Space Vector Pulse Width Modulation Inverter Research Articles

LVRT Enhancement of DFIG-based WECS using SVPWM-based Inverter Control

Abstract: Across many countries, wind turbine generation systems (WTGS) have been established over the past few decades. In this paper, we augment the low voltage ride-through (LVRT) enrichment facility of driving a DFIG-based wind energy conversion system (WECS) using space vector pulse width modulation (SVPWM)-based inverter control. The proposed technique employs an SVPWM-based control algorithm to regulate the voltage and frequency of the output power during grid faults, thereby enhancing the WECS's ability to remain connected to the grid and provide power. The study focuses on decreasing transient current throughout the instant of fault. Modeling and control approaches were also discussed in this study. The performance of the proposed technique is evaluated using MATLAB/Simulink simulations, and the results demonstrate that the technique effectively improves the LVRT capability of the DFIG-based WECS. Background: Due to the variation in wind speed, the power generated by wind turbines is inconsistent. The power generated and the losses in wind turbines change correspondingly with changes in wind speed. The only type of machine that can generate power at speeds below the fixed speed is the doubly-fed induction generator (DFIG). But DFIG is oversensitive to network faults, which makes the bidirectional converters and DC link capacitor fail due to high inrush current and over-voltage. Methods: The converters connected to DFIG consist of an AC-to-DC converter, a boost converter, and a space vector pulse width modulation (SVPWM)-based DC-AC converter. The performance of the SVPWM controller is analyzed during symmetrical and unsymmetrical fault conditions. Results: The anticipated control provides adequate reactive power support to the network through the time of the fault and improves voltage and current waveform. The reactive power flow is also analyzed, and the effectiveness of the proposed controller is verified using MATLAB and Simulink. Conclusion: SVPWM (Space Vector Pulse Width Modulation)-based inverter control is an effective technique for wind energy conversion systems (WECS). The use of SVPWM can provide accurate and precise control of the AC voltage generated from the DC voltage source, resulting in improved system efficiency and reduced harmonic distortion in the output waveform. : The comparative analysis of THD suggests that SVPWM is a superior technique compared to other inverter control techniques such as sine-triangle pulse width modulation (SPWM) and carrier-based pulse width modulation (CPWM). SVPWM can help to reduce the distortion in the output waveform, leading to improved system efficiency, reduced wear on the system components, and overall better performance of the WECS. Furthermore, SVPWM offers several advantages over other inverter control techniques, including better utilization of DC voltage, improved voltage control, and better utilization of switching devices. These advantages make SVPWM a valuable tool for optimizing the operation of WECS and improving the reliability and performance of renewable energy systems. The value of THD for SVPWM inverter control in WECS is 1.53 under symmetrical fault and 1.34 for unsymmetrical fault, respectively. In summary, the use of SVPWM-based inverter control for WECS is an effective way to improve the efficiency and performance of the system while reducing the distortion in the output waveform and providing adequate reactive power support. The advantages of SVPWM over other inverter control techniques make it a valuable tool for the development and optimization of renewable energy systems.

Sensorless Speed Control for PMSM Based on Multi-Level SVPWM Inverter and MRAS

Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motors (PMSM) are extensively used in the industry owing to their excellent efficiency, low weight/power ratio, and smooth torque with no or minimal ripple. Field Oriented Control (FOC) is a modern and effective approach for closed-loop controlling the speed of PMSM. In this paper, three-level Space Vector Pulse Width Modulation (SVPWM) is proposed for minimizing harmonics in the output voltage inverter. sensorless approaches are performed by using Model Reference Adaptive System (MRAS) which eliminates mechanical uncertainties. Because mechanical sensors increase the cost, size, weight, and wiring complexity, employing PMSM with them is extremely difficult Tuning of Proportional Integral (PI) controller gains is performed by using the Whale Optimization Algorithm (WOA). The results show that the proposed controller enhances the system's performance. In the application of felid-oriented control to a PMSM, with simulation data to back it up the entire system is simulated using the MATLAB/Simulink tool. Index Terms— PMSM, SVPWM, FOC, MRAS, WOA.

Indirect Vector Control of Linear Induction Motors Using Space Vector Pulse Width Modulation

Vector control schemes have recently been used to drive linear induction motors (LIM) in high-performance applications. This trend promotes the development of precise and efficient control schemes for individual motors. This research aims to present a novel framework for speed and thrust force control of LIM using space vector pulse width modulation (SVPWM) inverters. The framework under consideration is developed in four stages. To begin, MATLAB Simulink was used to develop a detailed mathematical and electromechanical dynamic model. The research presents a modified SVPWM inverter control scheme. By tuning the proportional-integral (PI) controller with a transfer function, optimized values for the PI controller are derived. All the subsystems mentioned above are integrated to create a robust simulation of the LIM’s precise speed and thrust force control scheme. The reference speed values were chosen to evaluate the performance of the respective system, and the developed system’s response was verified using various data sets. For the low-speed range, a reference value of 10 m/s is used, while a reference value of 100 m/s is used for the high-speed range. The speed output response indicates that the motor reached reference speed in a matter of seconds, as the delay time is between 8 and 10 s. The maximum amplitude of thrust achieved is less than 400 N, demonstrating the controller’s capability to control a high-speed LIM with minimal thrust ripple. Due to the controlled speed range, the developed system is highly recommended for low-speed and high-speed and heavy-duty traction applications.

Direct torque control of non-salient pole AFPMSMs with SVPWM inverter

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Power Quality Analysis of a Hybrid Microgrid-Based SVM Inverter-Fed Induction Motor Drive with Modulation Index Diversification

The effects of varying modulation indices on the current and voltage harmonics of an induction motor (IM) powered by a three-phase space vector pulse-width modulation (SVM) inverter are presented in this research. The effects were examined using simulation and an experimental setup. IMs can be governed by an SVM inverter drive or a phase-angle control drive for applications that require varying speeds. The analysis of THD content in this study used the modulation index (MI), whose modification affects the harmonic content, and voltage-oriented control (VOC) with SVM in three-phase pulse-width modulation (PWM) inverters with fixed switching frequencies. The control technique relies on two cascaded feedback loops, one controlling the grid current and the other regulating the dc-link voltage to maintain the required level of dc-bus voltage. The control strategy was developed to transform between stationary (α–β) and synchronously rotating (d–q) coordinate systems. To test the viability of the suggested control technique, a 1-hp/3-phase/415-V experimental prototype system built on the DSPACE DS1104 platform was created, and the outcomes were evaluated with sinusoidal pulse-width modulation (SPWM).

Indirect Space Vector Modeling of Asynchronous Motor for High-Speed Electric Vehicle Propulsion

This paper presents a high performance squirrel-cage asynchronous motor (ASM) drive, proposed for high-speed electric vehicle (EV) propulsion. This is an indirect space vector control (IDSVC) scheme in the rotor flux frame of reference, in which the modeling is based on synchronously rotating coordinate system transformation. Space vector pulse width modulation (SVPWM) inverter fetches the controlled stator direct and quadrature axis responses from the speed and current controllers and supply necessary voltages to stator of ASM. The output voltage waveforms of SVPWM inverter are not sinusoidal in nature, which allows undesired harmonics at high frequency of operation. This due to inconsistent switching frequency. A second-order low-pass (SOLP) RLC filter with Butterworth approximation and was designed and connected in series with SVPWM inverter to grab harmonic free speed and torque profile during high speed operations. Similarly, another SOLP with a quality factor equal to 2 is designed and speed profiles of both filters are compared. The system is developed and simulated in MATLAB/SIMULINK to observe the speed and torque tracking capabilities. Simulation results show that the performance of drive under steady and dynamic states were good with Butterworth filter approximation with robust IDSVC scheme adopted over wide range speed-drive curve.

Performance Analysis of Three-Phase Inverter Using Different Techniques for the Grid- Connected Pv System

The model of a three-phase voltage source inverter is examined based on space vector theory. SVPWM offers an improved outcome with the inverter as compared to the conservative SPWM technique for the inverter. There is a 15.5% upsurge in the line voltage of the inverter. SVPWM better exploits the available DC-link power with the SVPWM inverter. It has been revealed that the SVPWM method utilizes DC bus voltage extra competently and produces a smaller amount of harmonic distortion and easier digital realization in a three-phase voltage-source inverter. For converter‘s gating signals generation, the space-vector pulse width modulation (SVPWM) strategy lessens the switching losses by restricting the switching to two-thirds of the pulse duty cycle. A hypothetical study regarding the use of the SVPWM the three-level voltage inverter and simulation results are offered to prove the usefulness of the SVPWM in the involvement in the switching power losses lessening, output voltages with fewer harmonics. Nevertheless, despite all the above-cited benefits that SVPWM enjoys over SPWM, the SVPWM technique used in three-level inverters is more difficult on account of a large number of inverter switching states. The attained simulation outcomes were satisfactory. As prospects, future experimental works will authenticate the simulation results. A software simulation model is developed in Matlab/Simulink.

Saliency-Based Permanent Magnet Machine Position Sensorless Drive Using Proposed PWM Injection and Shunt-Based Current Sensing for Position Estimation

For saliency-based position sensorless drives, the switching frequency pulsewidth modulation (PWM) voltage injection can achieve noise-free position estimation which is suited for high-performance motion systems. However, considering the switching frequency injection, multiple phase currents should be sampled per PWM cycle instead of single average current. It leads to the implementation issue on the space-vector PWM (SVPWM) inverter using shunt resistor current sensing for machine control. In this article, a modified PWM injection instead of SVPWM injection is proposed for the saliency-based drive using shunt current sensing. It is concluded that at least two transient currents can be sampled per PWM cycle based on the proposed PWM control. More importantly, the field-oriented control is maintained when the saliency-based drive is applied. A 2 kW permanent magnet (PM) machine is used for the experimental verification. This article includes the position estimation comparison using either the proposed PWM injection with shunt resistors or standard SVPWM with Hall-effect sensors.

RESEARCH AND DESIGN OF GRID-CONNECTED INVERTER IN PHOTOVOLTAIC SYSTEM WITH SVPWM TECHNIQUE

This paper presents the design and simulation of three phase grid-connected inverter for photovoltaic systems with power ratings up to 5 kW. In this research, the application of Space Vector Pulse Width Modulation (SVPWM) technique for inverter is explored. With the use of SVPWM inverter, synchronization between the inverter and electrical grid follows the Phaselocked Loop (PLL) algorithm. The proposed design is simulated and validated by experimental results.

A novel sensorless current shaping control approach for SVPWM inverter with voltage disturbance rejection in a dc grid–based wind power generation system

AbstractA novel sensorless current shaping (CS) control strategy is proposed to avail better power quality (PQ) of a dc grid–based wind power generation system (WPGS) used on a poultry farm by generating an appropriate reference current for space vector pulse width modulation (SVPWM) inverter. The proposed CS strategy also offers adequate control for parallel operation of multiple generators and inverter applications, without requiring voltage and frequency synchronization. Further, to control the poultry farm–based WPGS, a two‐stage control loop is implemented such as energy flow control loop (EFCL) and harmonic control loop (HCL). The first loop is used to regulate the power flow, and the second loop is used to compensate harmonics. A mathematical current decomposition technique is suggested for an appropriate resistance emulation to realize a better power flow, higher harmonic rejection, and better inverter operation. In this planned approach for attaining constant wind speed, an electric ventilation fan in the poultry farm is used. A combined hybrid dc and ac grid approaches are suggested for facilitating variable load integration in a poultry farm–based microgrid system. Moreover, for achieving better power management during the islanded mode of operation, the battery energy storage (BES) device is integrated with the dc grid through a bidirectional converter. The proposed WPGS design and control approach has been simulated through MATLAB/Simulink software under various test conditions, to demonstrate the operational capability, to achieve better PQ, and to increase the flexibility and reliability in the microgrid operation.

Design and Analysis of Closed Loop Control of Multilevel SVPWM Inverter Fed PMSM Drive

Permanent magnet synchronous machines have been universally used over induction machines in variable speed drives. For present trends and future developments, power electronics technology gives the extensive research of multilevel inverters that brings high safety voltages with low harmonic content in comparison with two-level inverter strategies. Multi level inverters implementation can be done by raising the number of power semi conductor controlled switching devices per phase to increase the number of inverter output voltage levels. By increasing the levels, power controlled switching devices and other components are increased, which makes the inverter complex and overpriced. From the above aspects, three-phase three-level inverter strategy is used for high performance and high voltage A.C drives. Multilevel inverter using a space vector pulse width modulation (SVPWM) strategy gives great advantages in high performance A.C drive applications. Various types of control strategies have been recommended for voltage source inverter fed A.C drives. In the proposed work, a PI controller is designed for the outer loop and non-linear controller using a state feedback linearization technique is designed for the inner loop. The closed loop control system for three-level inverter fed Permanent magnet synchronous motor drive employing SVPWM is extensively simulated using MATLAB.

An Extensive Practical Investigation of FPSO-Based MPPT for Grid Integrated PV System Under Variable Operating Conditions With Anti-Islanding Protection

Maximum power point trackers (MPPT) are required in order to obtain optimal photovoltaic power. To achieve this task, an intelligent fuzzy particle swarm optimization (FPSO) MPPT algorithm has been proposed in this paper. Also an inverter control strategy has been gated with a ripple factor compensation-based modified space vector pulse width modulation (SVPWM) method. The proposed system performance is verified under varying sun irradiance, partial shadow, and loading conditions. For load bus voltage regulation, the buck-boost Zeta converter is selected due to least ripple voltage output. The experimental responses verify the efficiency and improved system performance, which is realized through a MATLAB/Simulink interfaced dSPACE DS1104 real-time board. The proposed MPPT and inverter current controller provides high tracking efficiency and anti-islanding protection with superior dynamic control of the system performance by injecting sinusoidal inverter current to the utility grid. The novelty of this paper is experimental implementation and verification of FPSO-based hybrid MPPT as well as modified SVPWM inverter control has neither been discussed nor implemented before using dSPACE platform by the author's best review.

Speed Control of an Induction Motor Fed by an Inverter Using dSPACE Controller

This paper presents the design and implementation of Inverter system for driving three phase Induction motor using DSPACE DS1104 controller with the controlling objective space vector pulse width modulation (SVPWM) technique. AC motor drives are commonly used over DC motor drives because of their more advantages. Induction motor is the most commonly used AC motor drive for various industrial and domestic applications. The project will be commenced by a basic understanding of SVPWM inverter, components used in the design and study the mathematical equations of the Induction motor. The performance of SVPWM based Induction motor (IM) in open loop is presented with simulation. Here the hardware implementation of the three phase inverter which is fed to a three phase induction motor driven by DSPACE CP1104 is been implemented.

Low Order Harmonic Analysis of 3-Phase SPWM and SV-PWM Inverter Systems Driving an Unbalanced 3-Phase Induction Motor Load

The Variable Frequency Drives (VFD) are a common type of controlling the speed of 3-phase induction motors which are based on two control modulation techniques of Voltage Source Inverter: Sinusoidal Pulse Width Modulation (SPWM) and Space Vector Pulse Width Modulation (SV-PWM). The SPWM control technique is known as an easier implementation, but the SV-PWM control technique can be distinguished by an easier digital realization and a better utilization of DC bus. All 3-phase PWM inverters produce a total harmonic distortion (THD) on its output, which causes electromechanical and thermal stresses. The aim of this paper is comparing the low order current harmonics while driving an unbalanced 3-phase induction motor (the case of deterioration of the insulation as a result of inter-turn short circuits between few turns of the same phase) using SPWM and SV-PWM two-level 3-phase Voltage Source Inverters (VSI). For this type of unbalanced 3-phase induction motor, the SVPWM and SV-PWM schemes are modeled and simulated using Matlab/Simulink software. A detailed comparative analysis of THD-phase currents is made for both modulation strategies at different switching frequencies while keeping the constant amplitude modulation index.

A Random Forest Regression Based Space Vector PWM Inverter Controller for the Induction Motor Drive

This paper presents a random forest (RF) regression based implementation of space vector pulse width modulation (SVPWM) for a two-level inverter to improve the performance of the three-phase induction motor (TIM) drive. The RF scheme offers the advantage of rapid implementation and improved prediction for the SVPWM algorithm to improve the performance of a conventional space vector modulation scheme. In order to show the superiority of the proposed RF technique to other techniques, an adaptive neuro fuzzy inference system (ANFIS) and artificial neural network (ANN) based SVPWM schemes are also used and compared. The proposed speed controller uses a backtracking search algorithm to search for the best values for the proportional-integral controller parameters. The robustness of the RF-based SVPWM is found superior to the ANFIS and ANN controllers in all tested cases in terms of damping capability, settling time, steady-state error, and transient response under different operating conditions. The prototype of the optimal RF-based SVPWM inverter controller of induction motor drive is fabricated and tested. Several experimental results show that there is a good agreement of the speed response and stator current with the simulation results which are verified and validated the performance of the proposed RF-based SVPWM inverter controller.

New Equivalent Circuit of the IPM-Type BLDC Motor for Calculation of Shaft Voltage by Considering Electric and Magnetic Fields

Fast switching and common-mode voltage of the space vector pulse-width modulation inverter output create several parasitic capacitances according to the geometry of the motor. The windings emit the electric and magnetic flux inside of the motor. They create capacitance links and electromotive force (EMF) in the shaft, respectively. Those capacitance links and EMF generate a current through two bearings of the shaft and directly reduces the bearing lifetime. In this study, we propose a new design of equivalent circuit, taking into account all parasitic capacitor components.

English

This paper presents a design and simulation of modulation and Fuzzy control strategies are plays main role to minimize THD in Multilevel inverter. These modulation techniques include Sinusoidal Pulse Width Modulation (SPWM) and Selective harmonic Elimination and Space Vector Pulse Width Modulation (SVPWM).Multilevel inverters have tremendous application in the area of high-power and mediumvoltage energy control. This paper presents a model simulation of Fuzzy based SVPWM is performed for cascaded H-bridge inverter in hybrid vehicles. The Simulation of various levels of cascaded H bridge inverter with Space vector PWM has been carried out. The Implementation and simulation of SVPWM inverter are presented to realize the validity of the Fuzzy based SVPWM technique.

English

This paper proposes the use of H-bridge inverter for feeding a Permanent magnet Synchronous Machine (PMSM) in Electric Vehicle (EV) applications which allows the power transferred from the electrical source to the mechanical load and on the other hand to operate in degraded operating mode even though with one or several phases nonsupplied. In this first an existing method such as three phase inverter by associating fourth extra bridge is connected to the neutral point of the PMSM is presented to operate during degraded modes. Then, an analysis is to differentiate the operation in both normal mode and in degraded mode by using a Space-vector pulse width modulation (SVPWM) control synthesis is carried out for four-leg inverter and H-bridge inverter. Finally, the results are compared and discussed by implementing the control strategies in MATLAB/Simulink. The proposed methods has a considerable reduction of current ripple in case of PMSM stator windings supplied by 3 H-bridges separately. The SVPWM inverter enables to feed the motor with a higher voltage with low harmonic distortions than the conventional sinusoidal PWM inverter.

Micro-Grid Inverter AC Side Load Voltage Stability Control Based on SVPWM

Space vector pulse width modulation (SVPWM) technology can significantly reduce the harmonic content of the inverter output voltage and increase voltage stability compared to other modulation techniques. This paper apply the SVPWM technology in the micro-grid inverter side load voltage stability control, on the basis of dual loop vector inverter control and the basic principles and algorithms of SVPWM. The MATLAB/Simulink simulation show that the response based on SVPWM inverter system changes very rapid load ,the AC side load voltage and frequency control is also very stable.

Speed sensorless control of a six‐phase induction motor drive using backstepping control

In this study, a direct torque and flux control is described for a six-phase asymmetrical speed and voltage sensorless induction machine (IM) drive, based on non-linear backstepping control approach. First, the decoupled torque and flux controllers are developed based on Lyapunov theory, using the machine two axis equations in the stationary reference frame. In this control scheme, the actual stator voltages are determined from dc-link voltage using the switching pattern of the space vector pulse-width modulation inverter. Then, for a given motor load torque and rotor speed, a so-called fast search method is used to maximise the motor efficiency. According to this method, the rotor reference flux is decreased in the small steps, until the average of real input power to the motor reaches to a minimum value. In addition, a model reference adaptive system-based observer is employed for online estimating of the rotor speed. Finally, the feasibility of the proposed control scheme is verified by simulation and experimental results.