Spanish Context Research Articles

Benefits of Super Skills for Life in a randomized controlled trial in clinical settings for Spanish children with comorbid conditions.

Emotional disorders in children are often associated with low self-concept and problems with peers, and in many cases externalizing symptoms. Super Skills for Life (SSL) is a transdiagnostic treatment for emotional problems in children that has also shown benefits in other comorbid symptoms. This study aimed to examine, for the first time, the effect of SSL on a clinical sample of Spanish children aged 8-12 years with a major emotional disorder and comorbid externalizing symptoms and low self-concept. A quasi-experimental design with two groups, pretest and posttest, was carried out. Thirty-eight children received the SSL intervention, and 36 children were assigned to a wait-list control (WLC) group. Children in SSL showed statistically fewer posttest emotional symptoms (p < .001), peer problems (p = .002), and overall internalizing and externalizing difficulties (p = .005) compared to children in WLC, in addition to higher posttest self-concept (p = .002). There were no differences in the postinterventional changes between boys and girls in internalizing and externalizing symptoms. However, significant differences were found in some facets of self-concept. The results of this study suggest that the SSL protocol may be useful in Spanish clinical contexts. Still, more research is needed to overcome some of the inherent limitations.

Drug-facilitated sexual assault acceptance scale: construction and validation of a new scale in Spanish context

Abstract Aim To construct and validate a scale to measure the degree of acceptance of the population towards drug-facilitated sexual assault. Subject and methods The drug-facilitated sexual assault acceptance scale was validated in a sample of secondary school students (n = 485). For this purpose, the sample was divided into two subsamples (n1 = 240; n2 = 245), and exploratory factor analysis and confirmatory factor analysis were applied to each of them. In addition, the reliability of the developed scale was analyzed using Cronbach's α. Results In the exploratory factor analysis, a scale of 15 items was obtained, divided into three factors: (a) Sexual Duty, (b) Drunken Effervescence, and (c) Sexual Success. Confirmatory factor analysis confirmed the results. In measuring the reliability of the scale, a Cronbach's α of 0.877 was obtained for the whole sample. Conclusion These results confirm the adequacy of the scale and its component items, reflecting its suitability for measuring the acceptability of drug-facilitated sexual assaults. Thus, the drug-facilitated sexual assault acceptance scale provides a valid and reliable instrument specifically designed to measure the acceptability of drug-facilitated sexual violence.

Transcultural Adaptation and Psychometric Validation of the Spanish Version of the Pain Attitudes and Beliefs Scale for Physiotherapists.

Low back pain (LBP) is one of the main musculoskeletal pain conditions, and it affects 23-28% of the global population. Strong evidence supports the absence of a direct relationship between the intensity of pain and tissue damage, with psychosocial factors also playing a crucial role. In this context, the Pain Attitudes and Beliefs Scale for Physiotherapists (PABS-PT) is a useful tool for evaluating physiotherapists' treatment orientations and beliefs regarding the management of low back pain (LBP). It helps identify practitioners who may benefit from additional education in modern pain neuroscience. However, there is not a Spanish validation of this scale for physiotherapists. Thus, the aims of this study were to translate and culturally adapt the Pain Attitudes and Beliefs Scale for Physiotherapists (PABS-PT) into Spanish and to evaluate its psychometric properties. This validation study used three convenience samples of physiotherapists (PTs) (n = 22 for the pilot study, n = 529 for the validity study and n = 53 for assessing the instrument's responsiveness). The process of translating and adapting the PABS-PT into Spanish followed international guidelines and produced a satisfactory pre-final version of the questionnaire. Factor analysis confirmed the two-factor structure of the original version, with the biomedical (BM) factor explaining 39.4% of the variance and the biopsychosocial (BPS) factor explaining 13.8% of the variance. Cronbach's alpha values were excellent for the BM factor (0.86) and good for the BPS factor (0.77), indicating good internal consistency. Test-retest reliability was excellent for both factors, with intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs) of 0.84 for BM and 0.82 for BPS. The standard error of measurement (SEM) was acceptable for both factors (3.9 points for BM and 2.4 points for BPS). Concurrent validity was moderate and in the expected direction and had significant correlations with the Health Care Providers' Pain and Impairment Relationship Scale (HC-PAIRS) and Revised Neurophysiology Pain Questionnaire (R-NPQ). Sensitivity to change was demonstrated by significant improvements in both factors after an educational intervention, with medium-to-large effect sizes. The PABS-PT also showed good discriminative ability, as it was able to distinguish between physiotherapists with and without pain education. Cut-off values for the BM and BPS factors were determined. In conclusion, the translated and adapted Spanish version of the PABS-PT demonstrated good psychometric properties and can be reliably used to assess the attitudes and beliefs of Spanish-speaking physiotherapists regarding LBP. The questionnaire is recommended for use in clinical and educational research in the Spanish language context.

Restorative justice and terrorist crimes: An experience in the Spanish context

In 2011, a pioneering experience of restorative justice was carried out in Spain through restorative encounters between individuals who had suffered the violence of the terrorist organization ETA and those who had exercised it. These encounters, unthinkable at first, were the seed of a practice that is currently becoming more frequent. This article offers a brief introduction outlining the differences between retributive and restorative justice and then describes the experience taking into consideration the motivation of both victims and perpetrators, the conditions needed to make them possible and the outcomes. This article also provides information regarding the number of encounters, where they took place and who the people in charge of their design and implementation were. The author acted as a mediator in the encounters and provides an account from her perspective as one of the key people involved in the process.

Attitudes Towards the Development of Good Practices with Augmented Reality in Secondary Education Teachers in Spain

The attitude of the teaching staff is positioned as a fundamental aspect for the development of good training practices. These good practices are essential when applied within an innovative techno-pedagogical methodology: augmented reality in education. The objectives of this study are to analyze the development of good teaching practices with augmented reality and to discover the factors that influence their quality. A descriptive and correlational design has been carried out. A total of 1490 Spanish Secondary Education teachers have participated. The instrument used was the adaptation to the Spanish context of the questionnaire of the Attitude Scale of Augmented Reality Applications. The results reveal that teachers show a positive attitude towards the use of augmented reality. As for the aspects that influence the good attitude of teachers are age, the number of devices teachers use, the time they dedicate to technological resources and teaching experience. However, ICT training is what determines a direct influence on the attitude of teachers, as well as satisfaction with reliability.

Which is the optimum parenting for adolescents with low vs. high self-efficacy? Self-concept, psychological maladjustment and academic performance of adolescents in the Spanish context

The aim of this paper is to establish which parenting style is associated with optimum outcomes among adolescents of Spanish families considering adolescents with low vs. high self-efficacy. Although classical studies identify the authoritative parenting style (based on warmth and strictness) as the best parental strategy, emerging research seriously questions the benefits of parental strictness. Additionally, the impact of parenting on the adolescent’s psychosocial competence has been studied for years, but less is known about whether it might vary depending on individual characteristics of the adolescent (e.g., self-efficacy). Participants were 1029 Spanish adolescents, 453 males (44%), aged 12-17 years. Families were classified in one of the parenting styles groups (authoritative, authoritarian, indulgent, or neglectful), and adolescents were grouped by low vs. high self-efficacy. Adolescent psychosocial competence was examined through emotional and academic self-concept, psychological maladjustment (hostility/aggression, negative self-esteem, emotional responsivity, instability, and negative view of the world), and academic performance (grade point average and number of failing grades). Main and interaction effects of parenting style and adolescent self-efficacy were tested. Main effect results indicated that adolescents with low self-efficacy were always associated with the worst psychosocial competence. Consistently, the main effect findings indicated that adolescents from indulgent and authoritative families were associated with better results than those from neglectful and authoritarian families. However, the indulgent parenting style yielded the best results. The impact of parenting might not be the same for adolescents in all cultural contexts. Contrary to findings from classical studies, parental strictness seems to be unnecessary or even detrimental for adolescents with low and high self-efficacy. El objetivo de este estudio es identificar qué estilo parental se asocia con resultados óptimos entre los adolescentes de familias españolas considerando aquellos con baja vs. alta autoeficacia. Los participantes fueron 1029 adolescentes españoles, 453 varones (44%), de 12 a 17 años. Aunque los estudios clásicos identifican el estilo autorizativo (basado en el afecto y la severidad) como la mejor estrategia socializadora, las investigaciones emergentes cuestionan seriamente los beneficios de la severidad parental. Además, el impacto de la socialización parental en la competencia psicosocial del adolescente se ha estudiado durante años, pero se sabe menos sobre si podría variar en función de las características individuales del adolescente (e.g., la autoeficacia). Las familias fueron clasificadas por estilo parental (autorizativo, autoritario, indulgente o negligente), y los adolescentes por baja vs. alta autoeficacia. La competencia psicosocial se examinó a través del autoconcepto emocional y académico, el desajuste psicológico (hostilidad/agresión, autoestima negativa, irresponsividad emocional, inestabilidad emocional y visión negativa del mundo) y el rendimiento académico (nota media y número de cursos repetidos). Se comprobaron los efectos principales y de interacción de estilo parental y autoeficacia. Los resultados de los efectos principales indicaron que los adolescentes con baja autoeficacia presentaban siempre la peor competencia psicosocial. También que los adolescentes de familias indulgentes y autorizativas presentaron mejores resultados que los de familias negligentes y autoritarias. Sin embargo, el estilo parental indulgente se asoció a los mejores resultados. El impacto de la socialización parental podría no ser igual en todos los contextos culturales. Frente a los resultados de los estudios clásicos, la severidad parental parece ser innecesaria o incluso perjudicial para los adolescentes con baja y alta autoeficacia.

A Circumplex Approach to (de)motivating Styles in Physical Education: Situations-In-School–Physical Education Questionnaire in Spanish Students, Pre-Service, and In-Service Teachers

ABSTRACT Building upon self-determination theory and the circumplex approach, the objective of this study was to adapt the Situations-in-School–Physical Education (SIS–PE) questionnaire and to gather validity and reliability evidence in the Spanish PE context. Three samples of 1441 students (46.43% girls), 473 in-service teachers (35.73% women), and 654 pre-service teachers (50.31% women) participated. Multidimensional scaling analyses indicated that (de)motivating styles (autonomy support, structure, control, and chaos) were graphically depicted by a two-dimensional circular structure differing into need-supportiveness (horizontal axis) and teacher directiveness (vertical axis). Eight specific approaches (two per stye) were additionally identified (participative, attuning, guiding, clarifying, demanding, domineering, abandoning, and awaiting) drawing an ordered pattern of correlations. Bifactor exploratory structural equation modeling additionally supported four overarching styles and eight specific approaches. Reliability and external validity were met in the three samples. The Spanish versions of the SIS-PE questionnaire are valid and reliable measures to assess students’, in-service, and pre-service teachers’ perceptions of (de)motivating styles.

Assessing self-forgiveness through the Enright Self-Forgiveness Inventory in the Spanish population: a validation study.

Self-forgiveness has been a complex construct to define, which has resulted in a shortage of instruments that adequately measure it as a process. In Spain, until now there is only one validated instrument to measure self-forgiveness, for this reason the present study aims to validate the Enright Self-Forgiveness Inventory (ESFI). A sample of 276 people (84 men, 192 women) aged from 18 to 25 years, completed the Enright Self-Forgiveness Inventory (ESFI) after its adaptation to Spanish, as well as the Enright Forgiveness Inventory-30 (EFI-30), the Narcissistic Personality Inventory (NPI), the Short form of Social Desirability Scale (M-C SDS), the Scale of psychological wellbeing (RYFF) and the Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale-21 (DASS-21). The Confirmatory Factor Analysis showed a good fit for the original six-factors structure (CFI = 0.93, TLI = 0.92, RMSEA = 0.063). The results showed good psychometric qualities (both validity and reliability) and association between self-forgiveness and social desirability, depression, anxiety, narcissistic traits, and purpose in life as expected theoretically. The ESFI-30 shows good psychometric properties within the Spanish context and is an appropriate instrument for evaluating self-forgiveness for research and clinical intervention. As a primary goal, the abstract should render the general significance and conceptual advance of the work clearly accessible to a broad readership. References should not be cited in the abstract. Leave the Abstract empty if your article does not require one - please see the "Article types" on every Frontiers journal page for full details.

Translation and transcultural adaptation of the Person-Centred Practice Inventory Staff (PCPI-S) for health professionals in Spain

Person-centred practices - following national and international developments in health-care policies - have become a key approach in healthcare. The Person-Centred Practice Inventory - Staff is an instrument based on the theoretical framework Person-Centred Practice that focuses on the staff's perspective and how they experience person-centred practices. Here, the aim of this study is to obtain the first Spanish version of the PCPI-S translated and adapted into the Spanish context. The translation and adaptation of the instrument followed the Translation and Cultural Adaptation of Patient Reported Outcomes Measures - Principles of Good Practice, which included a consulting session with experts. Content validation measures on clarity and relevance were assessed for every item (I-CVI) and the survey as a whole (S-CVI/Ave). No major difficulties were registered to reach an agreement on the 12 items that needed to be clarified. Regarding clarity and relevance. The validity index per item (I-CVI) obtained excellent scores for clarity in 53 items and for relevance in 59; the S-CVI/Ave showed excellent results (=90). This first version of the Person-Centred Practice Inventory - Staff instrument adapted to the Spanish context is conceptually and semantically equivalent to the original one. This valuable tool will be of great help to identify the perception of healthcare professionals on person-centred practices.

Open Dialogue in Spain: an initial survey of knowledge and perspectives.

In Spain, the introduction of the Open Dialogue framework is relatively recent. This study takes a closer look at Open Dialogue training, interest and research in this region. To this end, a survey has been conducted through a convenience sample of professionals, people with their own experiences in mental health, family members, relatives, university professors and students. The results showed that a significant number of participants had no training in OD, and their exposure to relevant literature and congress attendance was limited. Amongst the different profiles, professionals reported the highest level of training. These findings highlight the urgent need for further research and training initiatives to improve the understanding and application of the OD framework in Spain. Efforts should be directed towards broadening the knowledge base, increasing access to training programmes and fostering interest amongst different stakeholders. By addressing these gaps, the implementation and use of OD can be expanded to meet the growing demand and interest in this approach in the Spanish context.

Psychometric properties and factor structure of the brief Wisconsin Inventory of Smoking Dependence Motives among Spanish smokers from the general population

IntroductionThe brief version of the Wisconsin Inventory of Smoking Dependence Motives (B-WISDM) is a well-established instrument to measure the multidimensional nature of nicotine dependence. However, no previous research has assessed its psychometric properties in the Spanish context. The aim of the present study was to analyze the factor structure and measurement invariance across gender of this instrument among Spanish smokers from the general population. MethodsThis cross-sectional study assessed 480 smokers through an online questionnaire including information on tobacco use and several nicotine dependence measures. Confirmatory Factor Analysis was used to assess the factorial structure of the Spanish B-WISDM, its internal consistency, measurement invariance across gender and convergent validity with the Fagerström Test for Nicotine Dependence (FTND) and the Glover-Nilsson Smoking Behavioral Questionnaire (GN-SBQ) scores. ResultsResults indicate that the eleven correlated factors solution had a better fit when compared to the other tested models (two correlated factors and two second-order factors with eleven first-order correlated factors solution), remaining such structure invariant across gender. Internal consistency of the scale was high (α = 0.950; dimension α values ranged between 0.657 and 0.921). Overall scores and dimensions of the scale significantly and positively correlated with other nicotine dependence measures (except for Social/Environmental Goads and FTND). ConclusionsThis is the first version of the B-WISDM validated to assess nicotine dependence with a multidimensional perspective within the Spanish culture. Results show adequate psychometric properties regarding its factor structure and measurement invariance across gender, supporting its utility to evaluate the motives driving tobacco use among Spanish smokers from the general population.

Mapping energy citizenship in the south of Europe.

The adoption of new global approaches in the field of energy democratization requires inquiring into how people act to shape the energy system. This is where the concept of energy citizenship (ENCI) appears as a constellation of actors that enable and/or support citizens to became active participants in the debates and energy systems both in private and public sphere, or as a collective citizen that contributes to change (Pel et al., 2021). The aim of this paper is to explore the concept of ENCI in Southern Europe. Using a mixed approach, an extensive mapping of 43 ENCI initiatives in Spain (n = 29) and Portugal (n = 14) was conducted through desktop research, and a stakeholder consultation workshop (n = 7) was carried out through a focus group. Results revealed the major presence of collective ENCI types, with the citizen-based/hybrid one standing out (e.g., energy cooperatives). Most of them were motivated by the interest to contribute to energy transition or to produce and/or use renewable energy, and aimed at promoting energy saving, energy justice and reducing the carbon footprint. The general tendency is towards active participation (in Spain) and transformative forms (in Portugal). The possibilities for citizen control in the initiatives analysed is still limited. These results were confirmed by stakeholders who, additionally, pointed out the major political, social, economic, and geographical factors related to ENCI forms. In short, various types of ENCI could be validated in the Spanish and Portuguese context, showing a commitment to sustainability, democracy, and energy justice. Other non-evidenced forms may be raised as a challenge to further in-depth research on latent forms of ENCI in Southern Europe.

Views of Multiple Sclerosis Patients About Key Elements for a Decision Aid: A Qualitative Study.

BACKGROUND: Patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) may experience decisional conflict during treatment choice. Shared decision making (SDM), whereby patients and health professionals, primarily nurses, collaborate in making decisions, reduces this decisional conflict. It requires understanding large amounts of information and may be complex, especially when decisions affect patients' autonomy and quality and prolongation of life. Patient decision aids are tools in facilitating SDM. This study aimed to identify the key elements from the perspective of patients with relapsing-remitting MS to create a patient decision aid in the Spanish sociocultural context. METHODS: This is a qualitative study using focus groups led by a clinical nurse specialist. Semistructured interviews included healthcare needs and demands, the SDM process, and general characteristics of a peer support program. After the transcription of interview recordings, data were analyzed by thematic analysis and a constructivist naturalistic approach. RESULTS: Patients with MS (27) from Spain participated in 4 focus groups of 90 to 120 minutes each. Three overarching themes were identified: information access to sufficient high-quality data; knowledge of available treatment options, including efficacy, adverse effects, frequency, administration route, and the impact on daily life; decision-making role, engaged versus nonengaged patients. The former require support in facilitating their active involvement in decisions, whereas the latter prefer more passive health models. CONCLUSION: The needs identified by patients with relapsing-remitting MS regarding treatment choice in the Spanish setting align with those reported by other studies. The identified themes provide valuable information to design and develop a virtual patient decision aid jointly by clinical MS nurses and patients according to the International Patient Decision Aid Standards Collaboration criteria. This aid will help improve understanding between nurses and patients during SDM and facilitate the process.

Storytelling with Music in Initial Teacher Education: A Comparative Study between Braga (Portugal) and Galicia (Spain)

Although there is an indeterminacy in terminology, we can understand adding sounds and music to children’s stories as the relationships created between verbal language (words), music language (sounds or silence), and body language (gestures and movements), that intertwine, strengthening the message intended to be communicated and allowing learning to be addressed in a holistic manner. This quantitative study, of a descriptive nature, aims to identify the previous experiences of student teachers in Galicia and the northern region of Portugal, related to putting sounds to children’s stories and the training received in this field during their university studies. The data suggest that creative practices related to storytelling through music or adding sounds to children’s stories and/or creating atmospheres in early childhood and primary education, despite providing great benefits, are neither as usual nor as enriching as would be expected, at least in the Spanish context. In relation to initial teacher education, the results are even less encouraging in both contexts, as the majority of students had received training in creating sound stories but stated that they were not satisfied with their experiences, as they did not believe they were trained or had acquired the necessary tools for the integration of this methodological strategy in the school classroom.

Urban Planning and Sustainability in the Cities of Castilla-La Mancha (Spain): Current Challenges

The concept of sustainability has recently become a key matter of concern in urban planning, especially in the context of ever-increasing populations in urban spaces, as noted in the United Nations’ Sustainable Development Goal 11, “Sustainable cities and communities”. In this study, we analyze the policies that are shaping the transition toward urban sustainability in the Spanish context. We focus on the evolution of such policies since the end of the last century, from Local Agenda 21 to the current sustainable development strategies. The territorial scope of the study covers the five provincial capitals of the region of Castilla-La Mancha (Albacete, Toledo, Guadalajara, Ciudad Real, and Cuenca). The research question posed herein is: “Have the policies that have been applied made these cities more sustainable?”. The methodology for answering this question is based on bibliographic analysis and analytical analysis, achieved by the qualitative method of interviewing the agents involved in the ISUDS, and conducting an applied analysis of the main actions developed in each of the cities, for which collaboration with the city councils has been key. Synthetic analysis has been used to conduct research using geographic information systems. The key findings relate to the progress made in achieving urban sustainability in these medium-sized cities, and the success of the urban planning process. We identified the following variables in the current ISUDS actions: new uses for unused urban lots, new building construction programs, street rehabilitation, building rehabilitation, and neighborhood regeneration.

Actitudes hacia el amor: un estudio transcultural entre Ucrania y España

This study presents the translation and validation of the Love Attitudes Scale-Short Form (LAS-SF) to the Ukrainian and Spanish context. In addition, a comparative analysis is performed on the love styles shown by a sample of 611 people, of which 346 were residents of the city of Almería (Spain) and 259 were residents of Lviv (Ukraine). The results show good psychometric characteristics for the scale and a factorial invariance between the groups of origin, while preserving the original six-factor structure. Regarding the love styles, similarities are identified between the Spanish and Ukrainians in the importance of ludic (playful) love and the low importance of physical attraction or passionate love. In terms of differences, one can see that ludic, friendly, and pragmatic love styles are significantly higher in the Ukrainian population while obsessive love appears more valued in the Spanish population. Religion is related to significantly diminishing the obsessive love styles. The differences between the Spanish and Ukrainian groups give an account of some of the cultural similarities and differences that exist regarding conceptions of love in the interior of the European continent and that, according to the data, might be related to the role that religion plays in these societies.

Environmental values and education in Spanish universities: a questionnaire validation

Purpose To protect the environment and society, research on responsible behavior and personal values has increased. Values have been identified as important for understanding and predicting environmental preservation behaviors. The purpose of this study is to analyze the validity and reliability of the Environmental Portrait Value Questionnaire in the Spanish context. Design/methodology/approach The new version of this questionnaire was administered to 742 university students (46.4% male and 53.6% female) from 16 regions in Spain. Findings The results of adapting and testing the instrument’s psychometric properties were consistent with accepted criteria for validity and reliability. Therefore, this updated and contextualized instrument has the potential to contribute to academic advances in the sense of expanding the empirical practice of studying environmental values. Fifteen items from the original version were retained, grouped into four factors as in the original version: Altruistic – five items; Egoistic – four items; Biospheric – three items; and Hedonic – three items. The final version showed adequate fit indices and reliability measures. Originality/value This instrument is a powerful resource for the Spanish academic community because using this application it will be possible to assess the degree of commitment of young adults to the goals of sustainability and environmental protection.

Somatic education approaches in piano studies: A snapshot of Spanish conservatoire practices

Somatic education in professional instrumental teaching is an emerging field in Spanish conservatoire culture. Although we find that the Alexander Technique was included in some European institutions since the middle of the XXth Century, this was not the case in the Spanish context. By means of a qualitative study, through document analysis and fifteen in-depth interviews with somatic teachers, the statutory frameworks of professional Piano studies and teaching plans related to somatic education in Spanish conservatoires, the principles that support them and the current practices that are undertaken in professional piano studies were analyzed. We found that there are eclectic approaches and practices in correlation with the background of the teachers in charge of the courses. Four main orientations can be described: somatic education per se; ergonomics and postural technique; body communication, training and technique; and mental and concentration control techniques. Further research to explore the interrelationships between somatic approaches and instrumental teaching would greatly benefit the field.

Stances on hate speech: Population opinions and attitudes

This research aims to know the opinions and attitudes of the Spanish population towards hate speech through a survey of 1,022 persons of both sexes and over 16 years of age. The results show a high awareness of hate speech: participants could identify these messages, assess their different intensities of severity, and understand the harm it causes. This high awareness may be because almost half of the sample has felt alluded to by these types of messages at some point. This group is more proactive in denouncing and counterattacking hate messages, although it is more frequent to remain on the sidelines. There is a hierarchy in the ratings in which racist and sexist comments are considered more severe than those directed at other minority groups (e.g., homeless people). Among the main reasons why people publish these expressions, participants point to the education of the authors, in particular, the rudeness and disrespect that are also perceived as a generalized aspect in today’s society. The polarized Spanish political context is seen as beneficial to the appearance of these messages, as well as the lack of a democratic culture that respects ideological diversity. What is most interesting is that although there is awareness of the seriousness of hate messages in other spheres and towards various groups, hate speech has become normalized in politics, as previously stated.

The Spanish experience of future classrooms as a possibility of smart learning environments

Developing advanced technologies and their integration into educational spaces generates new training opportunities. Examples of these are Future Classrooms (FC) and Smart Learning Environments (SLE), two concepts linked to educational innovation through technology but also have their differences. This paper aims to identify the similarities and differences between FC developed in the Spanish formal educational context concerning the theory of SLE. This study follows an exploratory research methodology using an ad hoc questionnaire applied transversally to a representative sample of teachers involved in the SLE (N = 66). SPSS V. 28 software was used. In relation to the results, some statistics (mean, standard deviation, kurtosis and skewness) were used to analyse the developed FC practices and professional satisfaction. In conclusion, the FC are at an initial stage of development in Spain, and although they could represent an approximation to what would be the practical basis of SLE, there are still several aspects to be developed, especially in relation to the technologies used and the dimension of attention to diversity. In relation to SLE technologies, they are related to the automation of certain processes and include artificial intelligence, learning analytics and sensors, among others. On the other hand, these technologies are not widely used in the FC, and the use of other more conventional technological resources, such as interactive whiteboards, online collaborative environments, LMS platforms, etc. In terms of attention to diversity, despite the existence of initiatives to personalise the learning experience in FC, assistive technologies are not considered, nor is automatic personalisation through certain SLE technologies.