Space Vector Pulse Width Modulation Control Research Articles

DSP based space vector PWM control for solar electric vehicle

Solar Electric Vehicles (SEV) are considered the future vehicles to solve the issues of air pollution, global warming, and the rapid decreases of the petroleum resources facing the current transportation technology. However, SEV are still facing important technical obstacles to overcome. They include batteries energy storage capacity, charging times, efficiency of the solar panels and electrical propulsion systems. Solving any of those problems and electric vehicles will compete-complement the internal combustion engines vehicles. In the present work, we propose an electrical propulsion system based on three phase induction motor in order to obtain the desired speed and torque with less power loss. Because of the need to lightweight nature, small volume, low cost, less maintenance and high efficiency system, a three phase squirrel cage induction motor (IM) is selected in the electrical propulsion system. The IM is fed from three phase inverter operated by a constant V/F control method and Space Vector Pulse Width Modulation (SVPWM) algorithm. The proposed control strategy has been implemented on the texas instruments TM320F2812 Digital Signal Processor (DSP) to generate SVPWM signal needed to trigger the gates of IGBT based inverter. The inverter used in this work is a three phase inverter IRAMY20UP60B type. The experimental results show the ability of the proposed control strategy to generate a three-phase sine wave signal with desired frequency. The proposed control strategy is experimented on a locally manufactured EV prototype. The results show that the EV prototype can be propelled to speed up to 60km/h under different road conditions.

Efficiency analysis of the SVPWM control using the simulink electrical library and implemented in the Lucas Nulle practice modules

The purpose of this research is to analyze the efficiency of an induction motor controller, using space vector pulse width modulation (SVPWM) in open loop. With a constant torque of 1.5 Newton per meter. It is carried out by applying the mathematical model, the formulas for commutation times and space vectors in Simulink taking into account the maximum and minimum values of operation by applying the SVPWM method to generate the trigger signal in the Insulated Gate Bipolar Transistor bridge. (IGBT's), implementing the model in the Lucas Nulle practice module, taking the power data and calculating the efficiency to compare with the mathematical model and validate, resulting that the controller efficiency varies according to the switching speed of the semiconductor block, with the operation of a motor of 0.37kW and 1KW at a speed of 200rpm the efficiency of the controller reaches a value of 72.67% in the physical model that consists of 6 IGBT's of 1 kVA and 69% in the simulated model presenting an error of 5% and a switching speed of the IGBT's of 248.641ms.

Performance Analysis of Three Phase Induction Motor With Variable Frequency Drives Using Pulse Generator Pwm and Svpwm

Three-phase induction motor is an alternating current motor that is most widely used in industry or offices. In principle, the induction motor is operated at a constant speed, if the induction motor is given a load that is not balanced with its constant speed, the speed of the induction motor will change. For this reason, one of the common methods used to adjust the rotational speed of an induction motor as desired is to use a Variable Frequency Drive (VFD). The VFD can be controlled by pulse generator PWM (pulse width modulation) and SVPWM (space-vector pulse width modulation) which are part of the value of the frequency and modulation index. In this final project, what is investigated and compared for more optimal results is the PWM and SVPWM output values with the variables of Rotor Speed, Slip, Fslip, Stator Current, and THD (Total Harmonic Distortion). In this thesis, a comparison of simulation with MATLAB between PWM and SVPWM is carried out using design and experimental methods. The final result obtained is for Rotor Speed, SVPWM control is more optimal with an average percentage of 2.2%. For more optimal SVPWM control slip reaches 1.53%. for Fslip control SVPWM is more optimal reaching 0.76%, SVPWM control produces a smaller current consumption at a frequency of 50 - 40 Hz. for THD Current, PWM control is more optimal with a percentage of 1.07%

A 3-layered feedforward back-propagation ANN-based SVPWM control for neutral point clamped converter for PV grid integration

Most of the power electronic converters based on the devices such as Silicon Controlled Rectifiers (SCRs) have been broadly utilized in home, business, and modern use in recent years. Despite their many benefits, these power electronic converters have major issues such as pulling harmonic current and the reactive part of the current from the supply, as well as having a highly nonlinear characteristic. The harmonics produced by the current supplied by these nonlinear elements cause voltage distortion at the common coupling point, which is causing problems for the functioning of number of sensitive instruments and other consumer appliances. Artificial Neural Networks (ANN) are a type of Artificial Intelligence (AI) approach that has been applied to improve the efficiency and regulation of the converter. In order to avoid the need for a Digital Signal Processors (DSP) by avoiding the online timing computations for various voltage space vectors in various regions and sectors and produce higher pulse resolution, an ANN-based space vector pulse width modulation (SVPWM) technique is proposed in this paper. The analysis of a 3-layered feedforward back propagation ANN algorithm based SVPWM control for NPC converter used to integrate PV source to grid has been evaluated and found to be better as compared to traditional techniques.

SVPWM control strategy for Novel Interleaved High Gain DC converter fed 3-level NPC Inverter for Renewable Energy Applications

The high-gain DC converter is a crucial step in the conversion process for raising the voltage from PV panels to the desired voltage level in renewable energy applications. This article proposes a three-phase grid connected PV system with a novel interleaved high gain DC converter fed 3-level Neutral-Point-Clamped (NPC) Inverter. The novel high-gain DC converter consists of an interleaved boost converter (IBC) at its input side, a switched capacitor cell, a passive clamp circuit, and a voltage multiplier unit (VMU). The interleaved arrangement eliminates the input current ripple, and the VMU is utilized to improve the overall voltage gain besides the reverse recovery problem of diodes. The proposed converter is operated at a duty cycle D = 0.6 and a high voltage conversion ratio of 17.5 which is ideal for sustainable energy applications. This paper uses the proposed converter for a grid-connected solar PV system with an NPC inverter controlled using Space Vector Pulse Width Modulation (SVPWM) technique. The SVPWM strategic approach is a prevalent modulation technique for NPC inverter due to its extensibility in choosing the ideal voltage vectors. It uses an active filter, which is more dependable, dynamically better behaved, and capable of operating accurately under distorted grid voltages under varying load conditions. The proposed grid-associated PV system with a novel interleaved converter and 3-level NPC inverter is employed in Matlab/SimPower System and experimentally verified. Power loss and efficiency calculations were performed on the DC converter side, and the efficiency was 96.07%. NPC inverters have a THD of 22.2%. Results from simulations and experiments indicate that the suggested topology can efficiently extricate the maximal amount of power from PV modules and inject energy into the grid system with excellent steady-state and dynamic performance.

A predictive control method for switching sequence selection based on SVPWM for five‐level converter

AbstractAiming at the problems of complex realization, single control target and difficulty in selecting the optimal zero sequence voltage when the traditional space vector PWM (SVPWM) algorithm is adopted in five‐level active neutral‐point‐clamp (5L‐ANPC) converter, a predictive control optimal switching sequence selection (PC‐OSSS) method is proposed. The method adopts the SVPWM control strategy base on the line voltage coordinate and then realizes the selection of optimal switching sequence through the multi‐objective predictive control method. Firstly, the principle of SVPWM based on line voltage coordinate is introduced, and all switching sequences that can be output are obtained. Secondly, the mathematical models of the floating capacitor (FC) voltage, the neutral point (NP) voltage and the common mode (CM) voltage corresponding to each switch sequence are established. Finally, the optimal switch sequence is selected by using the predictive control method based on priority ranking. Compared with traditional SVPWM, the outstanding advantage of this method is that the traditional qualitative comparison method is replaced by quantitative calculation. The multi‐objective control performance of the converter is improved while retaining the advantages of the traditional SVPWM fixed frequency. Finally, the practicability and effectiveness of the proposed control strategy are verified by simulation and experiment.

Dual space vector PWM technique for a three-phase to five-phase quasi Z-source direct matrix converter

ABSTRACT This article proposes a dual space vector PWM control technique for a three-phase to five-phase quasi Z-source direct matrix converter (QZSDMC). The proposed circuit consists of a quasi-impedance source network along with a five-phase traditional matrix converter. With the observation of bidirectional operating capability and the utilization of shoot-through duty ratio, the proposed converter can ensure both buck and boost operations. This converter overcomes the voltage transfer ratio restriction and poor voltage regulation of the traditional matrix converter. Also, this converter ensures continuous input current with an absence of input LC filter components. The proposed direct AC to AC power converter gives an alternate solution to the multiphase drive system instead of the traditional voltage source inverter. The developed dual space vector PWM control technique for three-phase to five-phase voltage conversion is derived from the basic space vector PWM approach. The proposed dual space vector PWM technique utilizes 90 active states and 3 zero vector states among 243 switching states. The QZSDMC has been analysed with a dual space vector PWM approach along with the distribution of shoot-through state in the zero vector. The proposed topology along with the control strategy has been simulated using MATLAB/Simulink environment.

Space Vector Pulse-Width Modulation Control Strategy for Four-Leg Inverters Under Single Line-to-Ground Faults in Islanded Microgrids

In this paper, we propose a novel switching modulation scheme for three-phase four-leg inverters that enables the separation of the fault points occurring in AC distribution networks. The proposed method is aimed at continuously supplying normal voltage to the remaining healthy phases while applying zero voltage to any faulty phase when a single line-to-ground (SLG) fault occurs in the distribution network. This modulation scheme allows isolation without physically blocking the point of failure. This can prevent unnecessary continuous outages in the AC distribution network. To this end, we propose a novel coordinate transformation method to extract accurate values for the magnitude of unbalanced three-phase voltages. A novel space vector pulse-width modulation (SVPWM) method for switching schemes that are used under fault conditions is also presented. The proposed coordinate transformation considers a plane lying in a three-dimensional (3-D) space that describes the rotation of a three-phase voltage vector. This transformation converts a physical quantity that rotates in 3-D space into a value that moves in two-dimensional (2-D) space. Subsequently, the use of synchronous reference frame (SRF) transformation enables the detection and control of the voltage magnitude in case of an SLG fault. Additionally, switching vectors are selected to apply zero voltage to the faulty phase by analyzing the switching vector diagram of a four-leg inverter. Mathematical analyses conducted for the entire process are detailed herein. Further, the experimental results of four-leg inverters designed for the 10 kW class verify the proposed strategies.

Grid Connected Unsymmetrical Two-Phase Induction Generator System Using Time-Based Unbalanced Space Vector PWM and Adaptive Hysteresis Band Current Control

Wydawnictwo SIGMA-NOT wydaje czasopisma fachowe informujące swoich czytelników o najnowszych osiągnięciach naukowych i nowoczesnych rozwiązaniach technicznych w Polsce i na świecie, popularyzuje problemy techniczne oraz poszerza wiedzę i kulturę techniczną.

ANFIS Based DTC SVPWM Controller for Induction Motor

This paper presents three PWM techniques, space vector PWM (SVPWM). SVPWM gives the more rms stator flux ripples in induction motor at 0.76 modulation indices, which gives more ripples in current and torque distortion. The flux performance of the induction motor is improved using three PWM (TPWM) due to twin switching transition with less area of rms stator flux ripple. The PI-control (PIC) doesn’t give the good dynamic performance of the induction motor drive using two level Voltage Source Inverter due to sudden changes in the load or speed. Further to improve dynamic performance in the torque and Flux of induction motor drive is simulated using type-2 fuzzy logic control (TP2FLC) and ANN in place of PIC because; TP2FLC and ANN is effectively dealing with uncertainties, and simulation results of speed, torque, flux and stator current of induction motor is compare with PIC of SVPWM and TPWM.

Multi‐frequency averaging (MFA) model of a generic electric vehicle powertrain suitable under variable frequency of averaging developed for remote operability

Geographically distributed hardware-in-the-loop (HIL) testing has the potential to allow hybrid vehicle powertrain components (battery, motor drive, and engine) to be developed at geographically remote locations but tested concurrently and coupled. Inter-location internet communication links can allow non-ideal behaviour observed in a physical component in one location (e.g. an electrical drive) to be imposed on another physical component elsewhere (e.g. an ICE), and vice-versa. A key challenge is how to represent the behaviour of a remote, physical component under testing in a local HIL environment. Internet communications are too slow and unreliable to transmit waveforms in real-time and so one solution is to use a local ‘slave’ model whose behaviour and parameters are tuned based on observations at the remote location. This study proposes a multi-frequency averaging (MFA) slave model of an electric motor drive system for use in this application; it addresses a weakness in previously published work by extending the MFA model to variable frequency operation. The model was benchmarked against experimental operation (and its equivalent simulation model) in open-loop and closed-loop space vector pulse-width modulation control strategy, fixed and variable frequency operation. Results show significant reconciliation of model and experiment.

RETRACTED ARTICLE: Modified SVPWM based three phase to nine phase matrix converter for nine phase induction motor with closed loop speed control

A new design procedure is presented in this paper to simulate the implementation of 3–9 Ф power conversion using matrix converter whose output is fed to the Induction motor to control speed under closed loop configuration. Using mathematical derivations, the converter is modeled and its performance is evaluated using nonlinear load. The overall matrix converter circuit is simulated in MATLAB. The numerical equations which relate the input and outcome of the 9Ф matrix converter is executed by utilizing Simulation blocks. The duty cycle of the bidirectional switches is estimated using PI/PR/Fuzzy controller for optimum voltage transfer ratio. Due to the low on-state resistance and conduction losses, and better power handling capacity in addition to the ability of switching at higher voltages at frequency below 20 kHz, the power circuit was implemented using bidirectional IGBT switches to achieve high speed switching operation (10 kHz) and to minimize on state conduction misfortunes with less THD. The duty cycle of the bidirectional switches are controlled by the space vector PWM controller. Finally the performance of the controllers is compared with regards to THD.

SVPWM control strategy for a three phase five level dual inverter fed open-end winding induction motor

A Space Vector Pulse Width Modulation (SVPWM) control strategy is proposed for a three phase five level dual inverter fed open-end winding induction motor. This system includes 2 three level Neutral Point Clamped (NPC) inverters, which is supplied by two isolated dc power supplies. The conventional SVPWM has more complexity in reference vector identification and switching time calculation. The reference vector for proposed five level SVPWM scheme is tracked using three level voltage vector and offset voltage, where 5-level hexagonal region is divided into seven 3-level hexagonal regions. The proposed SVPWM leads to reduce the complexity in switching time calculation, Total Harmonic Distortion (THD) reduction, Minimization of Common Mode Voltage (CMV) and low voltage stresses across the switching devices. Also this system estimate the phase current of the five level dual inverter fed open-end winding induction motor. The results obtained using simulation and hardware are compared and verified using Digital Signal Processor.

A novel SOSMC based SVPWM control of Z-source inverter for AC microgrid applications

In this paper, analysis and control of Single stage Z-Source Inverter (ZSI) using Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) tuned Proportional Integral (PI) based Space Vector Pulse Width Modulation (SVPWM) and Second Order Sliding Mode Control (SOSMC) based SVPWM for harmonic reduction and load voltage regulation are presented. To increase the reliability and to enhance the output voltage of ZSI, the Shoot-Through (ST) state is implemented. To decrease the number of sensors and to simplify the controller design, sixth order model of ZSI is transformed into second order model using Pade's approximation method. To analyse the steady state and transient response of the proposed system, the closed loop implementation is carried out using proposed control techniques. PSO tuned PI controller is utilized for outer voltage control to obtain the Shoot Through Duty Ratio (STDR). Inner current loop utilizes PSO tuned PI controller based SVPWM/SOSMC based SVPWM techniques. MATLAB/SIMULINK software tool is used to simulate the proposed system. From the simulation results, it is inferred that the SOSMC based SVPWM technique offers fast transient response, low % Total Harmonic Distortion (THD) and regulated output voltage when compared to PSO tuned PI based SVPWM control scheme. Hence, an experimental prototype model of 2 kW controlled by the SOSMC based SVPWM using Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) is constructed to validate the simulation results with the experimental results.

An SiC MOSFET Based Three-Phase ZVS Inverter Employing Variable Switching Frequency Space Vector PWM Control

In this paper, a variable switching frequency space vector pulsewidth modulation control is proposed. It is used to achieve zero voltage switching (ZVS) for a three-phase grid-connected voltage source inverter with unity power factor. A wide range of ZVS can be realized without any additional sensors, auxiliary circuits, or current zero crossing detection circuits. The switching frequency can be easily calculated by a digital controller. The frequency variation range in a line cycle is only about 1.5 times at any specific load. An LCL filter is used to attenuate the high current ripples at the inverter side, and active damping is adopted to avoid the resonance and reduce the filter power loss. The switching loss can be significantly reduced by using silicon carbide mosfet s so that the conversion efficiency is high. The power density can also be improved due to the high switching frequency and the low inductance value of the filter. The operating principle, design considerations, and loss analyses are discussed in detail. A 3.5-kW simulation and experimental prototype interfacing a 350–400-V dc with a three-phase 110-V ac grid is developed to verify the performance of the proposed control strategy.

GA–PSO approach for optimising space‐vector PWM control sequence

Space-vector pulse width modulation (SVPWM) provides several degrees of freedom, which can be optimised to improve the harmonic performance of the three-phase inverter. Genetic algorithm (GA) and immune algorithm (IA) are the two classical probabilistic optimisation algorithms, which are simple in structure and do not need an accurate mathematical model. However, the optimisation accuracy and reliability are low when they optimise the high-dimensional non-linear problem, such as SVPWM control sequence of the three-phase inverter. To cope with these problems, a genetic algorithm–particle swarm optimisation (GA–PSO) is proposed here, which introduces the mutation of GA into discrete PSO. The global and local optimisation ability of the algorithm is greatly improved by the introduction of mutation operation. The results of MATLAB/SIMULINK simulation show that the weighted total harmonic distortion (WTHD) by the optimal SVPWM control sequence based on GA–PSO is 0.199%, which is much better than that of the PSO, IA, and GA. The average generation number of GA–PSO is only 1/500 of IAs. Further experimental data verify that the WTHD by the optimal SVPWM control sequence based on GA–PSO is lower than that of conventional SVPWM and IA.

FPGA-Based Space Vector PWM and Closed Loop Controllers Design for the Z Source Inverter

In this study, an iterative reduction based heuristic algorithm (IRHA) based closed loop control and space vector PWM (SVPWM) control of the Z-source inverter are implemented in hardware. The third harmonic addition method is used to realize the SVPWM structure in programmable embedded environment. The control parameters are optimally determined by IRHA to overcome the problem of instability. The controllers are implemented in single Field-Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) chip using hardware description language without help of any IP core units which increases speed, accuracy, compactness and cost efficiency. Furthermore, power consumption of the controllers is lower than a conventional ones which is prominent advantage of employing FPGAs. The effectiveness and accuracy of the control structure are verified by experimental results.

Torque Ripple Reduction in Brushless DC Motor by Using SPWM and SVPWM Techniques

Brushless DC motors have the large applications because of its easiest control system and the highest efficiency. Industrial BLDC motor drives suffers from the ripples in the torque, due to which motor has more noise, vibrations and less efficient. To reduce the ripple, the Space Vector PWM (SVPWM) and Sinusoidal PWM are implemented in BLDC drive. The Pulse Width Modulation (PWM) controls the converter output voltage and frequency. Space Vector PWM (SVPWM)and Sinusoidal PWM are the best techniques used in industries because its easy design. Space Vector PWM control method is implemented and it overcomes the disadvantages in PWM such as losses in switching of the converter, output harmonic content& provides better DC-bus voltages. The torque ripples are also reduced in SVPWM method compared to SPWM method. In this paper BLDC motor with a fuzzy controller is presented and the comparison in performance of SVPWM &SPWM methods presented. The SVPWM makes the drive has less ripple in torque& noiseless operation. The Matlab/Simulink models of SVPWM and SPWM method with fuzzy controlled BLDC motor also presented.

Review of Solar PV Powered Water Pumping System Using Induction Motor Drive

This paper presents the review of the Solar Photovoltaic (SPV) array fed water pumping system using an Induction Motor Drive (IMD). The penetration of renewable energy powered water pumping systems in industrial and domestic applications receiving wide attention nowadays. The introduction of a three-phase induction motor brings an improved solution to the commercial water pumping system. SPV array fed water pumping system using IMD mainly consist two stages; first stage extracts the maximum power from the solar Photovoltaic (PV) array by restraining the duty ratio of the DC-DC boost converter. In the second stage, a controller is employed to control the switching pulses of the Voltage Source Inverter (VSI). Different control methods are available for regulating IMD like Scalar (V/f control), Direct Torque Control (DTC), Vector control, and DTC use Space Vector PWM (SVPWM) control.

Low Order Harmonic Analysis of 3-Phase SPWM and SV-PWM Inverter Systems Driving an Unbalanced 3-Phase Induction Motor Load

The Variable Frequency Drives (VFD) are a common type of controlling the speed of 3-phase induction motors which are based on two control modulation techniques of Voltage Source Inverter: Sinusoidal Pulse Width Modulation (SPWM) and Space Vector Pulse Width Modulation (SV-PWM). The SPWM control technique is known as an easier implementation, but the SV-PWM control technique can be distinguished by an easier digital realization and a better utilization of DC bus. All 3-phase PWM inverters produce a total harmonic distortion (THD) on its output, which causes electromechanical and thermal stresses. The aim of this paper is comparing the low order current harmonics while driving an unbalanced 3-phase induction motor (the case of deterioration of the insulation as a result of inter-turn short circuits between few turns of the same phase) using SPWM and SV-PWM two-level 3-phase Voltage Source Inverters (VSI). For this type of unbalanced 3-phase induction motor, the SVPWM and SV-PWM schemes are modeled and simulated using Matlab/Simulink software. A detailed comparative analysis of THD-phase currents is made for both modulation strategies at different switching frequencies while keeping the constant amplitude modulation index.