Availability Of Spare Parts Research Articles

Bayesian degradation modelling for spare parts inventory management

AbstractDecision makers in various sectors, such as manufacturing and transportation, strive to minimize downtime costs. Often, brief-planned stoppage times allow for changes in shifts and line configurations and longer periods are scheduled for major repairs. It is quite important to proactively make use of these downtimes to reduce the costs of unexpected downtimes due to failures. Among many aspects, the availability of spare parts significantly affects the operational costs of such systems. Current sensor technologies enable the condition monitoring of critical components and degradation-based spare parts management. This paper focuses on Bayesian degradation modelling for spare parts inventory management for a new system. We propose a stochastic dynamic program to minimize the expected spare parts inventory cost for a fixed planning horizon. A numerical example illustrates the value of Bayesian analysis in this management setting. The proposed methodology finds the optimal time between long stoppages and optimal spare parts order quantity when the prior information about the degradation process is accurate. The methodology can be used to analyse the sensitivity of the optimal solution to changes in the accuracy and bias of the prior distributions of the model parameters, the cost structure and the number of machines in the system.

Meningkatkan Kinerja Mesin Extrude Hydron Menggunakan Metode Preventive Maintenance

Background Hydron extrude machines in line 4 have a high enough total downtime, until the October 2019 period with a total of 264, 33 hours. Damage that often occurs in extrude machines from each Extrude Hydron engine subsystem, namely vacuum filter, vacuum hose and digital vacuum indicator. Aim to focus on steps to reduce damage. And from maintenance ensures the level of reliability and readiness while minimizing maintenance costs. Method on the extrude hydron machine is to use visual inspection and quantitative presentation. Results and Discussion Damage that occurs in vacuum filter components that often need to be caused by dust contamination, Automatic sensors (Limit Switch Piston, Pneumatic Limit Switch Cylinderr) are contaminated with dust particles. In repairing the damage that occurs is based on field conditions, so that the repair downtime is quite long due to the availability of spare parts and technical personnel. Conclusion in minimizing damage to extrude hydron machines using preventive maintenance

Web-based Parts Inventory Information System at Rizal Auto Workshop Palembang

This study aims to make it easier to find the availability of spare parts, after using the inventory information system can facilitate employees in collecting data on purchase transactions, can help in documenting indent data and consumer data information, data entry goods, transaction data, streamline time and provide solutions and accuracy in the report on incoming and outgoing goods. This system development method uses the Waterfall method, while it uses the system design method of Data Flow Diagrams (DFD), the test system used is a graphical user interface (GUI). The system is made based on web, using the PHP programming language. The results of this study can help leaders and employees to facilitate transaction activities and recap the report at the Rizal Auto Workshop Palembang.

Survey of Agricultural Power Units and Machinery Purchase Prices in Selected Locations of Kaduna State – Nigeria

This study was conducted to determine the purchase price of power units and machineries in selected major agricultural towns of Kaduna State (Kaduna, Zaria and Saminaka). Data for the study was obtained from a sample survey that was conducted in 2018 amongst the three selected areas of the state through a well structural questionnaire. It was deduced that 45% of the respondents believed that individual purchase of farm machinery were more often than non-governmental organization having 22%, while government organization and institutions both recorded 11%. The highest unit price of power unit was found to be 169,946.33 Naira/kW, and the lowest was 11,718.75 Naira/kW. Also the highest unit price of machines was found to be 1,500,000 Naira/meter, while the lowest was 70,000 Naira/meter. The research also explored, the most common factor(s) that affects farmers’ decision in purchasing agricultural machines and power unit. It was found that these factors include but not only limited to the cost of spare parts, availability of spare parts and ease of repair and maintenance. Results of this study also show that prices of power units and machines vary from one place to another. There was a non-linear relationship between price and machine width. These were due to the fact that there are other factors that influence the price of machine besides its width. These factors according to most of the respondents includes: make and model of machine, type of material used in construction and efficiency of the machines. It was also found out that the most common machine and power unit sold in the study area were harrow (23%), ridgers (23%), plough (18%) and planters (18%).

Discrete-event Simulation of Operation and Maintenance of Telecommunication Equipment Using AnyLogic-based Multi-state Models

Telecommunication equipment is a functional subsystem of railway transport which safety and efficiency are totally dependent on the reliable operation of utilized communication devices. Preventive maintenance is one of the most popular methods of ensuring the required reliability level of technological equipment on railways. The efficiency assessment of maintenance procedures implementation is done using the approved quality indicator of preventive maintenance. Whereas the availability coefficient is used for the quality estimation of the whole exploitation process. Generally, the calculation of the mentioned measures is performed on the basis of the statistical data about occurred failures. This method is characterized by significant advantages as well as obvious disadvantages in case of the lack or constrained obtaining of empirical data. Modern computer technologies allow automating and simplifying the estimation of the target quality indicators. However, it requires the development of proper mathematical support for such analysis. In the paper, we propose a simulation model of the operational process of railway telecommunication equipment with the opportunity of the estimation of the availability coefficient and the quality indicator of preventive maintenance in automated mode. The model takes into account sudden, fictitious and latent failures, the impact of spare parts availability and erroneous actions of service staff during maintenance, as well as periodicity and length of maintenance and repair for quality measures estimation. The model is built using the discrete-event approach with AnyLogic.

Forecasting spare parts demand using condition monitoring information

Purpose The control of an inventory where spare parts demand is infrequent has always been difficult to manage because of the randomness of the demand, as well as the existence of a large proportion of zero values in the demand pattern. The purpose of this paper is to propose a just-in-time (JIT) spare parts availability approach by integrating condition monitoring (CM) with spare parts management by means of proportional hazards models (PHM) to eliminate some of the shortcomings of the spare parts demand forecasting methods. Design/methodology/approach In order to obtain the event data (lifetime) and CM data (first natural frequency) required to build the PHM for the spares demand forecasting, a series of fatigue tests were conducted on a group of turbomachinery blades that were systematically fatigued on an electrodynamic shaker in the laboratory, through base excitation. The process of data generation in the numerical as well as experimental approaches comprised introducing an initial crack in each of the blades and subjecting the blades to base excitation on the shaker and then propagating the crack. The blade fatigue life was estimated from monitoring the first natural frequency of each blade while the crack was propagating. The numerical investigation was performed using the MSC.MARC/2016 software package. Findings After building the PHM using the data obtained during the fatigue tests, a blending of the PHM with economic considerations allowed determining the optimal risk level, which minimizes the cost. The optimal risk point was then used to estimate the JIT spare parts demand and define a component replacement policy. The outcome from the PHM and economical approach allowed proposing development of an integrated forecasting methodology based not only on failure information, but also on condition information. Research limitations/implications The research is simplified by not considering all the elements usually forming part of the spare parts management study, such as lead time, stock holding, etc. This is done to focus the attention on component replacement, so that a just-in-time spare parts availability approach can be implemented. Another feature of the work relates to the decision making using PHM. The approach adopted here does not consider the use of the transition probability matrix as addressed by Jardine and Makis (2013). Instead, a simulation method is used to determine the optimal risk point which minimizes the cost. Originality/value This paper presents a way to address some existing shortcomings of traditional spare parts demand forecasting methods, by introducing the PHM as a tool to forecast spare parts demand, not considering the previous demand as is the case for most of the traditional spare parts forecasting methods, but the condition of the parts in operation. In this paper, the blade bending first mode natural frequency is used as the covariate in the PHM in a laboratory experiment. The choice of natural frequency as covariate is justified by its relationship with structural stiffness (and hence damage), as well as being a global parameter that could be measured anywhere on the blade without affecting the results.

An approach for the techno-economic assessment of circular economy requirements under the Ecodesign Directive

At European Union level, the 2015 Circular Economy Action Plan establishes challenging yet achievable policy objectives. In this context, it is expected that a key role could be played by the Ecodesign Directive, among the most renowned legislative initiatives addressing the environmental impact of products. This policy has the potential to implement the circular economy principles into actual requirements at product level. To this extent, improvements are needed to the supporting analytical tool, the Methodology for Ecodesign of Energy-related Products. This paper focuses on the techno-economic aspects of this methodology, devising improvements such as the systematic inclusion of a) externalities (by proposing to account them as environmental fees to be added in the consumer life cycle costing), b) lifetime (by proposing to switch from the life cycle cost to the 'equivalent annual cost') and c) material consumption aspects (by proposing to determine the life cycle cost as a function of energy and material). These methodological improvements are expected to contribute enhancing the uptake of circular economy requirements in the Ecodesign policy, notably on product durability, on product reparability and capability to be refurbished, on spare parts availability, on product recyclability and on the reuse of secondary raw materials and/or components.

Using a novel hierarchical coloured Petri net to model and optimise fleet spare inventory, cannibalisation and preventive maintenance

Spare part availability is crucial to restoring inoperative platforms to the working state. Platforms failing during operation undergo corrective maintenance to replace failed components with spares. To reduce the frequency of this unplanned, corrective maintenance, platforms are inspected periodically and degraded components preventively replaced. Maintenance delays occur when spares are unavailable but cannibalisation can reduce these delays by allowing working components to be removed from inoperative platforms and used to restore other inoperative platforms. Fleets can be deployed across multiple bases that are served by one or more depots. Failed components that cannot be repaired at a base are sent to a depot for repair, along with associated requests for spares, which are satisfied by depot inventories.The management of fleet corrective and preventive maintenance, cannibalisation, spare inventories, provision of spares to bases and depots, and response of the depot to spare requests is a complex problem for fleet maintenance managers and critical to ensuring acceptable fleet performance. This paper presents a novel hierarchical coloured Petri net (HCPN) model of a fleet spare inventory system, which accounts for these issues alongside fleet deployment and mission-oriented operation. The application of the model is demonstrated using case studies of two example fleets.

Assessment of the potential of a circular economy in open economies – Case of Belgium

Interest from the research and policy community in the circular economy (CE) is growing. This research describes how the potential for a circular economy in open economies can be estimated by using different assessment methods. Methods and indicators have been selected that have a relevance for one or more of the public policy objectives for circular economy: Openness Index, economic structure, Balassa Index, value chain analysis, substitution potential of Sustainable Materials Management (SMM) strategies, waste treatment scenarios based on physical and hybrid Input-Output (IO) analysis. These methods differ in scope and degrees of complexity and are used at different assessment levels. The potential for a circular economy in this paper is assessed by evaluating the contribution to the public policy objectives for CE: resource efficiency, reduction of dependency on materials, competitiveness, creation of domestic jobs, reduced Greenhouse Gas (GHG) emissions. Results obtained by these methods are shown for Belgium and, in some cases, compared to the results of other countries to illustrate the differences between economies. CE activities (in response to public policy objectives) will enhance the ongoing trend of reducing the share of primary sectors in economies. The openness of an economy is expressed as the ratio of sum of import and export and Gross Domestic Product (GDP). Imported products add to the potential of domestic closed-loop circular initiatives like re-use, repair, remanufacture, recycling, but this will require knowledge about composition and spare part availability. Exported products are no longer available for these domestic CE initiatives, reducing the domestic potential for CE and the domestic export activity is vulnerable to CE activities abroad. Especially the increasing geographical distance in trade complicates the practical and legal barriers to close the loop. In open economies, both global and domestic substitution effects due to new circular economy policy initiatives are important to consider.

STRATEGI PENGEMBANGAN KUALITAS PELAYANAN UNTUK MEMENUHI KEINGINAN KONSUMEN PADA BENGKEL WIJAYA TOYOTA

This study addresses the complex problems in taking a decision to achieve corporate objectives, to improve the quality of consumer care services, as well as care services in accordance with the wishes of the customer in Workshop Wijaya Toyota (PT Wijaya Motor Lestari) in partnership with PT Astra International Tbk. This research is descriptive, assigning a sample of 100 customers. Data were processed in the qualitative methods using Quality Function Deployment and the result was displayed in a matrix House of Quality. The results show that strategies the workshop Wijaya Toyota applies to improving the quality of services are: the waiting room and toilet cleanliness, promoting warranty repair workshop, ensuring the accuracy of completion time of maintenance, speed of completion of the work, maintenance appropriate to their complaints, garage attendant explanation of maintenance, stock availability of original spare parts, direct workshop personnel explanation at the time of submission, garage attendant explanation upon delivery, transparent overall cost to be paid, reasonableness price of original parts, friendliness and courtesy officer spare parts, and workshop personnel direct contact.

Improving material efficiency in the life cycle of products: a review of EU Ecolabel criteria

PurposeMaterial efficiency encompasses a range of strategies that support a reduction of material consumption and waste production from a product’s life cycle perspective and which can help the transition towards a circular economy. The aim of this paper is to analyse the state of implementation of material efficiency requirements for products as set out in existing EU Ecolabel criteria, consider possible improvements, identify current limitations and describe potential or existing synergies with other EU policies and initiatives.MethodsKey concepts related to material efficiency have been provided and classified into three groups which are, in order of decreasing priority: reduction, reuse, and recycling/recovery. This classification system has then been used for the analysis of existing requirements set out for different EU Ecolabel products. This includes a description of potential environmental benefits, trade-offs, market barriers and risks. Material efficiency concepts have then been cross-checked with other EU policies and initiatives.Results and discussionLooking at EU Ecolabel criteria for 26 different product groups revealed a broad range of material efficiency aspects, some of which are influenced by the nature of the product group itself. Some material efficiency aspects were broadly integrated into EU Ecolabel criteria through complementary strategies (e.g. design for durability, recyclability, availability of spare parts, reversible disassembly and provision of information). However, ways to implement additional material efficiency requirements (e.g. minimum lifetime of products) should be sought further. A symbiotic relationship can exist between the EU Ecolabel and many policy tools in the sense that regulatory and standardisation frameworks can offer a robust basis for justifying the integration of material efficiency aspects in the EU Ecolabel, while the EU Ecolabel can explore and promote approaches targeted at front runners in material efficiency aspects in a voluntary manner.ConclusionsThe experience gained from implementing material efficiency aspects in the EU Ecolabel could serve as a reference for shaping design, communication or policy initiatives aimed at the promotion of a more circular economy. Attempts to quantify the impacts from material efficiency measures should be also integrated systematically in future research, with the support of tools like life cycle assessment. However, additional considerations of political, technical and socio-economic nature must be considered when assessing the relevance, feasibility and ambition level of any material efficiency–related requirements.

Luxury products for the circular economy? A case study of Bang & Olufsen

AbstractThis paper examines whether luxury products can support a circular economy. This is done through a literature review of luxury products and the links to circular economy, as well as a case study of Bang & Olufsen (B&O).The literature review revealed links between some of the core characteristics of luxury products and the circular economy. This included aspects such as the high quality, durability, service schemes, extended warranties, and large aftermarkets.The case study supports the links between the inner circles in the circular economy (maintenance, repair, and reuse) and some of the core characteristics of luxury products. B&O produces products with a long lifespan, has extended warranties, repair and service schemes, spare part availability for 8 years, an aftermarket, and leasing schemes. B&O also does reconditioning of components for its repair loop, conducts dismantling tests, marks plastic parts, and has a negative list that excludes certain hazardous components.

DETERMINATION OF CRITICAL COMPONENTS FOR NAVIGATION RADAR USING FUZZY FMEA AND TOPSIS

In determining the critical components and repair priorities, traditional FMEA still have weaknesses, which puts the traditional FMEA factor severity, occurance and detection at the same level of importance, despite the fact that have different levels of interest and importance weight FMEA assessment teams are ignored. In this study integrated fuzzy method in which the FMEA factor severity, occurance and detection assessed in the form of linguistics. At this fuzzy method, the weight of the assessment team FMEA interests are taken into account. To do perangkingan and priority repair used method Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution (TOPSIS) based on criteria such as level of risk, economic costs, availability of spare parts, maintenance of economic safety and personal abilities. Application of Fuzzy and TOPSIS method in the FMEA to determine the critical components and priorities of the various alternative repair elected to damage components applied to Sperry Marine Navigation Radar system, which is expected by the application of this method can improve operational performance KRI to keep the areas of national jurisdiction

Analysis of Monthly Maintenance Performance (P1, P3, P6) Commuter Line Dipo Depok

Monthly Maintenance Depok Commuter Line Dipo is a place of care that forms inspection, preparation, storage, maintenance, and repair of rings counted monthly with regular maintenance, where P1 (maintenance every 1 month), P3 (maintenance every 3 months), and P6 (Treatment every 6 boasts). To support Commuter Line maintenance activities, the availability of spare parts / components, quantity and quality of human resources, work equipment, inspection equipment, location, conditions and supporting facilities are sufficient to facilitate maintenance. In conducting maintenance, Depok Commuter Line Dipo Monthly Maintenance has problems, including lack of maintenance equipment and maintenance personnel in the dipo are still lacking, both in terms of quality and quantity. To overcome this problem the method used is to identify the needs of the facility based on the MI (Maintenance Instructions) as a guide in carrying out maintenance and calculate the needs of employees both in number and quality or competence that must be owned by maintenance personnel. From the results of the analysis of the existing problems it can be concluded that the completeness of maintenance facilities in the form of work equipment is still damaged such as compressors and battery changers, lifting jacks, hydraulic jacks, and monthly manure Dipo KRL Depok still needs 24 additional maintenance personnel, and there are 19 People who have not yet participated in functional training competencies. Therefore, it is necessary to add work equipment facilities and increase human resources, as well as improve the quality and quantity of human resources to improve the performance of Depok Commuter Line Dipo Monthly Maintenance

Analysis of Overall Equipment Effectiveness (OEE) on Engine Power Plant Performance

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ANALYSIS OF THE READINESS TOWARDS THE IMPLEMENTATION OF ISO STANDARD 9001: 2015 IN THE COMPANY OF HEAVY EQUIPMENT

Heavy equipment market in Indonesia is very large, the opportunity to increase heavy equipment business is wide open, and all competitors provide the best products and services for their customers. For this reason, companies need to develop an international standard system. The system is known as Quality Management System (QMS) and developed in ISO 9001: 2015 standard certification. ISO 9001 is a standard that contains the requirements of the Quality Management System issued by the International Organization for Standardization (IOS). Companies that become the object of research is heavy equipment company engaged in the sale of heavy equipment and after-sales service. The problem that is going on in this company is that there is a lot of down payment for the purchase of units and spare parts that cannot be billed due to the documents that are related to the purchase process, many of which are non-existent and also missing, besides that there are also many complaints regarding the availability of spare parts and service, this is one of the indirect impacts of not implementing QMS ISO 9001: 2015. The research objective is to evaluate the current condition of the Heavy Equipment Company and assess the readiness of the Company in meeting ISO 9001: 2015 standards. The method used is Gap Analysis requirements of ISO 9001: 2015. Calculation on Gap Analysis uses a checklist made based on the requirements of ISO 9001: 2015, and the results will show how much the readiness of the Heavy Equipment Company meets the ISO 9001: 2015 standard.

Perumusan Strategi Penguasaan Industri Maritim Untuk Memperkuat Pertahanan Negara

Natural resources and the strategic position of Indonesia in a cross position shipping lanes of the world contributed to having a great economic potential but also gives a serious impact threat. For that, it is needed a strong national defense in order to protect the sovereignty and territorial integrity of Indonesia. The overall defense system, involving the entire nation must be nurtured as directed. The national industry as one of the supporting components in the country's defense system should be controlled by domestic industry management, including the national industry in the sector of maritime transport means. Government's attention that supports the growth of maritime transport means is a great opportunity to boost the national economy as well as the preparations for war situations. Amid the possibilities and constraints, this study investigated the strategy for the control of the maritime industry to strengthen the country's defense. Mixed method research descriptive qualitative and quantitative SWOT analysis was used to investigate it. The study found that the strategy for the control of the maritime industry is to carry out the construction of port facilities, the construction of a fleet of ships made in the country, the formation of qualified human resources, to improve its management, ensure the availability of the main spare parts and improve shipbuilding capability, to optimize the benefits of sabotage principle to resolve banking policy which is still not very profitable to the industries.

Sustainability Challenge of Micro Hydro Power Development in Indonesia

Rural electrification using renewable energy is the best choice for many locations that far away from national grid. Many renewable energy project have been built for rural electrification such as micro hydro power plant (MHPP) and solar photovoltaic (SPV). Sustainability still the main challenge of off-grid renewable energy development for off-grid rural electrification in Indonesia. The objective of this paper is to review sustainability of micro hydro power development in Indonesia. The research method was done by field observation, interview with MHPP management, and reviewing some research about MHPP in Indonesia. Sustainability issues include various aspects that can be classified into 5 dimensions: technical, economic, socio-cultural, institutional, and environmental. In technical factors that lead to sustainability problem are: improper MHPP design and construction, improper operation and maintenance, availability of spare parts and expertise. In the economic dimension are generally related to: low electricity tariff and utilization of MHPP for productive use. In the social dimension are: the growth of consumer’s load exceeding the capacity, reduced number of consumers, lack of external institutional support. In the institutional side, it is generally related to the ability of human resources in managing, operating and maintaining of MHPP. Environmental factors that lead the sustainability problems of MHPP are: scarcity of water discharge, conflict of water resources, land conversion over the watershed, and natural disasters.

Modeling and long-term forecasting demand in spare parts logistics businesses

In order to provide high service levels, companies competing in the electronics manufacturing sector need to ensure the availability of spare parts for repair and maintenance operations. This paper examines the purchase life-cycles of electronic spare parts and presents a new way of modeling and forecasting spare part demand for electronic commodities in the spare parts logistics services. The presented modeling methodology is founded on the assumption that the purchase life-cycles of spare parts can be described by a curve with short term fluctuations around it. For this purpose, a flexible Demand Model Function is introduced. The proposed forecasting method uses a knowledge discovery-based approach that is built upon the combined application of analytic and soft computational techniques and is able to indicate the turning points of the purchase life-cycle curve. The novelty lies in the fact that the model function has certain characteristics which support describing and interpreting the demand trend as a function of time. The application of our methodology is mainly advantageous in long-term forecasting, it can be especially useful in supporting purchase planning decisions in the ramp-up and declining phases of purchase life-cycles of product specific spare parts. A demonstrative example is used to illustrate the applicability of the proposed methodology. Its forecasting capability is compared to those of some widely applied methods in business practice. From the results, the new method may be viewed as a viable alternative spare part demand forecasting technique in spare part logistics sector.

Model of delivery consolidation of critical spare part : case study of an oil and gas company

The availability of spare parts in oil and gas industry is very important to prevent the occurrence of very high opportunity cost, that is the loss caused by exploitation equipment which must stop because of unavailability of the spare part. This is done by providing safety stock with a very high service level that leads to high inventory costs. If the company wants to lower inventory costs, the choices are not to lower the service level but to lower the ordering cost. One of the components of ordering cost is the delivery cost. Exploitation facilities are usually located in remote areas so that the cost of delivery is high. In addition, many spare parts are supplied by the same supplier. Therefore, there is an opportunity to lower the cost of delivery of spare parts by consolidation. In this paper,mixed integer linear programming (MILP) model is developed to plan the procurement of spare parts so that inventory costs which include holding and ordering cost for spare parts can be minimized. The model has been verified and validated. Using this model the company can lower inventory costs of the spare part by 32%.