Knowledge Space Research Articles

Estimating the Potential of Building Integration and Regional Synergies to Improve the Environmental Performance of Urban Vertical Farming

Vertical farms have expanded rapidly in urban areas to support food system resilience. However, many of these systems source a substantial share of their material and energy requirements outside their urban environments. As urban areas produce significant shares of residual material and energy streams, there is considerable potential to explore the utilization of these streams for urban agriculture in addition to the possibility of employing underutilized urban spaces in residential and commercial buildings. This study aims to explore and assess the potential for developing more circular vertical farming systems which integrate with buildings and utilize residual material and energy streams. We focus on the symbiotic development of a hypothetical urban farm located in the basement of a residential building in Stockholm. Life cycle assessment is used to quantify the environmental performance of synergies related to energy integration and circular material use. Energy-related scenarios include the integration of the farm's waste heat with the host building's heating system and the utilization of solar PV. Circular material synergies include growing media and fertilizers based on residual materials from a local brewery and biogas plant. Finally, a local pick-up system is studied to reduce transportation. The results point to large benefits from integrating the urban farm with the building energy system, reducing the vertical farm's GHG emissions up to 40%. Synergies with the brewery also result in GHG emissions reductions of roughly 20%. No significant change in the environmental impacts was found from the use of solar energy, while the local pick-up system reduces environmental impacts from logistics, although this does not substantially lower the overall environmental impacts. However, there are some trade-offs where scenarios with added infrastructure can also increase material and water resource depletion. The results from the synergies reviewed suggest that proximity and host-building synergies can improve the material and energy efficiency of urban vertical farms. The results provide insights to residential building owners on the benefits of employing residual space for urban food provisioning and knowledge to expand the use of vertical farming and circular economy principles in an urban context.

INDUSTRY AND RESEARCH COLLABORATION A MODEL FOR INDIA

The purpose of this paper is to understand the technological innovation taken place in pharmaceutical industry based on institutional research and the gaps between the investment made in research the utilisation of research by the industry. Though the topic is open for argument but it will be beneficial for public policy makers concerned with science and technology and economist thriving for technological change and innovation. The paper aims at putting a discussion for a need on investment and private businesses collaboration with institutional research. This gives space and time for new knowledge to transform the existing technology for betterment of life. It critically talks in the context of pharmaceutical companies in India while getting an outline from industrially developed countries. It highlights the fact that first industry academia collaboration enhancement agenda was held on 5th March 2013, in New Delhi. This itself explains the requirement of institutional research for technological upliftment which will further be supported by literature presented by the researchers.
 The international scenario showed that 1980’s Bayh Dole Act of United States is the best model to strengthen the industry and research collaboration. The model has been implemented worldwide. This paper presents the analysis of countries like U.S.A, United Kingdom, China and OCED countries. The reason for this is that these countries have well developed academia industry collaboration and strategic partnership between them. Though these countries have better GDP and stable economy. However, India is a growing economy and new ideas will help it in making it stronger.
 India is at a starting stage of developing the process academia research and industry collaboration, so there is a way for new strategies to make way in the bottleneck for collaboration. Even in India Bayh Dole Act has been implemented under different name. But one of the major challenges regarding its implementation that India receives is in transparency and clarity in terms of policy and lack of inputs from different organisations. In addition, different are positive about India’s growth and in order to sustain such growth in coming years it is imperative to have technological advancement and innovation to accelerate to propel the economic growth of the country. Thus, research centres near firms seems to get more related to research work concerned or required by the industry. In other words, in industry research collaboration geographical proximity has main of the main role to play in it. The study bases its argument on rich literature that advocates that the collaboration is beneficial for both research and industry.

Strategy for the Development of Librarianship in Russia: Variety of Experiences and Ideas

The article presents the results of the Annual Meeting of the Heads of Federal and Central Regional Libraries of Russia, held on November 18—19, 2021. The main topic of the Meeting is “Strategy for the Development of Librarianship in the Russian Federation up to 2030. Implementation Mechanisms”. Organizers are the Ministry of Culture of the Russian Federation, the Russian State Library (RSL) and the National Library of Russia (NLR). 169 people from 34 regions of the Russian Federation took part in the meeting, held at the RSL; 5320 connections were recorded during the broadcasts. Special attention was focused on the following areas: launch of the federal departmental and regional projects to solve the key problems of libraries’ activities; development of the library holdings of Russia; digitalization of libraries. Within the framework of the meeting, the plenary session took place; the winners of three All-Russian competitions were awarded (“Libraries. PROmotion”, “Library Analytics”, as well as scientific works on library science, bibliography and book studies). Two sections worked (“Federal, departmental and regional projects, modernization of the countryʼs library system” and “Development of the library holdings”), and the conference “Russian Electronic Knowledge Space” was conducted. Following the results of the Meeting, proposals were formulated to help solve a number of problems facing modern libraries. The author notes the desire of the participants to cooperate in line with the unified library policy. The successful implementation of the “Strategy for the Development of Librarianship in the Russian Federation up to 2030” requires coordinated efforts of the governing bodies in the field of culture and libraries at all levels, primarily federal and central regional libraries. Serious tasks are set for the Russian State Library and the National Library of Russia.

Regional knowledge spaces: the interplay of entry-relatedness and entry-potential for technological change and growth

This paper aims to uncover the mechanism of how the network properties of regional knowledge spaces contribute to technological change from the perspective of regional knowledge entry-relatedness and regional knowledge entry-potential. Entry-relatedness, which has been previously employed to investigate the technology evolution of regional economies, is advanced by introducing a knowledge gravity model. The entry-potential of a newly acquired regional specialisation has been largely ignored in the relevant literature; surprisingly given the high relevance that is attributed to the recombination potential of new capabilities. In other words, just adding new knowledge domains to a system is not sufficient alone, it really depends on how these fit into the existing system and thus can generate wider economic benefits. Based on an empirical analysis of EU-15 Metro and non-Metro regions from 1981 to 2015, we find that entry-relatedness has a significant negative association with novel inventive activities, while entry-potential has a significant positive association with the development of novel products and processes of economic value. This highlights that regions’ capacity to venture into high-potential areas of technological specialization in the knowledge space outperforms purely relatedness driven diversification that is frequently promoted in the relevant literature.

Decision fusion for reliable fault classification in energy-intensive process industries

Heavy industries such as oil & gas, steel & iron production, the cement industry, chemical processes, and pulp & paper mills are among the industries that contribute most to greenhouse gas emissions. The operation of processes in these industries requires massive amounts of energy, which is mainly generated through the consumption of natural resources, leading to the emission of harmful gases. These emissions can be reduced by improving the efficiency of process operations and with better management of abnormal events/faults through accurate fault classification. Managers and operators of these industries need intelligent fault classification strategies that provide accurate information and decisions on faulty situations management, thus helping day-to-day processes operate in safe, reliable and energy-efficient ways. This paper proposes a decision fusion approach that combines outputs produced by diversified machine learning fault classifiers, each with distinct pattern representations. The proposed approach mainly adopts the behavior knowledge space (BKS) method and updates the corresponding lookup table based on the F1-scores calculated for every single fault classifier based on historical data. The concept is based on the exploitation of the advantages of each fault classifier as a complementary information source to effectively classify faults and provide plant operators and engineers with unified, accurate and comprehensive decisions. The proposed approach is validated through two case studies in the pulp and paper industry. The first one is the pulp mill process benchmark using simulated data and the second case is on a reboiler in a Canadian thermomechanical pulp mill. The results obtained demonstrate that the accuracy of the proposed approach is higher than the accuracy of every single classifier and other comparable methods applied to such complex industrial processes. The results have helped the mill operators correctly identify the causes of abnormal events and have contributed to significant energy savings and reduction in Greenhouse Gas (GHG) emissions.

Integrating Urban Land Tenure Security in Health Determinants: The Design of Indicators for Measuring Land Tenure Security and Health Relationships in Developing Country Contexts.

Both urban land tenure insecurity and poor urban health outcomes are research topics of urban geographers and health experts. However, health outcomes or patterns are hardly measured in relation to land tenure security. There are no clear measures or indicators of if and how these two issues interrelate and which type of land tenure deficiency is likely to lead to which kind of health outcomes or patterns. To address this knowledge quandary, we reviewed literature to identify which characteristics of land tenure could relate to which types of health outcomes. The review found four specific land tenure security pathways which significantly influence health outcomes. For each of these, it is possible to identify a set of indicators which could measure the extent of interrelation between land tenure security and health. The result of this process is the design of a list of 46 land tenure-enabled indicators that can be applied empirically. The indicators demonstrate how to design a transdisciplinary approach that connects land management and global urban health knowledge spaces.

Policy influence in the knowledge space: a regional application

Cluster policies aim at improving collaboration between co-located actors to address systemic failures. As yet, cluster policy evaluations are mainly concerned with effects on firm performance. Some recent studies move to the system level by assessing how the structure of actor-based knowledge networks is affected by such policies. We continue in that direction and analyze how technology-based regional knowledge spaces are shaped by the introduction of a cluster policy. Taking the example of the German BioRegio contest, we examine how such knowledge spaces in winning and non-winning regions evolved before, during and after the policy. Using a difference-in-differences approach, we identify treatment effects of increased knowledge space embeddedness of biotechnology only in the post-treatment period. Our findings imply that cluster policies can have long-term structural effects typically not accounted for in policy evaluations.

Exploring Educational Designs by Schematic Models: Visualizing Educational Value and Critical Issues of Recognition and Socio-Material Frames

Drawing on experiences from a large-scale Nordic co-design research project, this paper explores the development of cross-border blended education with the aim to strengthen students’ Nordic identity and knowledge of neighboring Nordic languages illuminating the flow of didactical designs students were offered to engage in, i.e. the knowledge content, activities, spaces and resources. The iterative, three-year educational development of designing for learning proved to provide space for shared and collaborative knowledge development involving students in rich, authentic, and goal-oriented inter-Nordic comprehension practices on multiple levels, addressing content-related as well as contextual frames in teaching situations. Schematic models of the didactical designs revealed initial dis-alignment and diverse appropriation of modes and media in parallel cooperative activities combined with collaborative cross-border face-to-face talk promoting students to take perspective, compare, and contrast. Addressing the socio-material frames of teaching gave an opportunity to discover new learning goals and design activities in new adequate arrangements of the physical classroom and the digital space. The analysis demonstrates that students developed linguistic, cultural, critical, and digital competences of varied educational value based on the teams’ divergent approaches to knowledge processes to incorporate digital technologies in teaching practice. The study highlights the critical factors of recognizing digital, multimodal meaning-making and informal skills as means to promote learning and schools’ remaining insufficient provision of digital infrastructure for learning activities in blended learning environments.

Circuits of Time: Enacting Postgenomics in Indigenous Australia

Some Indigenous Australians have embraced developmental origins of health and disease (DOHaD) and epigenetic discourses to highlight the legacies of slow violence in a settler colonial context. Despite important differences between Indigenous and scientific knowledges, some Indigenous scholars are positioning DOHaD and epigenetics as a resource to benefit their communities. This article argues that time plays a crucial role of brokering disparate knowledge spaces in Indigenous discourses of postgenomics, with both Indigenous cosmological frames and DOHaD/epigenetics centring a circular temporal model. Drawing on interview data with scientists who work in Indigenous health, and broader ethnographic work in Indigenous Australian contexts where epigenetics is deployed, this article explores how different circularities of space and time become entangled to co-produce narratives of historical trauma. We use the concept of biocircularity to understand the complex ways that Indigenous and postgenomic temporalities are separated and connected, circling each other to produce a postcolonial articulation of postgenomics as a model of collective embodiment and distributed responsibility.

Review of Axel Seemann, the shared world: Perceptual common knowledge, demonstrative communication, and social space, Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 2019

Review of Axel Seemann, the shared world: Perceptual common knowledge, demonstrative communication, and social space, Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 2019

Knowledge spaces in architecture and urbanism – a preliminary five-year chronicle

PurposeCommemorating the 15th year anniversary of discourse, knowledge dissemination in architecture and urbanism through the contributions published in Archnet-IJAR: International Journal of Architectural Research, since March 2007, this article aims to capture, unpack and categorize the key content of published research outputs during the last five years into knowledge spaces.Design/methodology/approachWhile referring to key statistics of various recognized databases in order to highlight the journal growth, development and performance, the approach to the analysis is inspired by Crysler's Writing Spaces: Discourses of Architecture, Urbanism and the Built Environment. This is established through a preliminary conceptual content analysis that enables the development of specific content categories representing knowledge spaces based on the overall contributions to the journal since its inception in 2007 and then mapping the recent contributions, developed over the past five years (2017–2021), to these knowledge spaces. The thrust of the analysis is to instigate a structured understanding of Archnet-IJAR role in the development and dissemination of knowledge in architecture and urbanism.FindingsThe examination of the content and the analysis reveal two broad categories of knowledge spaces: established and evolving. Established knowledge spaces are recognized in terms of theorizing architectural and urban production; the public realm and assessment of designed environments; housing, the informal and the vernacular; urban heritage and historic environments; and architectural and urban politics. Evolving knowledge spaces were acknowledged in terms of architectural education and design pedagogy; collaborative planning and community design; architectural and urban sustainability and resilience; health, wellbeing and engaging with nature; and COVID-19 spatial and pedagogical implications. Characterized by clear definition and at the same time transparent borders, the identified knowledge spaces have the potential of generating further possibilities for future knowledge spaces.Research limitations/implicationsIn addition to a holistic analysis based on the scrutiny of contributions as they progressed from submissions to reviews to publishing, future work would involve more systematization, in-depth engagement with metadata and should benefit from IT applications and data mining software packages.Practical implicationsThis article is regarded as a cognizance platform and an enabling mechanism for researchers and future contributors to identify the unique particularities of their research, the nature of the content they aim to develop and the way in which that content may contribute to one or more knowledge spaces.Originality/valueEstablishing an understanding of the knowledge spaces which represent contributions published in Archnet-IJAR, the knowledge spaces identified demonstrate diversity and plurality; diversity in ontological interpretations of the nature of reality and plurality and pluri-epistemology in terms of how methods are pursued and the way in which such interpretations are developed, recorded, documented and communicated. These are knowledge spaces of possibilities and anticipation of growth, evolution and development.

Skills and fuzzy knowledge structures

In knowledge space theory (KST), knowledge structure is an effective feature to evaluate individuals’ knowledge and guide future learning. How to construct knowledge structures is one of the key research problems in KST. At present, the knowledge structure has been generalized to the polytomous knowledge structure. This article mainly focuses on the special polytomous knowledge structures delineated by skills, which are called fuzzy knowledge structures. We consider how to construct fuzzy knowledge structures based on the relationship between items and skills, and how to find the learning paths for specific knowledge domains. First, we construct knowledge structures in four models, which are the conjunctive model of skill maps, the disjunctive and conjunctive models of fuzzy skill maps, and the competency model of fuzzy skill multimaps. Second, we assess individuals’ skills and find the learning paths for the specific knowledge domains in the first three models. Finding the learning paths for a specific knowledge domain can guide learning and improve the learning efficiency of individuals. Finally, we analyze some data sets to show that the algorithms proposed are effective and applicable. These works can be applied to adaptive learning systems, which bring great convenience for assessing individuals’ knowledge and guiding future learning.

New directions in science emerge from disconnection and discord

Science is built on scholarly consensus that shifts with time. This raises the question of how new and revolutionary ideas are evaluated and become accepted into the canon of science. Using two recently proposed metrics, atypicality and diruption, we measure how research draws upon novel combinations of prior research and the degree it creates a new direction by eclipsing its intellectual forebears in subsequent work. Atypical papers are nearly two times more likely to disrupt science than conventional papers, but this is a slow process taking ten years or longer for disruption scores to converge. We provide the first computational model reformulating atypicality as the distance across latent knowledge spaces learned by neural networks. The evolution of this knowledge space characterizes how yesterday's novelty forms today's scientific conventions, which condition the noveltyof tomorrow's breakthroughs.

Creating space for indigenous knowledge in Māori-medium mathematics classrooms

The evolution of Māori-medium mathematics education has been instrumental in supporting the revitalisation of the Māori language, but less so for Māori cultural knowledge. This paper examines the enduring legacy of colonialism in repressing the illumination and honouring of Māori knowledge, one of the key goals of Māori-medium schooling. Colonialism and intersectional forms of power and oppression are deeply rooted in education systems and are difficult to change, as this power is manifested and maintained in State-mandated curriculum and policy. This paper draws on the cultural symmetry framework to examine the opportunities that Māori-medium mathematics educators have taken to create space to illuminate Māori knowledge in the teaching and learning of mathematics.

Weakly Correlated Knowledge Integration for Few-shot Image Classification

Various few-shot image classification methods indicate that transferring knowledge from other sources can improve the accuracy of the classification. However, most of these methods work with one single source or use only closely correlated knowledge sources. In this paper, we propose a novel weakly correlated knowledge integration (WCKI) framework to address these issues. More specifically, we propose a unified knowledge graph (UKG) to integrate knowledge transferred from different sources (i.e., visual domain and textual domain). Moreover, a graph attention module is proposed to sample the subgraph from the UKG with low complexity. To avoid explicitly aligning the visual features to the potentially biased and weakly correlated knowledge space, we sample a task-specific subgraph from UKG and append it as latent variables. Our framework demonstrates significant improvements on multiple few-shot image classification datasets.

Digital library services to support online learning amid COVID-19: a study of a private university library in Bangladesh

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to discuss the East West University Library’s (EWUL’s) response to COVID-19 situation through their transformation to digital services. The paper tries to explain how these digital library services support the user community of East West University (EWU) in online teaching and access to information resources.Design/methodology/approachThis paper describes the EWUL’s several digital services that are used to meet the needs of its user community during the COVID-19 pandemic. The reflective practice approach has been undertaken for this study on the basis of the authors’ personal experiences working at an academic library. The authors used the reflective practice approach to assess the library’s practice during crisis situation, make the use of technological interventions in service providing and also to re-innovate the digital services for future.FindingsDuring the pandemic, the library shifted all the possible physical or on-site services to digital services, i.e. online resource facilities and remote access to these, federated searching, Web online public access catalog, engaging users through social media, specialized knowledge space, online document delivery, article on request, information literacy training, virtual reference service, etc. The user engagement in all these services is also notable.Research limitations/implicationsThe nature of this study is limited to the COVID-19 pandemic and within a particular geographic location.Practical implicationsThis paper has implications and possible applications for other university libraries in developing countries, which intends to transform their services into digital for ensuring better service quality for their respective user community.Originality/valueThis paper makes a valuable contribution to the literature on how a private university library of a developing country is responding to pandemics such as COVID-19.

A neuroevolutionary method for knowledge space construction

In this paper we propose a novel method for the construction of knowledge spaces based on neuroevolution. The main advantage of the proposed approach is that it is more suitable for constructing large knowledge spaces than other traditional data-driven methods. The core idea of the method is that if knowledge states are considered as neurons in a neural network, the optimal topology of such a neural network is also the optimal knowledge space. To apply the neuroevolutionary method, a set of analogies between knowledge spaces and neural networks was established and described in this paper. This approach is evaluated in comparison with the minimized and corrected inductive item tree analysis, de facto standard algorithm for the data-driven knowledge space construction, and the comparison confirms the assumptions.

Institutionalization of theology: Experience and prospects

The article explores the institutionalization of theology in domestic scientific and educational society, which is understood as a set of processes, as a result of which theological research receives the status of scientific research in the public consciousness of scientists, while theology itself acquires the contours of a scientific discipline. The processes of institutionalizing theology, providing it with a place in the space of knowledge, leads to the fact that basic criteria for evaluating a scientific product begin to spread to theological research, which gives rise to a number of theoretical and methodological difficulties. One of the most important criteria in evaluating a scientific product is the requirement of “novelty” and “originality” of scientific research, which cannot be mechanically extended to theological research. It is obvious that neither in theology nor in other areas of scientific knowledge can these criteria be considered apart from other traditional requirements that scientific research must meet. The authors believe that behind the disputes about the content of the criteria for novelty and originality of theological research, there are discussions about the status of the humanities that have not been resolved at the conceptual and methodological level. In addition, theology is often compared with the philosophy of religion, religious philosophy, and/or religious studies. In this regard, the norms of novelty and originality of research that have developed in these disciplines are often automatically transferred to the space of theology. As a result of the analysis of the specifics of theological knowledge, the authors came to the conclusion that discoveries in the field of theology are becoming not so many factors in the revolutionary breaking of stable theological concepts, but a tool for their consistent improvement within the existing paradigm.

Імплементація економіки знань у корпоративних стратегіях міжнародних корпорацій

The article substantiates the problem of the need to transition to a new type of economy - the knowledge economy of all business entities and the country as a whole. In turn, the active transition to the knowledge economy determines the direction of development of modern corporations and enterprises. Therefore, an effective mechanism for ensuring a high level of competitiveness in the modern conditions of the knowledge economy is the intellectualization of the enterprise, and the prerequisite for its implementation is the use and multiplication of intellectual potential. In the post-industrial economy, two aspects - knowledge management and intellectualization processes are a significant challenge for the growth of the company's competitiveness. Therefore, the authors substantiated that an effective mechanism for ensuring a high level of competitiveness of corporations in modern conditions of the knowledge economy is its intellectualization. A significant number of important institutional problems of the implementation of the knowledge economy model in the management practice of all subjects of economic activity of Ukraine and factors inhibiting the process of implementation of the knowledge economy are outlined. It was determined that at the macro-level of management, a significant factor inhibiting the process of implementing the knowledge economy is the insufficient systematicity and coherence of state policy. An important task is the implementation of the national policy for the implementation of regulatory documents, which form the basis of the knowledge economy. However, the actual implementation process in Ukraine is still at an initial stage, and it has inherent systemic problems. The authors proposed a logical model of the knowledge management system of the corporation, which represents the intellectual space of the corporate structure (or knowledge space), which includes the processes of knowledge transformation and unification of people, and at the same time provides open and permanent access to all information resources and the possibility of repeatedly referring to them, and accordingly, in this way, a certain complex of knowledge is formed in the corporation. And the process of knowledge management is a qualitatively new level of management of the intellectual assets of the corporation, which allows not only to open regulated access of personnel to individually formalized knowledge, but also to administer the main volume of corporate knowledge (both formal and informal). Thus, knowledge management acts as a link of the corporation's strategy and is the basis of the formation of powerful competitive advantages of the corporation in the international market, and is also in relationship with all its strategic goals and objectives, focusing on their constant changes in the conditions of the external changing environment.

Creation of a Knowledge Space by Semantically Linking Data Repository and Knowledge Management System - a Use Case from Production Engineering

The seamless documentation of research data flows from generation, processing, analysis, publication, and reuse is of utmost importance when dealing with large amounts of data. Semantic linking of process documentation and gathered data creates a knowledge space enabling the discovery of relations between steps of process chains. This paper shows the design of two systems for data deposit and for process documentation using semantic annotations and linking on a use case of a process chain step of the Tailored Forming Technology.