and radial plot criteria, out of 500 derivatives designed through SPARK (Cresset®, Royston, UK) program, the 10 best RIF derivatives were selected for further studies. All the selected derivatives followed the ADME criteria concerning drug-likeness. The docking of ribonuclease VapC2 with RIF derivatives revealed the best binding energy of -8.1 Kcal/mol with derivative 1 (i.e., RIF-155841). A quantitative structure-activity relationship study revealed that derivative 1's activity assists in the inhibition of ribonuclease VapC2. The stability of the VapC2-RIF155841 complex was evaluated using molecular dynamics simulations for 50 ns and the complex was found to be stable after 10 nsec. Further, a chemical synthesis scheme was designed for the newly identified RIF derivative (RIF-155841), which verified that its chemical synthesis is possible for future in vitro/in vivo experimental validation. Overall, this study evaluated the potential of the newly designed RIF derivatives with respect to the Mtb VapC2 protein, which is predicted to be involved in some indispensable processes of the related pathogen. Future experimental studies regarding RIF-155841, including the exploration of the remaining RIF derivatives, are warranted to verify our current findings.

Effects of the SPARK Teen Mentoring Program for High School Students

This study employed a randomized controlled trial with pre- and post-intervention measurement to investigate the impact of the Speaking to the Potential, Ability, and Resilience Inside Every Kid (SPARK) Teen Mentoring program on knowledge of the principles of mind, thought, and consciousness; communication, decision making, and problem-solving skills; emotional regulation; and resilience. The SPARK program is a resilience-focused social-emotional learning program designed to promote youth resilience, emotional well-being, and academic success. Study participants included 396 9th through 12th grade students from four high schools. Random assignment occurred at the classroom level and resulted in 12 classes (n = 200 students) in the intervention condition and 12 classes (n = 172 students) in the comparison condition. Students in the intervention condition received the SPARK intervention while students in the comparison condition continued with the regularly scheduled school curriculum. Results revealed that levels of knowledge of the principles of mind, thought, and consciousness; communication, decision making, and problem-solving skills; emotional regulation; and resilience increased for students who received the intervention and either decreased or remained unchanged for students who did not receive the intervention. Results from this study provide initial evidence for the efficacy of the SPARK program with high school age youth and demonstrate the positive effects of the program on the development of emotional and interpersonal capacity required for pro-social behavior and academic success. Considerations for future program development and evaluation efforts are discussed.

Sparking Interest in German through the Goethe/AATG‐sponsored SPARK Program

AbstractThe article discusses a year‐long outreach activity, “Sparking interest in German.” Five University of Utah German students engaged in the AATG/Goethe‐Institut‐sponsored SPARK program and taught German to local middle schoolers. At the heart of this outreach project were questions such as whether student‐run outreach programs could truly spark interest in German among middle school students and whether outreach projects administered via service learning or practicum courses offer our college students a viable academic experience. The article describes the structure of the program, student learning activities, and assesses whether the goals were reached. At the end of the project, parents, middle schoolers, and university students were highly satisfied with the SPARK program and recommended continuation of the program.

Construction of the HoPA’S Program in Children 11 Years of Age: A Pilot Study

Introduction: The alarming increase in Covid-19 cases has forced the government to implement movement control orders across the country. Due to these circumstances, the people's daily activities have been substantially affected, including those children. The pandemic has affected the children's activities, and they are unable to engage in outdoor and indoor activities. Moreover, the children's learning activities are also affected and need to be carried out through virtual education (PDPR). This virtual-based kind of learning will be more effective with guidance and support from the parents. However, this situation could lead to the feeling of stress and burdening the parents. Therefore, a systematic plan needs to be implemented to increase the children's physical activities and reduce the burden on parents during PDPR. Objective: The development of the HoPA’S Program (Home-Based Physical Activity) to increase physical activities among school children during the PDPR. In addition, the development of this program is a planned and systematic activity that will help children freely express ideas, especially in Physical Education or during Co-curriculum activities. Methodology: In this study, the validity of the content of the SPARK program is based on the construction model of Sidek and Jamaludin (2005). The HoPA’S Program content creation process begins with the objective and concludes with a draft union. In the initial stages of the content development of the program, researchers determine the purpose, objective of this program, and the appropriate types of activities that are applied to enhance the students' physical activities. Therefore, the development of the HoPA’S Program is through 2 phases, namely program construction and validity of the content. Research findings: Thus, the results of the expert assessment on HoPA’S Program contents have a high content legality value of .86. Therefore, this value can be explained that the HoPA’S Program is highly relevant to the learning and teaching process for Physical Education subjects and co-curricular activities. In conclusion, the program is expected to provide opportunities for children to undergo natural learning through cognitive, social theories that contribute to the learning and teaching process of Physical and Health Education subjects and their considerable impact on children's physical activity.

A New Prognostic Model for Radiation-Based Hepatocellular Carcinoma Treatment

Background: There are no clinical staging models based on radiotherapy for HCC. Existing models of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) staging may not predict the prognosis of radiotherapy perfectly. Therefore, in this study, we created a new staging model for radiotherapy-based treatment for the prognostic classification of HCC. Methods: This multicenter cohort study included 1191 patients with HCC. The training cohort included 658 patients, who underwent stereotactic body radiotherapy, and the external validation cohort included 533 patients, who underwent intensity-modulated radiotherapy. The new staging model, and existing Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer (BCLC), TNM, and China Liver Cancer (CNLC) staging systems, were used for prognostic analyses. Patients with HCC treated with radiotherapy were separated into different stages and substages. Long-term overall survival outcomes and time-dependent receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were analyzed. Findings: In the training cohort, the median follow-up time was 60·0 months (range, 6–100 months). The new staging model could separate patients into different stages with four notably different curves, and substage s with seven notably different curves. The BCLC, TNM, and CNLC staging systems could not differentiate among all the stages. In the external validation cohort, the median follow-up time was 58·0 months (range, 6–120 months). The new staging system showed discriminatory ability similar to the training cohort and a better area under the curve of time-dependent ROC compared to BCLC, TNM, and CNLC staging in the entire cohort. Interpretation: The modified staging model showed good discriminatory ability to separate patients into different stages and substages after radiotherapy and may supplement other HCC staging systems. Funding Information: National Natural Science Foundation of China (81903257); China International Medical Foundation-Tumor Precise Radiotherapy Spark Program (2019-N-11-01); Guangxi Natural Science Foundation (2020GXNSFAA297171); Guangxi BaGui Scholars’ Special Fund; Guangxi Medical University Training Program for Distinguished Young Scholars; High-level innovation team and outstanding scholar program in Guangxi Colleges and Universities. Declaration of Interests: The authors declare no conflict of interest. Ethics Approval Statement: The study protocol conforms to the ethical guidelines of the 1975 Declaration of Helsinki as reflected in a priori approval by the Ethics Committees of Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital and the respective institutions (LW2021008). Written informed consent was obtained from each patient included in the study.

Execution Repair for Spark Programs by Active Maintenance of Partition Dependency

Spark programs typically codify to reuse some of their generated datasets, called partition instances, to make their subsequent computations complete in a reasonable time. At runtime, however, the underlying Spark platform may independently delete such instances or accidentally cause these instances inaccessible to the program executions. Those instances will invalidate the computation assumption made in writing these programs that such depending instances are present, which leads performance bloat and even breaks the executions. In this paper, we present FAR, a novel and effective framework to handle such performance bloat and actively repair the executions by maintaining the instance dependencies in Spark program executions. FAR monitors the partition instance lifecycle activities at all levels, and determines from the execution plan of the current Spark action in the current program execution on whether a partition instance will have a dependency relation with a later one underlying the computation of that action. The experimental results showed that with the active execution repair mechanism of FAR, when some dependency partition instances were inaccessible, programs can achieve 7.3x to 67.0x speedup in re-generating them. The results also interestingly revealed that the program executions actively repaired by FAR can run to successful completion in environments with 1.7x-2.0x fewer available memory.

An investigation of physical activity promotion plans for female students: Action research on SPARK program based soccer class

Purpose The purpose of this study is to explore the physical activity promotion plans for female student by revising and supplementing the SPARK program which is actively applied as a P.E physical activity improvement program recently. Methods To achieve this, this study followed the custom of action research and apprehended problem in female students' physical activity in SPARK soccer program(first action and examination), problem solving plan(replanning), execution and evaluation of replanned SPARK soccer program (second action and evaluation). The collection and analysis of data was conducted by sequential explanation strategy. Specifically, the study utilized 3 dimensional accelerometer to measure the physical activity in P.E class, and collected data which could apprehend the experience of students by utilizing qualitative study tools(observation, class note, interview). To analyze the collected data, the study utilized mixed-methods study analysis method developed by Greene(2007). Results The study results are as follows. As for the result of first action(October~November 2014), SPARK program increases the entire physical activity in P.E class, but the female students' activity was relatively lower than male students'. The reasons for lower physical activity of female students' were unmotivated class, burdensome class, alienated class. These were specified into teaching strategy to replan and execute the second action (May~June 2015). Compared to first action, the second action showed positive physical activity, and the MVPA of female students' showed statistical difference (<.01). As for the result of qualitative analysis, the positive grounds of second action are 1) motivative resource like "necessity", 2)hard but meaningful learning activity, and 3)kind P.E teacher. Conclusions In conclusion, the implementation of a soccer class with a modified supplement to the SPARK program can enhance physical activity of female middle school students.

SPARK 프로그램 경험 유무에 따른 초등학생들의 뇌파 및 두뇌활용능력 차이

본 연구에서는 SPARK 프로그램의 경험 유무에 따른 초등학생들의 뇌파와 두뇌활용능력의 차이를 검증하는데 목적이 있다. 이 연구의 대상자는 A시 소재 B초등학교 5학년 학생들 중에서 연구의 취지에 동의한 31명이다. 15명의 실험집단과 16명의 통제집단을 대상으로 하여 SPARK 프로그램의 경험 여부에 따른 초등학생들의 뇌파와 두뇌활용능력 의 차이를 공분산을 통해서 검증하였다. 이 연구의 교육적 시사점은 다음과 같다. 첫째, SPARK 경험 여부에 따른 뇌파의 차이를 분석한 결과 실험집단에서는 이완을 나타내는 Theta파는 감소하였으며, 더 높은 고도의 인지적 활동이 필요한 학습이나 집중력이 요구될 때 나타나는 뇌파들인 안정상태 Gamma파, 좌뇌의 Alpha, SMR, Gamma파와 우뇌의 Alpha, SMR, M-Beta, H-Beta, Gamma들이 높아지는 것으로 나타났다. 둘째, SPARK 경험 여부에 따른 두뇌활용능력을 분석 한 결과 실험집단의 두뇌활용능력 중 인지속도, 집중력에 긍정적인 영향을 주어 인지능력 향상에 도움을 주는 것으로 나타났다. 그리고 실험집단의 두뇌활용능력 중 스트레스 지수 향상에도 도움을 주었으며 두뇌활성도에서 균형을 잡는데 긍정적인 영향을 주었다.

Improved Digital Therapy for Developmental Pediatrics Using Domain-Specific Artificial Intelligence

Automated emotion classification could aid those who struggle to recognize emotion, including children with developmental behavioral conditions such as autism. However, most computer vision emotion recognition models are trained on adult affect and therefore underperform when used on child faces. In this study, we designed a strategy to gamify the collection and the labeling of child affect data in an effort to boost the performance of automatic child emotion detection to a level closer to what will be needed for digital healthcare approaches. We leveraged our prototype therapeutic smartphone game, GuessWhat, which was designed in large part for children with developmental and behavioral conditions, to gamify the secure collection of video data of children expressing a variety of emotions prompted by the game. Independently, we created a secure web interface to gamify the human labeling effort HollywoodSquares, tailored for use by any qualified labeler. We gathered and labeled 2,155 videos, 39,968 emotion frames, and 106,001 labels on all images. With this drastically expanded pediatric emotion centric database (>30x larger than existing public pediatric affect datasets), we trained a pediatric emotion classification convolutional neural network (CNN) classifier of happy, sad, surprised, fearful, angry, disgust, and neutral expressions in children. The classifier achieved 66.9% balanced accuracy and 67.4% F1-score on the entirety of CAFE as well as 79.1% balanced accuracy and 78.0% F1-score on CAFE Subset A, a subset containing at least 60% human agreement on emotions labels. This performance is at least 10% higher than all previously published classifiers, the best of which reached 56.0% balanced accuracy even when combining “anger” and “disgust” into a single class. This work validates that mobile games designed for pediatric therapies can generate high volumes of domain-relevant datasets to train state of the art classifiers to perform tasks highly relevant to precision health efforts. Funding Statement: This work was supported in part by funds to DPW from the National Institutes of Health (1R01EB025025-01, 1R21HD091500- 01, 1R01LM013083), the National Science Foundation (Award 2014232), The Hartwell Foundation, Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation, Coulter Foundation, Lucile Packard Foundation, the Weston Havens Foundation, and program grants from Stanford’s Human Centered Artificial Intelligence Program, Stanford’s Precision Health and Integrated Diagnostics Center (PHIND), Stanford’s Beckman Center, Stanford’s Bio-X Center, Predictives and Diagnostics Accelerator (SPADA) Spectrum, Stanford’s Spark Program in Translational Research, and from Stanford’s Wu Tsai Neurosciences Institute’s Neuroscience: Translate Program. We also acknowledge generous support from David Orr, Imma Calvo, Bobby Dekesyer and Peter Sullivan. P.W. would like to acknowledge support from Mr. Schroeder and the Stanford Interdisciplinary Graduate Fellowship (SIGF) as the Schroeder Family Goldman Sachs Graduate Fellow. Declaration of Interests: D.P.W. is the founder of Cognoa.com. This company is developing digital health solutions for pediatric care. A.K. works as part-time consultant to Cognoa.com. All other authors declare no conflict of interests. Ethics Approval Statement: All recruitment and study procedures were approved by the Stanford University Institutional Review Board.

RDFSpark: a new solution for querying massive RDF data using spark

The invasion of semantic data, the rapid growth of RDF data has brought significant new challenges in the querying of RDF data. On the other hand, Apache Spark is an open source distributed computing framework, characterized by its speed as MapReduce, Big Data processing has never been easier. In last years MapReduce solves problems at scales unimaginable a few years ago. But like any other tool, it remains limited. Several research works propose the querying of large volumes of RDF data using MapReduce as H2RDF, We find Spark which is more powerful and robust than MapReduce, and it is 100 times faster than MapReduce. In this paper, we present RDFSpark: a new distributed RDF query management based on Spark to ensure scalability, fault tolerance, and performance to solve low-efficiency problems for RDF data query. n this approach, a SPARQL query is analyzed first by the Parser, and compiled before being passed through a series of optimization techniques, then it will be translated to a Spark program. The results of experiments conducted on huge volumes of RDF data show that RDFSpark has a high querying performance.Â

SPARK 프로그램을 통한 초등학교 발달장애 학생들의 뇌기능 변화

이 연구에서는 발달장애 학생들을 대상으로 뇌파와 두뇌활용능력의 차이를 검증함으로써 SPARK 프로그램의 교육 적 의의를 탐색하는데 그 연구의 목적이 있다. 연구의 대상자는 A시 소재 D초등학교 3~4학년 학생들 중에서 ADHD 학생 경우 한국 주의력결핍과잉행동장애 진단검사(Korean Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder Diagnostic Scale: K-ADHDS)에서 90~110점 사이의 결과를 보인 학생과 뇌병변 학생을 대상 기준으로 비확률 적 표집(non-probability sampling)의 하나인 목적 표집법(purposeful sampling)을 적용하였다. 그 중에서 연 구의 취지에 동의한 13명을 선정하였다. 연구대상자들은 SPARK 프로그램을 적용한 실험집단 7명과 통제집단 6명 을 대상으로 SPARK 프로그램을 통한 발달장애 학생들의 뇌파와 두뇌활용능력의 차이를 검증하였다. 연구결과 SPARK 프로그램이 발달장애 학생들에게 주는 교육적 시사점은 다음과 같이 정리할 수 있다. 첫째, 실험집단의 유 발 뇌파 중 좌뇌와 우뇌 M-베타파가 높게 나타난 것으로 보아 SPARK 프로그램이 발달장애 학생들의 집중력을 향 상시키는 것을 알 수 있다. 둘째, 실험집단의 공간지각능력 집중력, 기억력 집중력, 두뇌활용능력 집중력이 높게 나 타난 것으로 보아 발달장애 학생들의 집중력이 향상되는 것을 알 수 있다. 셋째, 실험집단의 공간지각능력 스트레 스, 기억력 스트레스, 두뇌활용능력 스트레스도 높게 나타나는 것으로 보아 SPARK 프로그램은 발달장애 학생들의 적정수준의 스트레스 지수 향상에도 긍정적인 영향을 주었다. 넷째, 실험집단의 공간지각능력 우뇌활성도, 기억력 우뇌활성도, 두뇌활용능력 우뇌활성도가 높게 나타났다. 좌뇌와 우뇌가 골고루 발달할 수 있도록 후속연구에서는 좌뇌와 우뇌의 균형 있는 발달을 위한 SPARK 프로그램 구성에 대한 연구가 필요할 것으로 판단된다.

Фиктивные предприятия: найти и обезвредить

<span>В статье поднимается проблема распространения фиктивных организаций, возникших в процессе развития теневых явлений в экономике, по причине которых страна ежегодно несет огромные убытки и возникают недоимки в бюджете. Перечислены типичные признаки фирм-однодневок, показатели, указывающие на налоговые риски. Также авторами представлен генезис становления фиктивных организаций, проанализированы основные их типы и виды деятельности. Сделан вывод, что объемы и масштабы теневой экономики установить достаточно сложно, таким образом, по оценкам экспертов и информационных систем можно определить (с высокой долей погрешности) лишь примерное количество фиктивных организаций. На основе официальных данных (программа «СПАРК») показана динамика, отражающая тенденции по сокращению числа рассматриваемых фирм. В статье также предложены мероприятия по усилению этой тенденции.</span>

Development of spark program in 11 years old children: A pilot study

Pembangunan program SPARK (Sport Play Active and Recreation for Kids) adalah satu usaha untuk meningkatkan aktiviti kecergasan fizikal dalam kalangan kanak-kanak sekolah. Selain itu, pembentukkan program ini adalah merupakan aktiviti yang terancang dan sistematik yang akan membantu kanak-kanak melahirkan idea secara bebas terutamanya dalam pembelajaran Pendidikan Jasmani ataupun semasa aktiviti Kokurikulum. Dalam kajian ini, kesahan kandungan tentang program SPARK adalah berdasarkan model pembinaan modul Sidek & Jamaludin (2005). Proses penyediaan kandungan program SPARK (Sports Play Active and Recreation for Kids) bermula dengan pembinaan matlamat dan diakhiri dengan penyatuan draf. Pada peringkat permulaan pembinaan kandungan program ini, penyelidik menentukan tujuan, keperluan dan objektif utama program ini dijalankan serta jenis aktiviti-aktiviti yang sesuai diaplikasikan bagi meningkatkan aktiviti kecergasan fizikal pelajar. Oleh yang demikian, pembangunan program SPARK ini melalui dua fasa iaitu pembinaan program dan kesahan kandungan. Oleh itu, hasil penilaian pakar terhadap kandungan program SPARK (Sport Play Active and Recreation for Kids) ini, mempunyai nilai kesahan kandungan yang tinggi iaitu .78. Oleh itu, nilai ini dapat menjelaskan bahawa kandungan program SPARK (Sport Play Active and Recreation for Kids), adalah sangat releven digunapakai dalam proses pembelajaran dan pengajaran bagi subjek Pendidikan Jasmani, aktiviti kokurikulum mahupun aktiviti satu murid satu sukan dan ianya sangat sesuai untuk digunakan dalam kajian ini. Kesimpulannya, program yang diaplikasikan ini diharap dapat memberi peluang kepada kanakkanak menjalani pembelajaran secara semula jadi melalui sosial kognitif teori yang menyumbang kepada proses pembelajaran dan pengajaran bagi subjek Pendidikan Jasmani dan kesihatan bagi melihat kesan terhadap penglibatan aktiviti fizikal kanak-kanak. ______________________________________________________________ The development of SPARK (Sport Play Active and Recreation for Kids) program is an effort to improve physical fitness activities among school children. In addition, the development of this program is planned and systematic activity that will help children express ideas freely, especially in the Physical Education or during Co-curriculum activities. In this study, the validity of the SPARK program is based on the Sidek & Jamaludin (2005) module. The SPARK (Sports Play Active and Recreation for Kids) content creation process begins with the goal and concludes with a draft union. In the initial stages of the content development, researchers determine the purpose and objective of this program. Besides that, Researchers determine the appropriate types of activities are applied to enhance the physical fitness activities for the students. Therefore, the development of the SPARK program is through two phases, namely program construction and validity of content. Therefore, the results of the expert assessment on SPARK (Sport Play Active and Recreation for Kids) program content have a high content legality value of .78. This value can be explained that the SPARK program (Sport Play Active and Recreation for Kids) is highly relevant to the learning and teaching process for Physical Education subjects, co-curricular activities and it is ideal use in this research. In conclusion, the program is expected to provide opportunities for children to undergo natural learning through cognitive social theories that contribute to the learning and teaching process for Physical and Health Education subjects to see the impact on the involvement of children's physical activity. Keywords: SPARK Program (Sport Play Active and Recreation for Kids), Expert Validity, Physical Fitness Activity

An isolated SNM model for high-stability multi-port register file in 65 nm CMOS**Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos, 61404076, 61474068), the Zhejiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China (No. LQ14F040001), the S&T Plan of Zhejiang Provincial Science and Technology Department (No. 2015C31010), the China Spark Program (No. 2015GA701053), the Ningbo Natural Science Foundation (Nos. 2014A610148,

In modern microprocessors, the multi-port register file is one of the key modules which provides fast and multiple data access for instructions. As the number of access ports in register files increases, stability becomes a key issue due to the voltage fluctuation on bit lines. We propose to apply an isolated inverter to address the voltage fluctuation. To assess the register stability, we derive a closed-form expression of static noise margin (SNM) for our register file. The proposed SNM model can be used as a guideline to predict the impact of several register parameters on the stability and optimize register file designs. To validate the proposed SNM model, we fabricated a test chip of two-write-four-read (2W4R) 1024 bits register file in a TSMC 65 nm low-power CMOS technology. The experimental result shows that the stability of our register file cells with an isolated inverter improve the conventional cells by approximately 2.4 times. Also, the supply voltage causes a fluctuation of SNM of about 65%, while temperature and transistor mismatch cause a fluctuation of SNM of about 20%.

The comparison effects of eight weeks spark and frenkel exercises on static and dynamic balance in the blinds

Introduction: One of the most important human senses is vision, which its loss is causing many primary and secondary complications for physical and psychological health such as difficulties in static and dynamic balance. This study aimed to compare the effect of 8 weeks of Spark and Frenkel exercises training on the static and dynamic balance in blind people. Correspondence: Maryam Mazidi, MSc. Department of Sport Injuries & Corrective Exercises, Hormozgan University. Bandar Abbas, Iran Tel:+98 9381787230 Email: m.mazidi100@gmail.com Methods: In this quasi-experimental study, 30 blind people with no other disabilities aged between 15 and 49 years old were randomly assigned to three groups of control (n=10), Spark (n=10) and Frenkel (n=10). At first, a pre-test of static balances and dynamic balance were performed for all three groups; Spark Group received Spark program exercises and Frenkel group received Frenkel exercises for two months, with no intervention for the control group. After two months, the required post-test exercise protocols were performed. Data were analyzed using SPSS 21. Paired t-test, ANOVA, and independent t-test were used to analyze the data. Results: The results indicated that both Frenkel and Spark training programs had a significant effect on static and dynamic balance of the blind, but Frenkel exercises had a greater influence on the dynamic balance. Conclusion: It seems that Frenkel and Spark training program are useful and effective methods to enhance static and dynamic balance in bilind people.

Optimizing Interactive Development of Data-Intensive Applications.

Modern Data-Intensive Scalable Computing (DISC) systems are designed to process data through batch jobs that execute programs (e.g., queries) compiled from a high-level language. These programs are often developed interactively by posing ad-hoc queries over the base data until a desired result is generated. We observe that there can be significant overlap in the structure of these queries used to derive the final program. Yet, each successive execution of a slightly modified query is performed anew, which can significantly increase the development cycle. Vega is an Apache Spark framework that we have implemented for optimizing a series of similar Spark programs, likely originating from a development or exploratory data analysis session. Spark developers (e.g., data scientists) can leverage Vega to significantly reduce the amount of time it takes to re-execute a modified Spark program, reducing the overall time to market for their Big Data applications.

The Influence of SPARK Program in the Elementary Physical Education on the Health Related Physical Fitness and Physical Education Class Satisfaction

The Influence of SPARK Program in the Elementary Physical Education on the Health Related Physical Fitness and Physical Education Class Satisfaction

Effect of the SPARK Program on Physical Activity, Cardiorespiratory Endurance, and Motivation in Middle-School Students.

This study aimed to examine the effect of a 9-week SPARK program on physical activity (PA), cardiorespiratory endurance (Progressive Aerobic Cardiovascular Endurance Run; PACER), and motivation in middle-school students. 174 students attended baseline and posttests and change scores computed for each outcome. A MANOVA was employed to examine change score differences using follow-up ANOVA and Bonferroni post hoc tests. MANOVA yielded a significant interaction for Grade × Gender × Group (Wilks's Λ = 0.89, P < .001). ANOVA for PA revealed significant differences between SPARK grades 6 and 7 (Mean Δ = 8.11, P < .01) and Traditional grades 6 and 8 (Mean Δ = -6.96, P < .01). ANOVA also revealed greater PACER change for Traditional boys in grade 8 (P < .01) and SPARK girls in grade 8 (P < .01). There were significant interactions with perceived competence differences between SPARK grades 6 and 8 (Mean Δ = 0.38, P < .05), Enjoyment differences between SPARK grades 6 and 7 (Mean Δ = 0.67, P < .001), and SPARK grades 6 and 8 (Mean Δ = 0.81, P < .001). Following the intervention, SPARK displayed greater increases on PA and motivation measures in younger students compared with the Traditional program.