Spare Parts Supply Research Articles

Risk Management Strategy Implementation for Business Plan at Material Handling Rental Services Startup LogisMe

PT. LogisMe Berkat Bersama (LBB) is a Limited Liability Company (PT) engaged in the business of providing Business-to-Business (B2B) warehousing and logistics solutions. LogisMe has the tagline "One Stop Logistics Solutions" with end-to-end solution coverage starting from the provision of warehousing and logistics operational equipment such as forklifts, material handling and cleaning equipment, provision of spare parts and technicians in order to meet the maintenance needs of these operational equipment, warehouse racking design, warehouse and logistics operational consultant services to the provision of a digital platform for monitoring units rented by customers in real-time. This document outlines the implementation of a risk management strategy for the business plan of LogisMe, a Material Handling Rental Services startup company. The framework adopted is based on the ISO 31000:2018 standard and focuses on integrating risk manage. the report is returned to the risk mitigation supervisor to be checked that it has met the requirements and stored in the company's cloud repository, disseminated to all employees and company stakeholders. Monitoring is carried out to understand and prevent risks that occur as a strategy to gain a competitive advantage for the company.

Revolutionizing the Marine Spare Parts Supply Chain through Additive Manufacturing: A System Dynamics Simulation Case Study

This research investigates the potential of additive manufacturing (AM) to revolutionize the marine spare parts supply chain (SPSC). While AM has been widely explored in other industries, its application in the maritime sector remains limited. This study addresses this gap by comparing traditional and AM-integrated SPSC models using system dynamics simulation. By focusing on high- and low-value spare parts, this research highlights significant cost reductions and improved delivery times through strategic AM integration. Our findings demonstrate the potential of AM to enhance the efficiency and resilience of the maritime supply chain, particularly in remote environments.

High-temperature aging and long-term mechanical properties of polyphenylene sulfide composites for marine use

ABSTRACT Advanced polymeric composites and manufacturing techniques promote developments of marine structures significantly (e.g., spare parts supply chain of shipbuilding and maintenance). In this paper, the GNP/CF-PPS (graphene nanoplatelets short carbon fibre polyphenylene sulfide composite) samples are prepared by mechanically mixing CF-PPS plastic pellets and GNP particles. The mixed compound is 3D-printed by material extrusion additive manufacturing, and the bending mechanics test is carried out to explore how nanoreinforcement affects the ability of printed composites to perform under high temperature conditions. The results show that CF-PPS and GNP/CF-PPS samples have the highest flexural strength at room temperature. As the temperature rises to 260°C, the stiffness increases by 4.8% and 6.7% respectively, while the deflection decreases by 30.4% and 25.6% respectively. The characterisation results of scanning electron microscopy (SEM) show that the cross-sectional pores of CF-PPS samples after adding GNP are relatively reduced, indicating the improvement in the structural stability.

УПРАВЛЕНИЕ РЕЗЕРВАМИ ЗАПЧАСТЕЙ В МНОГОУРОВНЕВОЙ СТРУКТУРЕ ОБЕСПЕЧЕНИЯ НАДЕЖНОСТИ ТЕХНИЧЕСКИХ СИСТЕМ

The processes occurring in production systems are limited by agrotechnical requirements. The determining factor of the technological reliability of the system is the time of replacement of the failed element. The reliability of the system depends significantly on the ratio between the time of replacement of the failed element with a workable spare part and the allowable downtime in the operation of the production system. A set of spare parts and accessories should be considered as a kind of unloaded reserve. (Research purpose) The research purpose is formalizing the dependencies between the performance indicators of the spare parts supply system and optimizing the flow of applications for spare parts, taking into account their quality. (Materials and methods) It was noted that in order to assess the quality of spare parts and accessories on a certain date, it is advisable to fix three parts of the purchased batch of spare parts. The task of assessing the reliability of spare parts and accessories at an early stage of their use was formulated. (Results and discussion) It was found that for a batch of spare parts and accessories of poor quality, it is possible to make prompt decisions on complaints to the manufacturer of spare parts and their replacement. (Conclusions) It was stated that the processes of spending spare parts are stochastic. It was established that a set of spare parts and accessories is a kind of resource designed to improve the reliability of the functioning of technical systems. The availability factor of spare parts and accessories was proposed, taking into account the intensity of their failures during storage. The general reliability model should take into account: the strategy of replenishment of spare parts, the type of structure of the supply system, the type of failure model. Proved that the strategy of continuous replenishment of spare parts and accessories is effective. It provides, other things being equal, a higher value of the availability factor of spare parts and accessories.

Implementation of the Fp-Growth Algorithm on Spare Parts Supply Requests

Manufacturing companies rely on machines for operational activities to produce finished goods. Common factors constraining the demand and supply of spare parts are the high number of spare parts managed and irregular patterns of demand for spare parts. These varying quantities also require investment in spare parts inventory and longer response times than predicted. The research aims to apply the FP-Growth algorithm approach to find association rules and produce patterns of demand and supply of spare parts in lightweight brick manufacturing companies based on transaction data on demand and supply of spare parts from January – March 2023. The approach used is associated with the applied algorithm. In this research, the primary process of the FP-Growth algorithm is to create a combination of each item until no more combinations are formed using minimum support and minimum confidence parameters. Based on the results of making association rules using spare parts demand data from the machine maintenance department, it is stated that the regulations formed from processing the RapidMiner application with a confidence value of 100% recommend FD Regular Bolt spare parts, then the next rating with a confidence value of 94% is Steel Nuts, seven rules recommend Nuts. Steel. Therefore, it is recommended that FD Regular Bolts and Steel Nuts carry out safety stock to maintain stock availability and place them on shelves included in the fast-moving inventory category.

To assess Resilience of Russian cities under international sanctions and the consequences of COVID-19: a sociological study

The paper presents the results of in-depth interviews and a questionnaire survey of the Russian cites administration representatives about cities resilience under the sanctions pressure and COVID-19. The survey was conducted by the Center for Territorial Changes and Urban Development of IPEI RANEPA in March-May 2023, it was attended by representatives of the administration of more than 50 cities of the Russian Federation. We found overall situation as stable: social programs are being implemented in full, unemployment is decreasing, construction of municipal facilities continues, problems with failures in the supply of spare parts, equipment and components are being solved. At the same time, the sanctions have affected the urban economy in completely different ways: while in some cities show significant negative effect, in others the impact of sanctions is insignificant. Cites face number of new challenges: disruption of supply chains, refusal to supply paid equipment, inability to find analogues of imported equipment with the necessary characteristics, rising prices for spare parts. components and construction materials, the rupture of established sales channels to unfriendly countries, a drop in municipal budget revenues, etc. The heads of the city administration work overtime to solve emerging problems, organize interaction between enterprises, establish and deepen business contacts with friendly countries, put forward proposals to improve the situation at the federal level. New tasks successfully solved, although it requires serious efforts. To respond to new challenges, we need a new, more decentralized and local-oriented style of public administration, a process of well-established feedback.

Evaluation of critical success determinants to the implementation of additive manufacturing technology in the spare parts supply chain: a grey causal modelling approach

PurposeAdditive Manufacturing technology (AMT) is swiftly gaining prominence to induce automation and innovation in manufacturing systems. It holds immense potential to change supply chain dynamics by providing the possibility of printing objects on demand. This study thus formulates and analyzes the framework to incorporate AMT to handle the spare parts supply chain management (SPSCM) in capital-intensive industries by identifying and assessing the critical success factors (CSFs).Design/methodology/approachAssessment of the CSFs is performed using the novel Grey Causal Modeling method (GCM) with the objective of making SPSCM resilient and efficient. GCM conducts causal analysis by taking into consideration cause, effects, the objectives, and the situations.FindingsFindings indicate that; Logistics Lead Time (SD4), Time to manufacture (SD3), Management Support (SD11), and Risk Management (SD20) are the most prominent causal factor having a maximum impact when incorporating AMT in SPSCM. The results also reveal that the performance of manufacturing organizations that adopt AMT is substantially influenced by internal and external factors such as Management Support (SD11) and Government Regulations (SD16).Research limitations/implicationsThis research provides valuable information for getting the global spare parts supply chain equipped for the post-COVID age, where digital technologies such as AMT will be fundamental for bolstering supply chain resilience and efficiency.Originality/valueThis research proposes a framework for performance assessment when incorporating AMT in SPSCM. Study also demonstrates methodological application of novel Grey Causal Modelling technique using a real case in a spare parts manufacturing industry in India.

ОСОБЕННОСТИ ИЗНАШИВАНИЯ ВОССТАНОВЛЕННЫХ С ПОСЛЕДУЮЩИМ УПРОЧНЕНИЕМ КВДУ ЛЕМЕХОВ ОБОРОТНЫХ ПЛУГОВ

The widespread use of plows from foreign manufacturers has led to the need to develop a restoration technology with subsequent hardening of replacement parts of their working bodies, in particular plowshares, due to their intensive wear. The situation is aggravated by the fact that there are currently significant interruptions in the supply of spare parts for foreign tillage equipment and a significant increase in their cost. Existing technologies for restoring parts of this type do not provide them with a high service life, and therefore require improvement.The wear features of reversible plow shares restored using wear-compensating elements followed by carbide-arc hardening (CAH) were studied in this work. Production tests were carried out using the shares of the Lemken EurOpal reversible plow when plowing medium and heavy loamy soils. Spring sheets made of steel 65G, which had lost their elasticity, were used as the material of the compensating element. A multicomponent paste containing 65% matrix powder PR-Kh30SRNDYu, 25% boron carbide and 10% cryolite was used for CAH. The specific wear of the cutting surfaces of plowshares along the width was studied in three sections. The production tests carried out made it possible to establish that the increase in wear of the cutting surfaces of both serial shares in the delivery state and those restored with subsequent hardening of the highpressure unit with an increase in their operating time is subject to a linear relationship. The greatest wear, regardless of the operating time of the ploughshare, is in the heel area, the least wear is near the bit attachment area. Restoring the studied shares with subsequent CAH on the rear side makes it possible to increase their operating time to 76 hectares, which is on average 1.8 times higher than that of serial shares in the delivered state. The use of the proposed technology will help solve the problem of resource conservation and import substitution.

Analisis Pemilihan Supplier Suku Cadang dengan Menggunakan Metode AHP dan TOPSIS di Perusahaan Forwarding

The forwarding company that will be studied is a subsidiary operating in the logistics services sector of a State-Owned Enterprise (BUMN) company that provides forwarding and warehousing services. The company has 30 trailer trucks in operation so it needs a competent spare parts supplier to meet the company's needs. Currently, companies only pay attention to price as the main factor in choosing suppliers, which ultimately causes late deliveries from these suppliers. In addition to looking for the best suppliers that companies should choose, this research aims to determine the main criteria and main sub-criteria for businesses in the process of selecting spare parts providers. In determining the weight of each criterion and ranking of suppliers that companies should prioritize, the TOPSIS approach and AHP method are used in this research. There are 5 criteria and 15 sub-criteria as well as 4 alternative suppliers that are compared. The supplier with the highest weight after using Expert Choice 11 software and the AHP technique is supplier 1 with a weight of 0.421, supplier 2 with a weight of 0.164, supplier 3 with a weight of 0.12, and supplier 4 with a weight of 0.294. By using the TOPSIS approach, supplier priority is obtained, namely supplier 1 has a preference value of 0.9256, supplier 4 has a value of 0.5217, supplier 2 has a value of 0.1829, and supplier 3 has a value of 0.0180.

A digital twin-enabled digital spare parts supply chain

An efficient and effective spare parts supply chain management is crucial to ensure highly available production systems. However, achieving such a spare parts supply chain management is challenging due to the intrinsic characteristics of spare parts. Traditional spare parts supply chains (TSPSCs) adopt large spare parts inventories to tackle such intrinsic characteristics, with disadvantages in terms of high inventory costs. Recently, Additive Manufacturing (AM) has shown breakthrough potential, allowing the transition from TSPSCs to digital spare parts supply chains (DSPSCs), where spare parts are no longer stored in large amounts but are stored digitally and produced only when needed. However, despite DSPSCs benefits, a complete transition from TSPSCs to DSPSCs is still far from becoming reality. Indeed, hindering such a transition is a lack of expertise in three main areas, i.e. how to design, operate, and control and monitor a DSPSC. With this position paper, we envision how a digital twin (DT) could overcome these issues, enabling a full transition to a DSPSC. Moreover, this work further concretely suggests how such a DT could be developed, providing the basis for developing both the theoretical and practical knowledge necessary to render DSPSCs a reality.

ВЛИЯНИЕ НАДЕЖНОСТИ АВТОМОБИЛЕЙ НА ЗАТРАТЫ НА ПРИОБРЕТЕНИЕ ЗАПАСНЫХ ЧАСТЕЙ

The operation of road transport is associated with maintaining the serviceability of vehicles. Companies that operate vehicles have different approaches to ensuring their serviceability. Small ones, as a rule, carry out maintenance and repair of vehicles at service stations, while large and medium-sized companies provide conditions for carrying out technical service at their own base. In this case, they are faced with the need to stock with spare parts. It was found that the costs of spare parts account for up to 45 % of all operating costs, their reduction is possible with the correct approach to planning and organization of spare parts supply. This confirms the relevance of the research. As the main factor affecting the cost of spare parts purchasing, the authors proposed to consider the reliability of car units and assemblies. A regularity was established: the reliability of a vehicle decreases with the increase of its service life, while the need for spare parts and, consequently, the purchasing cost of spare parts increases. Spare parts stocks are planned in two groups – for maintenance and repairs. It is possible to plan the consumption of spare parts for maintenance based on the vehicle fleet and on the recommendations of the manufacturer, which regulates the frequency of replacement and the list of spare parts. It is advisable to plan the nomenclature of spare parts for current repairs based on vehicles reliability. Forecasting of spare parts stock based on reliability will allow to manage spare parts stock effectively, to minimize their shelf life and to avoid the purchase of unclaimed spare parts.

Operating minimally intelligent agent-based manufacturing systems across the Average demand Interval – coefficient of variation (ADI-CV) demand state space

ABSTRACT Minimally Intelligent Agent-Based Manufacturing concerns the provision of agents with the minimal intelligence required to autonomously negotiate and broker work across machines and jobs. The minimal intelligence of agents can be updated in real-time and when coupled with technologies, such as Additive Manufacturing (AM), robotics, automated inventory, and Computer Numerical Control (CNC) affords highly flexible, re-configurable, resilient and responsive systems. The concept has become topical as changes to global supply chains are necessitating a shift to responsive and resilient on-demand manufacturing. However, understanding and characterising how these systems operate under various demand profiles is required to support operators operating these future systems. This paper reports a numerical study into the operating behaviour of minimally intelligent agent-based manufacturing systems operating across the Average Demand Interval and Coefficient of Variation (ADI-CV) demand state space. An established state space used in spare part supply chain research. The results show minimally intelligent manufacturing systems are stable across much of the ADI-CV demand space 85%, 63% and 76–84% for constant, triangular and lognormal manufacturing time distribution profiles respectively. The stability is largely independent of the combination of intelligence. Rather, the combination of intelligence impacts job Time-in-System and system response.

A Simulation-Based Bayesian Network Approach to the Joint Decision of the International Transportation Mode and Safety Inventory Policy

Uncertainty in international transportation can have a significant impact on inventory costs and customer service levels in a global supply chain network. A very limited number of studies in the literature have addressed the international transportation mode and safety inventory policy (ITM-SIP) issues simultaneously. This study formulates the problem and proposes a simulation-based Bayesian network (SBN) approach for the joint decisions on ITM-SIP, where Bayesian networks are used to dynamically estimate international replenishment lead times for railway and maritime transportation modes. We implement our approaches in an international automotive spare parts supply chain experiencing fluctuations in its shipping supply market and with dynamic demand. For this joint decision problem, we build an international supply chain network simulation model in which the time-delay uncertainties of key bottleneck nodes in maritime and railway transportation routes are considered. The simulation experiment results show the performance improvement of the SBN approach in substantially reducing total costs and achieving service levels. We also provide insights into the value of decision tactics for responding to different fluctuation modes in the shipping supply market in the global supply chain network.

Case Article—Digitizing Spare Parts Supply Chain via 3D Printing: An Operational Cost Analysis

The case presents a sourcing problem and a manufacturing problem faced by an original equipment manufacturer, seeking recommendations for sourcing a diverse range of parts for high-voltage equipment, as well as making decisions on the manufacturing strategy for a component used in a water monitoring system. The case provides an opportunity to explore the qualitative and quantitative aspects of three-dimensional (3D) printing versus traditional manufacturing, specifically in terms of operational cost. Furthermore, this case facilitates discussions on the potential impact of 3D printing on supply chains. It is suitable for use in graduate and undergraduate courses, as it introduces key concepts such as manufacturing and inventory policies, queueing theory, and life cycle analysis. Ultimately, the case is designed to promote a deeper understanding of the challenges and opportunities that manufacturers face in today’s rapidly evolving technological landscape. Supplemental Material: The Teaching Note and supplemental data are available at https://www.informs.org/Publications/Subscribe/Access-Restricted-Materials .

Case—Digitizing Spare Parts Supply Chain via 3D Printing: An Operational Cost Analysis

Case—Digitizing Spare Parts Supply Chain via 3D Printing: An Operational Cost Analysis

Joint Optimization of Spare Part Supply and Opportunistic Condition-Based Maintenance for Onshore Wind Farms Considering Maintenance Route

Maintenance and inventory control of spare parts are of great importance for efficiently managing onshore wind farms. Considering the economic and graphical dependencies among wind turbines and the stochastic degradations of the components in the turbines, this article studies the joint optimization of opportunistic condition-based maintenance and spare parts supply for onshore wind farms to minimize the operation and maintenance cost rate. For each field maintenance, the specific turbines, with failed components, are selected for replacement using a clustering method, and the shortest route for visiting the turbines with failed components is scheduled. The maintenance team departs from a maintenance center with spare parts, maintains the selected turbines with failed or degraded components, and then returns to the center. This complicated and practical problem has never been considered as a whole in the literature. An optimization model is established, and a simulation-based approach is developed to solve it. A special case, for which a solution can be obtained by directly solving a nonlinear programming model, is provided to verify the results obtained by the simulation-based approach. Examples for various scales of wind farms are provided, and an analysis is performed for determining the length of a recommended maintenance interval.

Part transformation-based spare parts inventory control model for the high-tech industries

Timely and cost-effective supply of spare parts is the main purpose of spare parts inventory management and substitution is an effective way to fulfill demand on time. However, direct substitution of spare parts is not suitable for the high-tech industries due to the ever-changing nature of the product structures. Hence, parts should be transformed to be used as substitutes. This paper provides a novel spare parts inventory control model for the high-tech industries. In the proposed model, part transformation-based substitution is considered and the near-optimal values of spare part inventory levels (s, S) that minimize total cost are determined by using a simulated annealing-based simulation optimization approach. Computational analyses are performed for a hypothetical inventory system by considering transformation and no-transformation cases. The results reveal that transformation is very useful for the companies who endure long production lead times and high penalty costs associated with backorders.

Numerical Analysis of A Spare Parts Supply Chain With Additive Manufacturing

With recent successes, the use of additive manufacturing (AM) has shown to be a viable alternative for the production of high quality spare parts in remote military or humanitarian missions. However, effective methods for finding inventory policies in such multi-echelon networks with dual sourcing have so far been missing. In a numerical analysis, we confirm that the use of AM in downstream echelons leads to significant cost reduction, as well as reducing inventory levels. A key insight we obtain is that AM reduces the dependency of upstream stock outs, opening the door for efficient heuristics to optimize base stock levels, like the method presented.

A reliability-based methodology for resilient spare parts planning and control

Geo-political conflicts, financial crises, natural disasters, pandemics, human operational errors, and other disruptive events can affect supply chain integrity with unpredictable consequences. In addition, intermittent demand patterns and strict service requirements enhance the complexity of Spare Parts Supply Chains (SPSCs). SPSC resilience has become a significant challenge in today’s increasingly competitive business environment.This study presents a reliability-based methodology with a customer-oriented perspective to support industrial companies in spare parts planning and control. This original approach provides resilience to SPSCs by defining a statistical variable to study supply chain variabilities and externalities, aiding stockout risk control, and suggesting spare parts management plans. The application of the proposed methodology in a case study of a packaging machine company is illustrated.

Finite Element Analysis of SMC Core Magnetic Gear for Vehicle Powertrain Systems

The utilization of gears as intermediary components for power transmission in electric drive systems addresses the insufficiency of electric machines in handling torque loads effectively. Gears, commonly employed in the industry, can be either mechanical or magnetic, allowing for the balanced transfer of torque and speed at specified ratios. The mechanical and electrical actuation of in-vehicle accessories persists both in traditional and next-generation vehicles. Particularly concerning safety and the sustainability of spare part production and supply, various electrical accessories continue to operate at the 12 V level in modern vehicles. In this context, the use of the Lundell alternator (claw pole) also continues in next-generation vehicles. While the mechanical accessories are driven by a belt-pulley system connected to an internal combustion engine in conventional vehicles, in next-generation vehicles, both belt-pulley systems and x-drive by wire are present. The low efficiency and operational costs of belt-pulley power transmission systems necessitate the adoption of more efficient transmission systems. This study focuses on the development of a soft magnetic composite (SMC) core magnetic gear power transmission system that can serve as an alternative to belt-pulley systems in both traditional and next-generation vehicles. In the proposed system, mechanical power transfer to the Lundell alternator is realized through the intended magnetic gear. The gear ratio is determined to ensure a speed of 1800 rpm at the input of the Lundell alternator while the drive system operates at 6000 rpm. To achieve low volume and high efficiency for the proposed magnetic gear, the SMC material is considered, and a comprehensive analysis using the Ansys Maxwell finite element software is conducted. As a result of the analyses, in the magnetic gear designed with a transmission ratio of 3:1, when a torque of 11.7547 Nm is applied to the input shaft, a torque transmission of 35.9806 Nm has been achieved with an efficiency of 84.73% through the output shaft.