Spanish Survey Research Articles

Assisted reproduction in Spain, outcome and socioeconomic determinants of access

Research questionWe analyzed two questions. First, the effectiveness of public Assisted Reproductive Technologies (ART) in Spain compared with private ones, measured by the time since initiating ART treatment until achieving pregnancy, accounting for age and socioeconomic factors. Second, socioeconomic determinants of access to ART, referring primarily to financial means derived by employment, income, and wealth.DesignWe applied statistical models on data extracted from the national Spanish Fertility Survey from 2018. The first topic was analyzed by competing risk survival analysis conducted on a sample of 667 women who initiate ART treatment since 2000. The second, by a Bivariate Probit model conducted on a sample of 672 women older than 41 years who required ART services.ResultsThe first analysis raised that throughout the treatment, patients treated exclusively in private clinics had on average a higher cumulative incidence of becoming pregnant compared with patients who approached public clinics. The second analysis raised that both higher household equivalent income and higher education increase the likelihood of accessing ART in a private clinic and decrease the tendency of accessing public clinics or failing to access any service. Moreover, being single decreases the likelihood of accessing public clinics or ART services in general.ConclusionsLong waiting periods could be the main reason for the lower incidence of getting pregnant in public healthcare, explaining why patients choose private over public care. We develop a broader discussion over the extent of Spanish public funding of ART, the unequal medical outcome, and potential options for optimization.

Perception of Artificial Intelligence in Spain

This paper analyses the perception of Artificial Intelligence (AI) by individuals in Spain and the factors associated with it. It uses data from 6308 individuals from a 2018 Spanish survey. A binary logit regression model is formulated and estimated for the attitude towards robots and AI and its possible determinants. As main results are that a gender gap is detected, and that people have a negative attitude if they are not interested in scientific discoveries and technological developments and if AI and robots are not useful at work.

SARS-CoV-2 Vaccine Acceptability in Patients on Hemodialysis: A Nationwide Survey.

Patients on dialysis are at increased risk for COVID-19-related complications. However, a substantial fraction of patients on dialysis belong to groups more likely to be hesitant about vaccination. With the goal of identifying strategies to increase COVID-19 vaccine uptake among patients on hemodialysis, we conducted a nationwide vaccine acceptability survey, partnering with a dialysis network to distribute an anonymized English and Spanish language online survey in 150 randomly selected facilities in the United States. We used logistic regression to evaluate characteristics of vaccine-hesitant persons. A total of 1515 (14% of eligible) patients responded; 20% of all responders, 29% of patients aged 18-44 years, and 29% of Black responders reported being hesitant to seek the COVID-19 vaccine, even if the vaccine was considered safe for the general population. Odds of vaccine hesitancy were higher among patients aged 18-44 years versus those 45-64 years (odds ratio [OR], 1.5; 95% confidence interval [95% CI], 1.0 to 2.3), Black patients versus non-Hispanic White patients (OR, 1.9; 95% CI, 1.3 to 2.7), Native Americans or Pacific Islanders versus non-Hispanic White patients (OR, 2.0; 95% CI, 1.1 to 3.7), and women versus men (OR, 1.6; 95% CI, 1.2 to 2.0). About half (53%) of patients who were vaccine hesitant expressed concerns about side effects. Responders' main information sources about COVID-19 vaccines were television news and dialysis staff (68% and 38%, respectively). A substantial proportion of patients receiving in-center hemodialysis in the United States are hesitant about seeking COVID-19 vaccination. Facilitating uptake requires outreach to younger patients, women, and Black, Native American, or Pacific Islander patients, and addressing concerns about side effects.

P0968 - Women in urology: Spanish national survey

P0968 - Women in urology: Spanish national survey

Reported MPC in the presence of debt

We use information from the last wave of the Spanish Survey of Household Finances to study the influence of debt on self-reported marginal propensity to consume (MPC). We find an average MPC of 43% with indebted households having a smaller MPC than non-indebted households. This negative association increases along with the amount of debt. The MPC is lower for households that were subject to liquidity constraints in the previous year, and for those whose reference person is self-employed. The past relationship between income and consumption is also an important determinant of the MPC, as households that invest last year’s savings, or hold them for the future, have a lower MPC. These findings are in line with the predictions of precautionary saving models.

Household Food Metabolism: Losses, Waste and Environmental Pressures of Food Consumption at the Regional Level in Spain.

Dealing with an increasing population is challenging the global food system not only in productive terms, but also through the associated environmental pressures. A growing diagnostic effort is being made by global and national agencies. Innovative approaches are needed to support effective policy efforts. This study aims to illustrate the potentialities of the household metabolism approach in the diagnosis of the environmental pressures derived from household food consumption, using the Spanish regions and the effects of the 2008 crisis as case studies. The direct information concerning food consumption in physical terms provided by the Spanish household budget survey is used to estimate some relevant environmental pressures (food losses and waste along the food chain, as well as water and carbon footprint) for the Spanish food system at a sub-national level. These data are directly translated into differences in environmental pressures and compared with other dietary profiles. Furthermore, the physical information of environmental pressures is related to household socio-economic status, showing the potentialities of the association with household socio-economic information. Finally, our data illustrate with some examples how the economic crisis has acted as a driver of change in food consumption, promoting a better environmental performance at the cost of poorer diets.

Association of sleep duration with mental health: results from a Spanish general population survey.

The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the association of sleep duration and mental health among the general population. A cross-sectional study was carried out with an adult Spanish population sample between 16 and 64 years old. The information was obtained from data provided by a randomly selectedrepresentative sample of 505 adults stratified by age, sex, and geographic area. Participants were interviewed face-to-face in their respective households withquestions including sociodemographic characteristics, lifestyle, sleep duration, and the 12-item General Health Questionnaire to screen risk for poor mental health. The duration of sleep hours were grouped into the following categories:< 6 h, 6-7 h, and, > 7h. Regression analysis was used to assess associations between sleep duration and risk of poor mental health. A percentage of respondents 13.1% reported sleeping less than 6h. The analysis demonstrated a significant (p = 0.001) negative (B = - 0.512) relationship between hours of sleep and risk of poor mental health (GHQ-12), demonstrating that reduced sleep duration increases the risk of poor mental health. Sleep duration lower than 6 h is prevalent among the general population in Spain, especially among women and people who frequently use electronic devices. The results show that people who experience shorter sleep duration face a greater risk of poor mental health. These findings suggest that it is important to raise awareness of healthy sleeping habits, with emphasis on adequate sleep duration.

Does women's educational advantage mean a more egalitarian distribution of gender roles? Evidence from dual-earner couples in Spain

ABSTRACT In most Western countries, there is clear evidence of a reduction and even a reversal of the gender gap in education. However, there are doubts about the effect of this reversal on family life and about its impact on the distribution of gender roles within couples. Using data from the Spanish time use survey of 2009–10, this paper explores whether the improved education of women is translating to better occupations and higher incomes and whether it is related to a more egalitarian distribution of gender roles. The greater human capital that women are developing as a result of their improved education is being wasted because it is not reflected in better positions in terms of occupational class and income. The barriers of ‘doing gender’ also prevent a fully egalitarian division of roles, and only the most advantaged women are in couples with a relatively egalitarian division of time.

Socio-Emotional Variables Linked to the Consumption of Drugs amongst University Students of Social Sciences: A Pilot Study.

This descriptive and transversal study, carried out on an intentional sample of 211 subjects who were split in terms of their consumption of psychoactive substances over the last month and who were aged between 18 and 28 (M = 21.36, and SD = 1.90), aimed to explore the emotional intelligence, perceived socio-family support and academic performance of university students vis-à-vis their consumption of drugs and to examine the link between them. The goal was to define university student consumer profile through a regression model using the multidimensional Perceived Social Support Scale (EMAS) and the Trait Meta Mood Scale-24 (TMMS-24) as instruments, together with academic performance and gender. The results report alcohol, tobacco, and cannabis consumption rates that are above the levels indicated by the Spanish household survey on alcohol and drugs in Spain (EDADES 2019) for the 15–34-year-old age range in Castilla y León. A certain link was observed between the consumption of substances and academic performance, although no differences were seen in academic performance in terms of consumer type. There was also no clear link observed between emotional intelligence and academic performance or between social support and academic performance. The predictive contribution of the variables included in the regression model was low (9%), which would advocate completing the model with other predictive variables until more appropriate predictability conditions can be found.

Anticipated help-seeking for cancer symptoms before and after the coronavirus pandemic: results from the Onco-barometer population survey in Spain

BackgroundThe patient interval—the time patients wait before consulting their physician after noticing cancer symptoms—contributes to diagnostic delays. We compared anticipated help-seeking times for cancer symptoms and perceived barriers to help-seeking before and after the coronavirus pandemic.MethodsTwo waves (pre-Coronavirus: February 2020, N = 3269; and post-Coronavirus: August 2020, N = 1500) of the Spanish Onco-barometer population survey were compared. The international ABC instrument was administered. Pre–post comparisons were performed using multiple logistic and Poisson regression models.ResultsThere was a consistent and significant increase in anticipated times to help-seeking for 12 of 13 cancer symptoms, with the largest increases for breast changes (OR = 1.54, 95% CI 1.22–1–96) and unexplained bleeding (OR = 1.50, 1.26–1.79). Respondents were more likely to report barriers to help-seeking in the post wave, most notably worry about what the doctor may find (OR = 1.58, 1.35–1.84) and worry about wasting the doctor’s time (OR = 1.48, 1.25–1.74). Women and older individuals were the most affected.ConclusionsParticipants reported longer waiting times to help-seeking for cancer symptoms after the pandemic. There is an urgent need for public interventions encouraging people to consult their physicians with symptoms suggestive of cancer and counteracting the main barriers perceived during the pandemic situation.

The Effects of Early Onset Tranquilizers, Sedatives, and Sleeping Pills Use on Recent Consumption Among Adolescents.

Adolescents' consumption of tranquilizers, sedatives, and sleeping pills (TSSp) has increased during the last few decades, and TSSp are currently among the substances with the lowest age-of-onset. We characterized current-use patterns of TSSp consumers by age when first taken. This study used individualized secondary data retrieved from the 2016 Spanish State Survey on Drug Use in Secondary Education (16-18-year-olds), and included all subjects who reported having taken TSSp at any point, but excluded those who had started during the previous year (n = 1502). Logistic regression models were used to obtain adjusted odds ratios (aOR) for associations between early TSSp consumption (<14 years) and current TSSp use patterns, adjusted for sociodemographic factors. About 17.9% of respondents had taken TSSp (average age-of-onset = 13.7) and 45% of these without a prescription. TSSp consumption at <14 years was higher for males and nonrepeaters. Having begun to use TSSp < 14 years was associated with both higher probability of consumption in the last month (aOR = 1.41; 95%CI:1.12-1.77) and daily/almost daily consumption in the last month (aOR = 1.56; 95CI%:1.16-2.08). The results of this study show there is a high proportion of 16 to 18 TSSp student consumers - both prescribed and nonprescribed; it also establishes that early onset-of-use is associated with higher levels of intensive use later on.

Escala de Abuso Economico: Validating the Scale of Economic Abuse-12 (SEA-12) in Spanish

Language is a key consideration in the development of culturally-responsive interventions for survivors of intimate partner violence (IPV), and this includes not only the delivery of services, but also screening and evaluation materials. Given that Spanish is the most widely used language within the United States (U.S.) outside of English, it is important to ensure that measures of IPV are valid and reliable for use with Spanish-speaking survivors in the U.S. context. As such, the purpose of this study is to validate the Scale of Economic Abuse-12 for use with Spanish-speaking survivors. This study utilizes baseline data from 436 survivors of IPV who participated in a longitudinal, randomized controlled study evaluating a financial empowerment program. This included 201 participants that completed the survey in Spanish, and 235 participants that completed the survey in English. Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was used to test for measurement invariance across the Spanish and English language survey groups. After measurement invariance testing was completed, the reliability of the SEA-12 was examined for both groups. When examining the psychometric equivalence of the SEA-12 for both English and Spanish-speaking survivors of IPV, partial strict measurement invariance was achieved. The reliability of the scale and its subscales were also generally good. Results from this study demonstrated that the SEA-12 performed well with the Spanish-speaking survivors in this sample based in the U.S. As such, the Spanish translation of the SEA-12 can be recommended for use in research and practice with Spanish-speaking survivors within the U.S.

Abstract PS7-44: Energetics and lifestyle in inherited syndromes (ELLIE'S study)

Abstract Background: US women have a 1 in 8 lifetime chance of developing breast cancer (BC), with an estimated 10% resulting from a hereditary BC gene mutation. Individuals with mutations in genes such as BRCA1 and BRCA2 have an increased risk of breast and ovarian cancer, as well as other types of cancers. At present, there are more than a dozen other hereditary cancer related genetic mutations that have an associated moderate to high risk of developing cancer. Along with an ability to identify and characterize risk in individuals with a hereditary cancer mutation, there is a need to study modifiable factors such as dietary intake and physical activity in relation to an individual’s risk for cancer. Obesity and poor physical fitness are independently associated with an increased risk of BC and recurrence. There is a paucity of data on the impact of BMI, obesity, and physical activity on primary and recurrent BC in genetic mutation carriers. Women with a moderate penetrance gene mutation are at a high risk for BC and yet are likely to have an impact from modifiable risk factors. The impact of obesity, diet, and physical activity on BC risk and outcomes needs to be further characterized in genetic mutation carriers. Methods: A short REDCap electronic survey was disseminated on social media and through our advocate partner Facing our Risk of Cancer Empowered (FORCE). Eligible participants include males or females, ≥18 years with a hereditary cancer genetic mutation. The survey includes questions regarding personal health, weight, height, metabolic risk factors, reproductive history as well as personal and/or family history of cancer and gene mutation status. In addition, includes a standardized assessment for diet (14-Item Mediterranean Diet Tool) and physical activity (IPAQ and modifiable PAQ). The first 1000 participants are compensated for their time with a $10 e-card. The survey is available in English and Spanish. The Spanish version was developed in collaboration with JUNTOS Kansas City. Objectives: To establish a cohort and describe obesity rates, physical activity, metabolic factors, and nutrition in a cohort of individuals that have an increased risk of cancer due to a hereditary cancer genetic mutation. Results: A total of N = 1,117 surveys have been completed as of June 30, 2020. Of them, 61.2% were removed from final analysis due to incomplete surveys, internet bots, and multiple single-user entries. A total N = 443 surveys have been verified and included in this analysis. Demographics: 98.6% female (n= 437), 94.4% white (n = 418) and median age 46 (range 19 – 77 yrs). Mutations represented in the cohort include: BRCA2 (39.0%), BRCA1 (29.1%), CHEK2 (13.1%), and ATM (5.9%) and &amp;lt; 5%: PALB2, RAD51D, and TP53. Median BMI 24.9 ± 6.06 stdv. BMI 25 to &amp;lt; 30: 26.4% (n = 117). BMI 30 or &amp;gt; 30: 23.47% (n = 104). 61.3% responders are currently trying to lose weight. Attempts at weight loss: No attempts: n = 60 (13.5%), at least 1: n = 55 (12.4%), 2-5: n = 211 (47.6%), 6 or more: n = 117 (26.4%). Limitations to exercise include motivation (26.9%), time (23.5%), not liking exercise (15.6%), and lack of gym memberships (12.4%). 74.9% (n = 332) responded that they are interested in participating in future studies. The Spanish survey was made available 3/3/2020, no responses to date. Conclusion: Individuals harboring a hereditary cancer genetic mutation are interested and willing to participate in research focused on lifestyle modifications and association with cancer risk. Rates of being overweight or obese are high and many have made multiple attempts at weight loss and find common barriers to exercise. Social media is a feasible platform to recruit to a lifestyle research project in a rare population. Additional steps to limit internet trolls, bots, and repetitive responses are necessary but did not impede recruitment. Further effort and collaboration are needed to expand the survey to underrepresented minorities. Citation Format: Lauren E Nye, Kendra Cruz, Sue Friedman, Diane Rose, Christie Befort, Debra K Sullivan, Jill M Hamilton-Reeves, Lisa M Harlan-Williams, Fariba Behbod, Jo Wick, Melinda Irwin, Jennifer Klemp. Energetics and lifestyle in inherited syndromes (ELLIE'S study) [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 2020 San Antonio Breast Cancer Virtual Symposium; 2020 Dec 8-11; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2021;81(4 Suppl):Abstract nr PS7-44.

Job Insecurity, Debt Burdens, and Individual Health

Job insecurity exerts negative effects on self‐reported health. Using the Spanish Survey of Household Finances for 2011–2014, this paper asks whether and to what extent debt burdens enhance these detrimental health effects. To address potential endogeneity problems surrounding this question, the paper adopts Deb and Trivedi’s (Econometrics Journal, 9, 307–331, 2006) econometric approach. The results show that the negative effect of job insecurity on self‐assessed health is exacerbated if the individual is over‐indebted. Moreover, the role of over‐indebtedness differs between types of debt, with non‐mortgage debts causing larger health losses than mortgage debts. Thus, concerns about job insecurity should not be decoupled from concerns about increasing household indebtedness, and policy measures intended to improve individual welfare should consider both phenomena together.

Suboptimal personal protective equipment and SARS-CoV-2 infection in Nephrologists: a Spanish national survey.

BackgroundHealthcare workers have been overexposed to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) during the current pandemic, but there is little information on the impact of SARS-CoV-2 on nephrologists. The aim of this study was to assess SARS-CoV-2 infections in nephrologists in the first and second pandemic waves, describing risk factors and clinical features.MethodsThis national survey was sent to Spanish nephrologists. Epidemiological data, comorbidities and medications were collected and compared between infected and non-infected nephrologists. Symptoms, prescribed treatments and outcomes are described for infected nephrologists.ResultsThree hundred and twenty-seven nephrologists (66% female, age 46 ± 11 years) completed the survey. Of them, 62 (19%) were infected by SARS-CoV-2. Infection was detected by real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction in the 37 symptomatic patients (62%) and by serological tests in 25 (38%) asymptomatic individuals. Five (8%) of the infected nephrologists were hospitalized. Contrary to the general population, most infections occurred during the first pandemic wave and, specifically, during the first month, when personal protective equipment (PPE) shortages were more severe. Factors associated with infection in univariate analysis were younger age (P = 0.004), work in non-nephrology departments (P = 0.045), higher exposure to coronavirus disease 2019 patients (P < 0.001), lack of appropriate PPE (P < 0.001) and non-O ABO blood group. In an adjusted multivariate model, only lack of appropriate PPE remained predictive of infection [hazard ratio 3.5 (95% confidence interval 1.9–6.8), P < 0.0001].ConclusionsSARS-CoV-2 infection was frequent among nephrologists, was frequently diagnosed late and was associated with working conditions.

Uses and Perceptions of Music in Times of COVID-19: A Spanish Population Survey.

Since March 14, 2020, Spanish citizens have been confined to their homes due to the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic. Participating in musical activities has been associated with reduced anxiety and increased subjective wellbeing. The aim of this study is to analyze how Spanish citizens used music during the lockdown period. We also study perceptions of the impact music has in everyday life, in particular examining the respondents’ insights into the effects of listening to music in situations of isolation. The study was conducted using the MUSIVID19 questionnaire administered to a total of 1868 Spanish citizens. The results indicate that during lockdown, respondents perceived an increase in the time they devoted to musical activities such as listening, singing, dancing or playing an instrument. The participants also reported using music to cope with the lockdown, finding that it helped them to relax, escape, raise their mood or keep them company. The findings suggest an improvement in their perception of the value of music in personal and social wellbeing during the lockdown. However, the study reveals significant differences in the use and perceptions of music according to respondents’ personal situations. Age and feelings of vulnerability may lead to more conservative uses of musical practice and to more moderate perceptions of the positive values of music.

Spanish Survey on Liver Surgery Units

Purpose: The technical, human, scientific and medical assistance characteristics of the Units that attend a complex pathology are little studied and known. Material and Methods: Multi-institutional descriptive study (survey) on the characteristics of the Units where liver surgery (LS) is performed in Spain. Results: 88 surveys were sent. 60 centres answered (68.2%) belonging to all spanish autonomous communities (17). The sum of inhabitants attended was near 35 millions inhabitants (75% of spanish population). Mean number of beds per hospital was 740. 21 Units (35%) also perform liver transplantation. The mean number of surgeons per Unit is 5. Only 3 Units had a HPB fellowship program. 100% of the Units have intraoperative ultrasound for open approach and 50 (83.3%) have intraoperative ultrasound for laparoscopic approach. In 61.7% of the Units (37/60) the ultrasound was performed by the surgeon, radiologist 15% (9/60) and both 23.3% (14/60). 65% (39/60) of the Units have a 3D laparoscopic tower. 65% (39/60) have an ICG module. 95% (57/60) have the equipment to perform radiofrequency ablation of lesions. 40% has Portal flow measurement device (24/60). 100% can perform intraoperative cholangiography. The mean of liver resections per Unit during 2019 was: 20 major hepatectomies, 29 minor hepatectomies and 3 liver hydatidosis cases. Mean percentage of laparoscopic liver surgery was 20%. Preoperative nutritional assessment is carried out systematically by 43.3% Units (26/60), selectively 50% (30/60) and never 6.7% (4/60). Operative fragility is assessed in 45% of the Units (27/60), selectively in 50% and never in 6.7% (4/60). 86.7% Units (52/60) have a preoperative rehabilitation program, and it is systematically applied by 42.3% (22/52) and selectively by 57.7% (30/52). Answers about real-life practice in liver resections are in Table 1. Laparoscopic approach is more frequent in minor hepatectomies. Abdominal drain and hemostatics are more employed in major resections. In 2015-2018, 39 Units published 226 manuscripts. Mean impact factor/paper was 1,3. Conclusions: This survey provides updated information about the majority of the Units where liver surgery is performed in Spain, and could also serve as a starting point for prospective multicenter studies..EP011_Table IReal life approach comparing minor/major hepatectomiesMINORMAJORpApproach<0.001Laparoscopic50 (83.3%)16 (26.7%)Open10 (16.7%)44 (73.3%)Pringle Manouver0.060Never2 (3.33%)1 (1.67%)Selective41 (68.3%)30 (50.0%)Systematic17 (28.3%)29 (48.3%)Parenchyma Dissection1.000Ultrasonic bisturi55 (91.7%)54 (90.0%)Others5 (8.33%)6 (10.0%)Haemostasia0.798Aquamantis ®7 (11.7%)5 (8.33%)Energy (Caiman ®, Ligasure ®, etc…)4 (6.67%)2 (3.33%)Clips/sutures3 (5.00%)3 (5.00%)Mix of previous methods46 (76.7%)50 (83.3%)Abdominal Drain<0.001031 (51.7%)10 (16.7%)129 (48.3%)48 (80.0%)202 (3.33%)Hemostatics0.001Always15 (25.0%)35 (58.3%)Never3 (5.00%)2 (3.33%)Selective42 (70.0%)23 (38.3%)Eras Protocol0.713No25 (41.7%)28 (46.7%)Yes35 (58.3%)32 (53.3%) Open table in a new tab

Spanish national survey and case-vignette study of clinical decisions in pancreatic cancer

Spanish national survey and case-vignette study of clinical decisions in pancreatic cancer

Failure rate and downtime survey of wind turbines located in Spain

Publicly available wind turbine failure rate and downtime studies are scarce in the scientific literature. Recent surveys in the field reveal that only 20 studies of wind farms based in Europe, Asia and the U.S. have been published, but there are no studies analysing wind farms located in Spain. With Spain holding the second place in terms of installed capacity in Europe, and the fifth worldwide, the importance of the Spanish wind power sector is evident. The present study comprehensively analyses the Spanish WT fleet in terms of yearly installed capacity and number of machines installed per technology and capacity ranges. The current fleet age ranges are also analysed. Under this scenario, the present work aims to contribute to the literature with a new failure rate and downtime study, where 75 WTs from six wind farms located in Spain are analysed over a period of 11 years. The most critical assemblies are identified per WT technology type and in general for the whole data set. Finally, the failure rate and downtime results obtained for the Spanish survey are compared against a selection of similar previously published studies.

Pharmacotherapeutic management of Parkinson’s disease inpatients: how about asking hospital pharmacists?

IntroductionParkinson’s disease (PD) is considered to be the fastest growing neurological disorder in the world. Patients with PD are hospitalised more frequently, have longer admissions and experience more complications during...