Orientation In Space Research Articles

Microclimatic conditions and seed cotton yield as affected by sowing time, row orientation and plant spacing under Bt cotton hybrid

Microclimatic modifications are the effective and suitable adaptation strategy to minimize the adverse affect of weather on cotton. In this context, multi-location field experiments were laid out at Bathinda and Faridkot, districts of Punjab during Kharif 2018 with Bt-cotton hybrid RCH 773 BGII and sown at three times i.e., April 30, May 15 and May 30 with two row orientations (North-South: N-S and East-West : E-W) and three plant spacing’s (67.5 cm × 45.0 cm, 67.5 cm × 60.0 cm and 67.5 cm × 75.0 cm) in factorial split plot design and replicated by three times. The results revealed that during the morning (0730 IST) and afternoon time (1430 IST), soil and within-canopy temperature were found higher during emergence and mid growth stages with delayed sowing which reduced the crop growing period and resulted the seed cotton yield to be declined with delayed sowing. On the other hand, morning and afternoon within-canopy relative humidity was recorded higher with delayed sowing during sensitive stages of the crop which provided favorable weather for higher infestation of cotton insect-pest and disease and caused reduction in seed cotton yield at both the study locations. Soil temperature and within-canopy temperature were recorded higher in East-West row oriented, while within-canopy RH was higher under North-South row orientation at both the study regions. During entire growth period of cotton, soil temperature and within-canopy temperature recorded during morning and afternoon hours were found to be increased with increase in plant spacing whereas within-canopy relative humidity during morning and afternoon hours was found to be decreased with increase in plant spacing at both the locations. Among microclimatic parameters, higher variation was observed between sowing dates, while lesser variation was recorded among row orientations and plant spacings.

Cotton phenology and production response to sowing time, row orientation and plant spacing using CROPGRO-cotton model

The DSSAT module for cotton crop has been evaluated as a tool to predict the crop growth and yield response to microclimatic modifications. In this context, multi-location field experiments were laid out at Bathinda and Faridkot, districts of Punjab during Kharif 2018 with Bt-cotton hybrid RCH 773 BGII and sown at three times, i.e., April 30, May 15 and May 30 with two row orientations (North-South : N-S and East-West : E-W) and three plant spacing’s (67.5 cm × 45.0 cm, 67.5 cm × 60.0 cm and 67.5 cm × 75.0 cm) in factorial split plot design and replicated by three times. The model output in terms of simulated phenology showed close proximity over observed value having R2 of 0.51 and 0.61 at Bathinda and 0.43 and 0.87 at Faridkot anthesis and maturity, respectively. Among study locations, observed and simulated LAI ranged from 2.7 to 3.7 and 1.8 to 3.0. Simulated seed cotton yield was found significantly higher with the crop sown on 30th April (3053 and 3274 kg ha-1) than 30th May sowing (2392 and 2511 kg ha-1) at Bathinda and Faridkot, respectively, which was in good agreement with observed yield having higher value of d-stat (0.84 for Bathinda and 0.89 for Faridkot) and R2 (0.75 for Bathinda and 0.83 for Faridkot). Moreover, higher seed cotton yield was simulated under East-West row direction along with wider plant spacing (67.5 × 75 cm) at both locations. Overall, CROPGRO-cotton model can be used as research tool for the prediction of cotton phenology and yield and to explore site-specific adoption strategies such as appropriate sowing time, row orientation and plant spacing to sustain cotton productivity under changing climatic conditions.

Design and Test of a Jet Remote Control Spraying Machine for Orchards

Aimed at issues associated with the poor air supply and poor automatic targeting accuracy of existing orchard sprayers, this paper designs a jet-type orchard remote control sprayer with automatic targeting which is suitable for standardized orchards in hilly and mountainous areas. By optimizing the structure of the diversion box, the uniformity of deposition and penetration ability of the pesticide droplets to the fruit tree canopy are improved, and a uniform wild field distribution is realized simultaneously. An accurate positioning of the fruit tree canopy space orientation is achieved through automatic targeting and azimuthal adjustment systems. When the target is detected, the solenoid valve is controlled to open, and vice versa, and the distance from the nozzle to the fruit tree canopy is adjusted in real time to improve the utilization rate of pesticides. The test results show that the effective range of the jet-type orchard remote control sprayer is no more than 3.5 m, and the maximum flow rate range is 6~6.5 L/min. Within the effective spraying range, the farther the distance is, the higher the automatic targeting accuracy. The pesticide droplets sprayed by the spraying machine have a certain penetration ability, and the uniformity of the droplets is good, which solves solidification problems caused by the penetration of pesticide into the soil. This research provides a reference for jet spraying operation and automatic targeting spraying structure design.

Vestibular Influence on Vertebrate Skeletal Symmetry and Body Shape.

Vestibular endorgans in the vertebrate inner ear form the principal sensors for head orientation and motion in space. Following the evolutionary appearance of these organs in pre-vertebrate ancestors, specific sensory epithelial patches, such as the utricle, which is sensitive to linear acceleration and orientation of the head with respect to earth’s gravity, have become particularly important for constant postural stabilization. This influence operates through descending neuronal populations with evolutionarily conserved hindbrain origins that directly and indirectly control spinal motoneurons of axial and limb muscles. During embryogenesis and early post-embryonic periods, bilateral otolith signals contribute to the formation of symmetric skeletal elements through a balanced activation of axial muscles. This role has been validated by removal of otolith signals on one side during a specific developmental period in Xenopus laevis tadpoles. This intervention causes severe scoliotic deformations that remain permanent and extend into adulthood. Accordingly, the functional influence of weight-bearing otoconia, likely on utricular hair cells and resultant afferent discharge, represents a mechanism to ensure a symmetric muscle tonus essential for establishing a normal body shape. Such an impact is presumably occurring within a critical period that is curtailed by the functional completion of central vestibulo-motor circuits and by the modifiability of skeletal elements before ossification of the bones. Thus, bilateral otolith organs and their associated sensitivity to head orientation and linear accelerations are not only indispensable for real time postural stabilization during motion in space but also serve as a guidance for the ontogenetic establishment of a symmetric body.

ОСОБЛИВОСТІ ВИКОРИСТАННЯ ІННОВАЦІЙНИХ МЕТОДІВ НА УРОКАХ АНГЛІЙСЬКОЇ МОВИ В СТАРШІЙ ШКОЛІ

The article considers the use of innovative methods in English lessons on the example of personality-oriented method. The tasks of modernization of education cannot be solved without the optimal introduction of modern educational technologies in all its spheres. The use of innovative methods gives impetus to the development of new forms and content of traditional activities of students, which leads to their implementation at a higher level. Work with the use of such methods should be organized in such a way that from the very beginning it becomes a powerful psychological and pedagogical means of forming a motivational plan for students, a means of supporting and further developing their interest in the subject. It is emphasized that properly organized work of students with the use of innovations can promote in particular the growth of their cognitive and communicative interest, which in turn will enhance and expand opportunities for independent work of students to master a foreign language, both in class and after school. It is emphasized that the use of innovative forms of learning in contrast to traditional methods gives the student a major role in the acquisition of knowledge, in which the teacher is an active assistant, organizes, directs and stimulates learning activities. In his work, the teacher must not only solve educational problems, but also create conditions for students to independently creatively search, encourage them to research, develop skills of orientation in a huge information space and independent decision-making. And as a necessary condition in solving the tasks is the introduction of innovative technologies in the educational process. The constantly evolving system of information support in combination with technical support ensures the quality of the educational process. Innovative methods have become an integral part of the process of teaching and learning English. They help students to acquire the necessary skills for free use of English in a short time, namely: listening, reading, writing and communication skills. Given the importance of innovative methods, it should be noted that the central place in the teaching process is the personality of the teacher, who selects, evaluates and implements new methods. Thus, innovative methods help the teacher to solve a large number of organizational issues, to make the lesson more interesting, but innovation cannot completely replace the teacher. An analysis of other innovative trends in the teaching of English may be a prospect for further research. Key words: educational process, innovation, method, knowledge, project.

Vestibular stimulation, dizziness and de-realization

Behaviour in the environment requires continuous updating of the internal representation of the body and the surroundings of the body. Altered perceptions of the self or the environment include depersonalization/derealization (DD) symptoms, which occur on a continuum from healthy to pathological states. A sensory mismatch may elicit erroneous perceptions of the body in the physical space. Consistently, sensory deficiencies can provoke discrepancies between the multi-sensory frame given by experience and the actual perception, accompanied by dizziness, unsteadiness and distress. Conversely, DD symptoms have also been related to Impairment of the capacity to regulate emotions, with an increased risk of cognitive and psychiatric comorbidity in patients with vestibular disease. Vestibular signals contribute to the perception of the body and its interactions with the environment. In healthy subjects, artificial vestibular stimulation of the semicircular canals or the otoliths can induce DD symptoms. In vestibular patients, DD symptoms are more frequent and more severe when the clinical recovery is deficient, and they correlate with erroneous updating orientation in space. Furthermore, DD symptoms reported by patients with phantom limb pain may decrease after asymmetric vestibular stimulation (either of the horizontal semicircular canals or the utricles), which may provide an update of the immediate experience of the body. These effects can be accompanied by symptoms related to the sensory conflict and may modulate higher neural processes, with influence from individual factors. Further studies are needed to comprehend the vestibular contribution to cognitive and emotional processes.

Toward adaptive auralization of dynamic immersive virtual environments in room-centered virtual reality systems

Existing auralization frameworks for interactive virtual environments have found applications in simulating acoustic conditions for binaural listening and real-time audiovisual navigation. This work, situated at the Collaborative-Research Augmented Immersive Virtual Environment Laboratory (CRAIVE-Lab), extends elements of these frameworks for human-scale interactive audiovisual display with movement of virtual sound sources and non-static virtual representation of the facility’s footprint. The work involves the development of an adaptive acoustic ray-tracing prototype that is capable of generating impulse responses for individual virtual loudspeaker representation based upon changes of room orientation in virtual space at runtime. Through the integrated use of game engines (i.e., Unity and Unreal Engine), the prototype is presented in the context of dynamic audiovisual display, and actively analyzes the virtual scene geometries using a multi-detailed rendering approach. With both reconstructed high-resolution 3D models of existing spaces, and automatically generated virtual landscapes from geo-spatial data, the developed system is evaluated both in terms of computational efficiency, and in terms of conventional room acoustics parameters using model-based acoustic energy decay analysis across listening region. [Work supported by the Cognitive Immersive Systems Laboratory (CISL) and NSF IIS-1909229.]

SCHIZOPHRENIA SPEECH MARKERS PSYCHOLINGUISTIC IDENTIFICATION ALGORITHM

In the article, the authors highlight the peculiarities of schizophrenia speech manifestations and presents an algorithm for its identification. The algorithm consists of four stages, which include the respondents’ oral and written speech analysis which considers the specifics of systemic speech indicators, associative reactions and grapheme features. The first stage features oral communication with patients, during which they are asked to answer questions about their past, general orientation in space and time, etc., which is generally consistent with the tactics of questioning, but in the projection not only on psychomental peculiarities, but on the linguistic indicators as well. This way we get an idea of the level of the patient’s general communicative competence. The results of the study are recorded in the according table. During the second stage, the authors utilize an associative experiment, the results of which are compared with the results of mentally healthy respondents and are also recorded in the table. Such comparative analysis reveals the conceptual differences between the respondents’ associative background and makes it possible to identify informative semantic segments. During the third stage, patients are asked to write a short essay about their daily routine, the most memorable day in life, which helps to determine their personal view of events, perceptions of such events, and illustrates the grapheme features of speech realizations. The results are also recorded in the table. The fourth stage involves the analysis and generalization of the results. The scientific novelty of article is that it is the first one to present a comprehensive algorithm for examining the speech of patients with schizophrenia, in particular at the level of their oral and written speech. The theoretical significance of the study is determined by the possibility of utilizing the findings in an in-depth study of speech features of patients with schizophrenia at different stages, considering the most informative language indicators, as well as in further development of pathopsycholinguistics general theory, altered consciousness states studies and other related studies. The practical value of the obtained results is determined by the possibility of utilizing them in developing methods for speech correction of mentally ill people and in the recognition of such diseases at the initial stage.

Balance and Walking Rehabilitation for Children Living With Cerebral Palsy Through The Lens of The Adapted Systems Framework for Postural Control: A Systematic Review

Objective(s) To explore which components of the Systems Framework of Postural Control (SFPC) are targeted in balance and walking interventions for children living with cerebral palsy (CP). Data Sources MEDLINE, CINAHL and EMBASE databases were searched. Published, full-text articles in English or French were included. Systematic reviews identified were excluded but reference lists were screened for potential additional articles. Study Selection PRISMA guidelines informed this review; protocol registered (PROSPERO CRD42020193454). Inclusion criteria: intervention for balance and/or walking; children ages 6-18; with CP; ≥ 1 outcome measure for function and/or walking and/or balance. 3223 studies were identified: 969 removed with deduplication, 1955 excluded at title/abstract screening, 299 underwent full-text review, 139 were included. Two researchers independently screened and extracted data, a third was used for consensus. Data Extraction The SFPC describes 6 major domains (biomechanical constraints, orientation in space, movement strategies, control of dynamics, sensory strategies, cognitive processing) needed to maintain postural control. Interventions varied greatly in type, length and dosage so were broadly classified into gait, balance, exercise, technology, and ‘other rehabilitation’ for clearer analysis. Within each intervention classification, the targeted domains of the SFPC were identified using a descriptive analysis. Data Synthesis All interventions addressed the biomechanical constraints domain (strength, coordination, joint motion, functional/static stability); 94% addressed movement strategies (anticipatory and reactive postural control). In contrast to this, only 34% addressed cognitive processing as part of their intervention. Only 21% of the interventions addressed all domains. Conclusions These results broaden understanding of which components of postural control are currently targeted in published literature regarding walking and balance interventions for children living with CP. This information can inform the design of interventions in rehabilitation to better address the complexities of postural control in this population. Author(s) Disclosures None To explore which components of the Systems Framework of Postural Control (SFPC) are targeted in balance and walking interventions for children living with cerebral palsy (CP). MEDLINE, CINAHL and EMBASE databases were searched. Published, full-text articles in English or French were included. Systematic reviews identified were excluded but reference lists were screened for potential additional articles. PRISMA guidelines informed this review; protocol registered (PROSPERO CRD42020193454). Inclusion criteria: intervention for balance and/or walking; children ages 6-18; with CP; ≥ 1 outcome measure for function and/or walking and/or balance. 3223 studies were identified: 969 removed with deduplication, 1955 excluded at title/abstract screening, 299 underwent full-text review, 139 were included. Two researchers independently screened and extracted data, a third was used for consensus. The SFPC describes 6 major domains (biomechanical constraints, orientation in space, movement strategies, control of dynamics, sensory strategies, cognitive processing) needed to maintain postural control. Interventions varied greatly in type, length and dosage so were broadly classified into gait, balance, exercise, technology, and ‘other rehabilitation’ for clearer analysis. Within each intervention classification, the targeted domains of the SFPC were identified using a descriptive analysis. All interventions addressed the biomechanical constraints domain (strength, coordination, joint motion, functional/static stability); 94% addressed movement strategies (anticipatory and reactive postural control). In contrast to this, only 34% addressed cognitive processing as part of their intervention. Only 21% of the interventions addressed all domains. These results broaden understanding of which components of postural control are currently targeted in published literature regarding walking and balance interventions for children living with CP. This information can inform the design of interventions in rehabilitation to better address the complexities of postural control in this population.

Automated synthesis of mobile robots of arbitrary orientation in the technological space

The research is devoted to the solution to the development of a methodology for the synthesis of mobile robots of arbitrary orientation in the technological space with systems for holding mobile robots on the moving surface to compensate for the gravitational and technological load. Mobile robots, also known in international publications as Climber Robot, are a new modification of mobile robots. The creation of this type of robotics is dictated by the need to perform
 technological operations in such areas as monitoring industrial facilities, erection and dismantling of building structures, repair and preventive maintenance of their components, maintenance of high-rise buildings of urban utilities, forest and park woodlands, etc. The operation of mobile robots acquires particular relevance in the extreme conditions of manmade disasters, which are dangerous and even unacceptable for a person's stay. The paper proposes designs of mobile robots, which are based on new principles of their synthesis. In the performed studies, in addition to the latest patented designs of mobile robots, a strategy of active synthesis of a new class of mobile robots is proposed.

Transient dispersion process of active particles

Active particles often swim in confined environments. The transport mechanisms, especially the global one as reflected by the Taylor dispersion model, are of great practical interest to various applications. For the active dispersion process in confined flows, previous analytical studies focused on the long-time asymptotic values of dispersion characteristics. Only several numerical studies preliminarily investigated the temporal evolution. Extending recent studies of Jiang & Chen (J. Fluid Mech., vol. 877, 2019, pp. 1–34; vol. 899, 2020, A18), this work makes a semi-analytical attempt to investigate the transient process. The temporal evolution of the local distribution in the confined-section–orientation space, drift, dispersivity and skewness, is explored based on moments of distributions. We introduce the biorthogonal expansion method for solutions because the classic integral transform method for passive transport problems is not applicable due to the self-propulsion effect. Two types of boundary condition, the reflective condition and the Robin condition for wall accumulation, are imposed respectively. A detailed study on spherical and ellipsoidal swimmers dispersing in a plane Poiseuille flow demonstrates the influences of the swimming, shear flow, initial condition, wall accumulation and particle shape on the transient dispersion process. The swimming-induced diffusion makes the local distribution reach its equilibrium state faster than that of passive particles. Although the wall accumulation significantly affects the evolution of the local distribution and the drift, the time scale to reach the Taylor regime is not obviously changed. The shear-induced alignment of ellipsoidal particles can enlarge the dispersivity but impacts slightly on the drift and the skewness.

АНТЕНА НА ОСНОВІ ГІБРИДНОЇ МЕТАЛЕВО-ДІЕЛЕКТРИЧНОЇ СТРУКТУРИ

Purpose: Nowadays, in the millimeter frequency range, the dielectric waveguides of various modifications have certain advantages over the standard metal waveguides, primarily due to the possibility of creating functional units based on them. This is due to the relative simplicity and low cost of manufacturing the dielectric waveguides and functional units using them, the high degree of their integration with active elements, the use in their manufacture of different dielectrics and polymers with a wide range of material constants and a variety of mechanical properties (in particular, some materials have a significant flexibility). After making a series of physical experiments we have found the possibility of implementing the frequency selection and radiation into free space of electromagnetic waves by a hybrid metal-dielectric structure. Design/methodology/approach: The studied electrodynamic structure belongs to the class of hybrid metal-dielectric structures. It includes a modified inverted dielectric waveguide with a periodic sequence on the dielectric plate of fifteen dielectric rods with metallized coating on one of the faces placed outwards. The structure efficiency was estimated by the voltage standing-wave ratio (VSWR) values and power attenuation in the duct. The measurements were made with the reflectometer method. To estimate the degree of electromagnetic field concentration near the rod inhomogeneities in the near zone, the mobile probe method was used. The field structures were visualized with the method of isolines. Findings: The results of a series of experimental investigations showed the possibility of matching the structure with the external waveguides in the frequency range of 26.5-32.5 GHz with the voltage standing-wave ratio (VSWR) less than 1.8. The frequency dependence of attenuation is oscillatory with clearly expressed frequency ranges with small and large attenuation values. Moreover, the dependence is almost periodic, which is typical of periodic structures. The frequency response slope in the transition zones can be quite high and reach values of 41.26 dB/GHz. The degree of concentration of the electric field near the waveguide dielectric rod and the degree of excitation of the dielectric inhomogeneities was found by directly measured electric field strength in the near zone. Measurements of energy characteristics made under the short-circuit conditions for the main guide and in the mode of matched load of the main guide showed both the ability to control the polarization characteristics and the ability to change the appearance of the pattern and its orientation in space. Conclusions: It has been experimentally proven that a hybrid metal-dielectric structure, being a modified inverted dielectric waveguide with a periodic sequence on the dielectric plate of fifteen dielectric rods with metalized coating on one of the faces placed outwards, can be effectively integrated into a standard transmission line. It is found that this structure can be matched with the external circuits in a fairly wide frequency range. It is also found that in different frequency ranges this hybrid metal-dielectric structure shows the possibility of both efficient frequency selection and radiation in free space. Antenna measurements have shown the beam pattern shape controllability. Key words: inverted dielectric waveguide, periodic sequence, voltage standing-wave ratio (VSWR), attenuation, reflectometer method, mobile probe method, directivity pattern

A critical study and analysis of process parameters of selective laser sintering Rapid prototyping

In the Rapid Prototyping process, surface finish is very critical as it affects the part quality. As Rapid Prototyping is moving towards Rapid manufacturing there is an increasing stress on obtaining good quality parts. Surface finish of Rapid Prototyping parts is becoming more and more important with more parts being used for end purposes. Good surface finish is required for better functionality and look, but also for cost reduction in terms of reducing post-processing expenditure. A critical study and analysis of process parameters behaviour has been carried out for assessing the surface quality of parts manufactured on Selective Laser Sintering Rapid Prototyping system. The principal concern of experimental work has been investigated for achieving better surface finish by which the life of parts is governed. The primary objective of study is to analyze the optimum process parameters of Selective Laser Sintering Rapid Prototyping system. The material selected for study is “Dura Form“ and experimental work was carried out on selective laser sintering rapid prototyping machine DTM Vanguard 2500. Taguchi method is used to investigate the parameters and results are improved by using signal-to-noise methods. The major process parameters selected for study were Part Orientation, Laser Power and Scan Spacing. The study and analysis depict that Part Orientation has a major effect on the surface roughness of the part produced on Rapid Prototyping Machine. It has been observed from the study that lower value of Part Orientation level I (0 degree) gives better finish and this is because of less number of layers required for manufacturing of part. It has been observed from the study of second process parameter i.e. Laser Power that the surface finish was better at 16 W. Similarly, the surface finish obtained at lower values of Scan Spacing was for better as compared to higher values of Scan Spacing. The comparative analysis of three-process parameter indicates that the effects of variation of Part Orientation and Scan Spacing parameters are more as compare to Laser Power.

Theoretical investigation of the growth of small crystals in single liquid droplets by analyzing their diffraction patterns

The article presents a method of observing and measurement the size of the growth of small crystalline particles in a solution droplet. Size measurement of small crystals in early stage of their growth is based on the analysis of optical diffraction patterns. The great advantage of this measurement method is the fact that it has no effect on the growth of the investigated crystals and, compared to microscopic methods, it provides a much larger area of observation. How to interpret diffraction patterns to use them to measure the size of the crystalline particles is illustrated by using a few examples of crystals with selected shapes and different orientations of their faces in space. All methods of interpreting diffraction patterns are justified by numerical calculations based on Fourier optics. The common features of diffraction patterns of crystals of different shapes and different orientations in space show that the presented method can be used to observe a small crystal of any shape and orientation growing in a droplet of solution.

Distractor-distractor interactions in visual search for oriented targets explain the increased difficulty observed in nonlinearly separable conditions.

The linear separability effect refers to a benefit in search performance observed in a feature-search task, where target and distractor features vary along a continuous feature dimension: Search performance is best when there is a boundary in feature space that separates the distractor features from the target feature. However, the role that distractor heterogeneity plays in this effect is not well understood. Here, we reexamined this effect in the context of a new predictive procedure from Lleras et al. (2019) that quantifies the impact of distractor heterogeneity on search performance. Experiments 1A and 1B measured people's performance in homogeneous search conditions where they searched for the target among one type of distractor. The parameters observed in Experiments 1A and B were then used to predict search times in Experiments 2 and 3, where the target was presented in heterogeneous displays containing two types of distractors. The results show that total variance accounted for was 95% to 98%, without including any factor indexing the linear separability rule. The results demonstrate that heterogeneous search in orientation space is a function of target-distractor similarity and interitem interactions. The study highlights the robustness of the predictive procedure and demonstrates the generalizability of the method to estimate interitem interactions to new stimulus types. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved).

Exploration of the Underlying Space in Microscopic Images via Deep Learning for Additively Manufactured Piezoceramics.

There has been a surge of interest in applying deep learning (DL) to microstructure generation and materials design. However, existing DL-based methods are generally limited in generating (1) microstructures with high resolution, (2) microstructures with high variability, (3) microstructures with guaranteed periodicity, and (4) highly controllable microstructures. In this study, a DL approach based on a stacked generative adversarial network (StackGAN-v2) is proposed to overcome these shortcomings. The presented modeling approach can reconstruct high-fidelity microstructures of additively manufactured piezoceramics with different resolutions, which are statistically equivalent to original microstructures either experimentally observed or numerically predicted. Advantages of the proposed modeling approach are also illustrated in terms of its capability in controlling the probability density function (PDF) of grain size, grain orientation, and micropore in a large space, which would have significant benefits in exploring the effects of these microstructure features on the piezoelectricity of piezoceramics. In the meantime, periodicity of the microstructures has been successfully introduced in the developed model, which can critically reduce the simulation volume to be considered as a representative volume element (RVE) during computational calculation of piezoelectric properties. Therefore, this DL approach can significantly accelerate the process of designing optimal microstructures when integrating with computational methods (e.g., fast Fourier spectral iterative perturbation (FSIPM)) to achieve desired piezoelectric properties. The proposed DL-based method is generally applicable to optimal design of a variety of periodic microstructures, allowing for maximum explorations of design spaces and fine manipulations of microstructural features.

A cellular structure of the space of branched coverings for the two-dimensional sphere

For a closed oriented surface Σ \Sigma , let X Σ , n X_{\Sigma , n} be the space of isomorphism classes of n n -fold orientation preserving branched coverings Σ → S 2 \Sigma \rightarrow S ^2 of the two-dimensional sphere. Earlier, the authors constructed a compactification X ¯ Σ , n \overline {X}_{\Sigma , n} of this space, which coincides with the Diaz–Edidin–Natanzon–Turaev compactification of the Hurwitz space H ( Σ , n ) ⊂ X Σ , n H (\Sigma , n) \subset X_{\Sigma , n} that consists of isomorphism classes of branched coverings with all critical values being simple. With the help of Grothendieck’s dessins d’enfants, a cellular structure of this compactification is constructed. The results obtained are applied to the space of trigonal curves on an arbitrary Hirzebruch surface.

Vertical Farms With Integrated Solar Photovoltaics

Abstract This paper outlines a method for determining the maximum number of floors of a vertical farm (VF) that can be powered by building-integrated solar photovoltaic panels for supplying artificial lighting to the plants. The panels are mounted on all the walls and the rooftop of the building. It takes into account the location of the site, the monthly average daily solar irradiation, parameters associated with the luminaires, the geometrical dimensions and orientation of the layout, the tilt angle and row spacing between the rooftop panels, and the efficiency of the conversion system. It then provides linear equations representing the year-round electricity demand of the luminaires and the yearly electric yield from the panels. These equations are solved simultaneously to estimate the maximum number of floors. The results show that design performance can be maximized by optimizing the floor dimensions, layout orientation, tilt angle, and row spacing. Hypothetical 300 m2 vertical farms, partially occupied by growing trays, located in Auckland and Dubai, were found to have maximum heights of 1.87 and 3.47 floors, respectively. A free online tool is also presented to help designers and researchers analyze designs located anywhere in the world.

Порівняльна характеристика психофізіологічних функцій військових та цивільних льотчиків

The aim of the study was to determine the characteristics of the psychophysiological functions of 363 military and 110 civilian pilots by comparative analysis of the results of evaluating their values and the structure of correlation relationships. The analysis of the obtained data was carried out using the well-known methods of variation statistics and correlation analysis. It was shown that among military pilots the best were indicators of neurodynamic functions, attention and reliability of task performance, and among civilians – orientation in space and short-term memory. In the group of military pilots, psychophysiological functions are fairly well correlated with each other and are closely related to most of the personified characteristics, forming 45,5 ± 6,1% of relationships of the maximum number. Among civilian pilots, there are fewer such relationships 24,2 ± 5,3%; there is no correlation between psychophysiological functions and personified characteristics. The regulation of possible negative shifts in psychophysiological functions and the reliability of mission performance in military pilots is carried out primarily as a result of the stabilizing effect of the balance of nervous processes and, to a lesser extent, the strength of nervous processes and orientation in space. Among civilian pilots, such regulation is fairly evenly distributed between the balance of nervous processes, attention, orientation in space, and short-term memory.

Riemannian geometric approach to optimal binocular rotation, pyramid based interpolation and bio-mimetic pan-tilt movement

Over the past several years, we have been studying the problem of optimally rotating a rigid sphere about its center, where the rotation is actuated by a triplet of external torques acting on the body. The control objective is to repeatedly direct a suitable radial vector, called the gaze vector, towards a stationary point target in IR3. The orientation of the sphere is constrained to lie in a suitable submanifold of SO(3). Historically, the constrained rotational movements were studied by physiologists in the nineteenth century, interested in eye and head movements. In this paper we revisit the gaze control problem, where two visual sensors, are tasked to simultaneously stare at a point target in the visual space. The target position changes discretely and the problem we consider is how to reorient the gaze directions of the sensors, along the optimal pathway of the human eyes, to the new location of the target. This is done by first solving an optimal control problem on the human binocular system. Next, we use these optimal control and show that a pan-tilt system can be controlled to follow the gaze trajectory of the human eye requiring a nonlinear static feedback of the pan and tilt angles and their derivatives. Our problem formulation uses a new Riemannian geometric description of the orientation space. The paper also introduces a new, pyramid based interpolation method, to implement the optimal controller.