Space Of Contact Research Articles

Mandibular retromolar space in adults with different sagittal skeletal patterns.

To analyze the mandibular retromolar space among normal-divergent adult patients with different sagittal skeletal patterns by cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT). CBCTs of a total of 120 normal-divergent adult patients were investigated. Patients were categorized into the following three groups according to their ANB angle: skeletal Class I (48 patients), skeletal Class II (36 patients), and skeletal Class III (36 patients). Four different planes parallel to the mandibular occlusal plane were used to measure the retromolar space. The retromolar space was measured by two reference lines and then compared between different sagittal skeletal patterns groups. The incidence of root contact with the inner lingual cortex was compared among the three groups. The retromolar space of the Class III patients was significantly larger than that of Class I patients and Class II patients. Compared with Class I and Class III patients, Class II patients had a smaller retromolar space and higher incidence of contact with the inner cortex of the mandible. Class III patients had a larger retromolar space than Class I patients and Class II patients in four different planes. The mandibular retromolar space should be evaluated by CBCT in patients who need mandibular molar distalization.

Emotion Recognition System

Abstract: In today's world, the face uses expressions to convey tons of knowledge visually, hence Emotion-Recognition System can be a important focus within the space of computer-user contact. Our emotions area unit is conveyed through the stimulation of unique sets of facial muscles. They are generally refined, nevertheless advanced, signals in an expression that always contains a verdant quantity of knowledge concerning our mindset. By emotion recognition (classification), We tend to design a supervised deep-learning neural network (DNN) that offers computers the power to create speculation concerning sentiments. The most objective of our project is that we tend to apply numerous deep learning ways like convolutional neural networks to spot general human emotions

Transformation of Political Ideas in Modern Europe: An Analysis of Party Programs in the Context of National Identity

The subject of this paper is the programs of political parties in Western Europe. The object of the study is nationalist ideas and their extreme and radical manifestations within European politics. The authors note the interest of the European political elite in nationalist ideas. This process is related to the possibility of using these ideas to solve acute socio-political conflicts within countries. Economic instability, migration crises, and acute political turbulence impose significant restrictions on the activities of political elites in developed countries. Historical unresolved problems of national identity on the one hand, and the desire to form a true multipolar world on the other, form a different attitude towards the ideas of nation and nationalism. This is reflected in a number of political and open military conflicts in the large space of cultural and socio-political contact between Europe and Russia. The authors draw attention to the fact that nationalist ideas are in some cases addressed by politicians in both Europe and Russia. The danger of the contemporary reevaluation of the ideas of nationalism is that it encourages atypical thinking, while belief in authority ceases to play a cognitive and functional role. The authors offer not only an analysis of the programs of political parties in many European countries, but also calculate their specific weight in the context of national parliaments. This makes it possible to determine the conditional acceptance of these ideas as a basis for the political course of the state.

Góry i wspinaczka w „Boskiej komedii” Dantego

The study uses a variant of the geocritical methodology combined with humanistic mining studies. It was pointed out that in Dante’s poem there were numerous references to the realities of real space (the Alps and the Apennines, which, appearing as a separate part of the mountain world, in the poem at the same time constitute a kind of props room of mountain motifs, used in the construction of Purgatory Mountain). Also, the journeys of the heroes, Dante and his guide Virgil, can be perceived realistically as an actual journey, made in a difficult mountain terrain. It was specified in the realities of Hell, Purgatory Mountain, and Paradise. In this way, using specific Earth realities, Dante created a powerful vision largely made of mountain realities. Mount Purgatory, the target of Dante’s ascent, created when Lucifer, thrown from the heavens, struck the depths of the Earth deep into its center, which changed the hemisphere and pushed up the land masses, throwing them over the surface of the ocean covering the southern hemisphere. Locating the Mount of Purgatory in the center of the southern hemisphere, and at the antipodes of Jerusalem, as a mountain rising on a small island from the vastness of the seas covering this part of the world, Dante used elements of the Muslim tradition (perhaps known to him) with its notions of a lofty, pyramidal shape, which is considered to be the holy Mount of Adam (2243 m) in Ceylon (Sri Lanka). The poet, however, never once described the Purgatory Mountain as a whole, creating a vision of its enormity seen from under its steep walls, but he introduced into the poem numerous details about the surface of this mountain and how to climb it. He filled his abstract vision with real details. From the very first songs of Purgatory, the narrative runs in the order of the characters’ ascent towards the summit Paradise. The work hypothesized that the famous poet Bismantova became the prototype of the Dante Mountain of Purgatory, such a judgment is almost universally approved. That Dante saw this mountain is certain: he was in Lunigiano and Casentino (Bismantova rises right next to it) in 1306, and certainly before 1315, at the time when Divine Comedy was being written. For the accuracy of this hypothesis, the shape of this vast rock mass (culmination in 1047), rising above the level of the surrounding valleys by about 400 m in height with almost vertical rock walls, is of great importance for the accuracy of this hypothesis. The peak landscape largely corresponds to the ideas of an ancient idyllic grove. These realities of the mountain landscape meant that the thought about them found literary expression in the pages of Dante’s poem, which prompts me to share my opinion that the sight of the boatswain and his presence in it gave Dante a vision of the Purgatory Mountain as a “hybrid” creation, partially a description of a real landscape and in part a fantastic, syncretic vision based on elements of ancient literary tradition. The description of climbing this mountain leads us through a narrow chimney, overhang, and other rock formations, forming terraces in the structure of the mountain. The conclusion of the work are the words of Italian literary researcher Filippo Zolezzi, who wrote that “Mount Purgatory appears as an absolute ideal of a mountain, because on its top there is an earthly Paradise — a space of direct contact with the divine, hence even the most beautiful earthly mountains are merely a copy of them. However, the very fact that a poet — a man — to reach this summit, has to climb, climb, makes it an ideal prototype for mountain climbing”.

МИФОПОЭТИКА ПРОСТРАНСТВА КЛАДБИЩА В ХОРРОРЕ (на материале современной русской литературы)

This article deals with the locus of the cemetery in modern Russian horror. We examine approaches to the depiction of scary spaces in literature, describe the cemetery as a locus of horror, study the motives associated with the cemetery in horror, detect intermedial connections, provide interpretation of folklore and literary references. The cemetery is one of the key loci of folk culture, presented in folklore as a space of contact with the otherworldly (with the world of the dead), which explains the interest of horror authors in these ‘scary’ places. The modern literature of horror offers modifications of the image of the cemetery, their main characteristics, intertextual interaction with Russian and foreign traditions, which allow us to speak of this image as a unit of the genre canon of horror. The paper examines how exactly the image of the cemetery is presented by modern Russian authors: A. Ivanov, A. Ateev, M. Romanova, K. Alekseev, I. Lesev. We have established that various clichés of folklore and horror literature are used in connection with the locus of the cemetery. These include the motive of a ‘bad place’, the motive of reviving the dead, the motive of crossing the borders, violation of a ban/taboo. The cemetery can be viewed in a literary work as a source of supernatural horror (and even, as in Alekseev’s work, may turn into a thinking creature) or, as in Ivanov’s novels, represent a false source of danger. We conclude that the cemetery in horror becomes a place where not only worlds but also eras are connected, which reveals the important function of horror – the comprehension of the past of an individual and society. The portrayal of the cemetery in horror draws on a rich literary and folkloric tradition.

Reanatomization of anterior teeth with composite resin: case report

Dental diastema is a space or absence of contact between two consecutive teeth, which may represent an aesthetic embarrassment for the patient when smiling. For the aesthetic resolution of diastema some factors should be evaluated as, age of the patient, dental structure conservation, reversibility of treatment, cost and longevity. For closing diastema, for a long time, the clinical alternatives were the use of orthodontics and fixed prostheses. Currently, with composite resins, it is possible to reproduce natural characteristics of the teeth with a direct, reversible restorative technique, without the wear of healthy dental structure, with affordable cost, able to provide satisfactory aesthetic results. The aim of this study is to report a case of a patient diagnosed with inter incisor diastema and to present a literature review. Patient, male, 70 years old, was attended at oral clinic of Ingá University Center - Uningá, complaining about the aesthetics of his smile. Clinically, was observed the presence of a diastema between upper incisor, fracture of incisal edge of central incisors and poor dental positioning. A reverse planning of the case was carried out through diagnostic waxing. With aid of a silicone guide, the diastema was closed through reanatomizations in composite resin. After the proposed treatment, was possible to obtain a satisfactory aesthetic in the patient's smile. The closure of diastema, with the use of composite resins was able to provide a better contour to the teeth, closing the spaces present, resulting in an aesthetic and pleasant smile.

Quantitative evaluation of retromolar space in adults with different vertical facial types.

To investigate the differences in mandibular retromolar space among skeletal Class I subjects with different vertical divergence using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT). A total of 123 skeletal Class I patients (aged 20-40 years) were categorized into hypodivergent, normodivergent, and hyperdivergent groups based on S-N/Go-Me and facial height index (FHI). Mandibular retromolar space was measured at four planes parallel to the occlusal plane along the sagittal line and molar cuspal line, respectively. The mandibular retromolar space was compared among the three vertical groups. The hyperdivergent group had a significantly smaller mandibular retromolar space compared with the other two groups, while the hypodivergent group had the largest retromolar space. In addition, the hyperdivergent group had a larger number of subjects whose roots contacted the lingual cortex of the mandibular body. The hyperdivergent group tends to exhibit the smallest mandibular retromolar space and highest risk of cortex contact. Clinicians should keep in mind that successful molar distalization requires sufficient retromolar space, especially for hyperdivergent subjects, which should be verified with CBCT.

Literatura surda na região amazônica: o ambiente educacional como espaço da construção da identidade a partir da experiência estética

O presente artigo objetiva apresentar uma revisão de literatura das produções denominadas de literatura surda na/da Amazônia. Essas produções recontam narrativas locais adaptando-as para o contexto linguístico-cultural dos surdos. A escola é o espaço privilegiado de contato com essas narrativas, possibilitando aos surdos o desenvolvimento de aspectos constituidores de sua identidade. Para tanto, dividimos este trabalho em três momentos. No primeiro, situamos as produções literárias do povo surdo pelo viés da experiência estética, situada no contexto cultural regional, fundamentando-nos em Compagnon (2012) e Loureiro (2002). No segundo momento, discutimos a possibilidade da literatura como instrumento para a experiência estética e, por fim, aprofundaremos, a partir de Lev S. Vigotski e Yves Lenoir, a escola como espaço mediador da experiência estética, da identificação e do desenvolvimento dos valores linguísticoculturais dos surdos. Os resultados confirmam a literatura surda amazônica como instrumento para a formação da identidade dos surdos presentes na região da Amazônia Legal.

Exploring the biomechanics of walking and crowd “flow”

SummaryCrowd movement simulation models are generally based on aggregated speed and flow data collected more than 50 years ago. There appears to be no validated modelling capability to include the impact of recent and future changes in population demographics, resulting from an ageing population and increasing obesity rates. New analytical approaches and data gathering are required to successfully model crowd movement and safety for current and future generations. This study carried out (a) a review of the primary components of crowd movement, demographics and analytical techniques, (b) prototype experiments to investigate age‐related aspects of space and potential points of contact and (c) a new predictive model for crowd flow analysis based on pedestrian biomechanics and anthropometric data. The model uses the physical space taken up by the biomechanical walking process and the spatial buffer between points of potential contact with other pedestrians to predict the speed of movement at different levels of congestion. The new analytical model was used to predict single file speeds (for people with different demographics in congested space), which compared well with published experimental data. The next steps for model development for wider “flows” and additional experiments to provide data sets for wider demographics are also proposed.

Fetishizing the Foot: Mobility and Meaning in Indian Ocean Sandals

Fetishizing the Foot: Mobility and Meaning in Indian Ocean Sandals

Discourses of transnational feminism in Marie du Toit’s Vrou en feminist (1921)

In this article I investigate transtextuality in Vrou en feminist (Woman and Feminist, 1921) by Marie du Toit in order to demonstrate how she grafted first-wave transnational feminism onto the Afrikaans context. Du Toit’s book is approached as a space of contact between progressive European and North American thought and a South African, particularly Afrikaner, mindset. Du Toit relied on a multiplicity of late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries discourses to support her argument that Afrikaner women become part of the feminist movement. Due to the numerous quotations from scientific papers and literary fiction, mostly English but also Dutch, her book can be described as a heteroglot text. Utilizing the histoire croisée approach, I discuss Du Toit’s text on the macro and micro scale: I locate it in a historical perspective as a literary document and focus on the ways in which diverse voices intersect and converse with one another. I argue that the book was an unsuccessful attempt at inviting the Afrikaans reader into a transnational imagined community of suffragettes because of prejudice against the English language and culture. English sources, which Du Toit extensively quoted, deterred potential Afrikaans supporters, and consequently prevented transfer of feminist thought. Even though she also supported her views with some texts in Dutch in wanting to appeal to her reader’s associations with a more familiar Dutch culture, this tactic was insufficient to tip the balance.

Parental Perceptions of the Sexuality of Adolescents with Intellectual Disabilities

The sexuality of people with disabilities is often conceptualized as asexual. Furthermore, public discourse regards people with disabilities as highly prone to sexual abuse. The few studies that contemplate on parents’ of people with intellectual disability (ID) point of view uncover the parents’ perceptions towards their offspring’s sexuality. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to examine the sexuality of adolescents with ID from their parents perceptions. The study was conducted using a phenomenological approach and included 21 in-depth, semi-structured interviews with parents of adolescents with ID. The interviews were analyzed using thematic analysis. Parents’ perceptions of their children’s sexuality and their involvement concerning sexuality reveal dilemmas and tensions that remain unresolved. Although some parents did tend to treat their children’s sexuality as non-normative and as a source of problems and thus ignored, prevented, and limited their children’s sexual expressions, other parents presented different perspectives, acknowledging the sexuality of adolescents with ID and their right to express it. The findings also reveal a new and exciting insight related to the conceptual space of physical contact between parents and children, which moves between physical expressions of love and care and feelings of prohibited sexuality. Professionals working with people with ID and their families should be allowed to create a professional dialogue that would enable the discussion and clarification of the dilemmas and challenges related to the subject.

Semiotics of the “third force”

The present paper analyzes the media representation of the idea of the “third force” in politics. The research focuses on how the notion is being staged and visualized in order to create the impression of a new and fresh agent in the race for power. The case of MOST, a political coalition which gained importance in the 2015 Croatian parliamentary election, seems particularly important and adequate for the purpose. I do not discuss programs, political aims or visions of the main political parties. Rather, I propose a semiotic analysis of public communication. Attention will be paid to performative aspects of television broadcasts, organization of the space where negotiations were held, visual relations between political actors. The broadcasts, and the broadly taken space of public contact, will be treated as a stage, and actions taking place on such a stage as a political drama, with a screenplay which may be, but is not necessarily, conscious and planned. When seen from this perspective, the focus of interest does not lie on the purposeful layout of seating in a meeting or a public communique, but on unconscious cultural patterns which have a great impact on our decisions, choices, and perceptions. Ultimately, the electoral success of MOST was related not only to its program, but also–or maybe mostly – to its performative policy and its consistent positioning as a new actor in the political field.

Meu corpo precisa ocupar espaç

This essay is part of a wider research about narratives — ways of storytelling, of dancing, filming, writing — that develops out of three intuitions: bodies must move, dance and occupy space; dancing is contagious; and movies are a privileged narrative form to present dancing bodies and a space of contact and resonance for the spectator, in dialog with the French philosopher Jean-Luc Nancy’s thought on bodies, cinema and writing. In this way this text proposes to look and listen to a scene from the 1976 movie Cria Cuervos by Spanish filmmaker Carlos Saura.

Culturing the fruits of the forest: realising the multifunctional potential of space and place in the context of woodland and/or Forest Schools

This paper seeks to explore the potential of woodland as a milieu for Outdoor and Environmental Learning (OEL) in the context of phenomenal rise of Forest Schools (FS) in the United Kingdom. Whilst broadly supportive of these developments, the paper adopts a critical stance in arguing that the notion of the ‘forest’ as a literal and metaphoric wild and expansive space of risk, excitement, freedom, exploration and intimate contact with nature which underpins the original FS concept seems to be giving way to a diluted sense of controlled spaces and activities for curriculum enrichment, a process referred to as ‘scolonisation’. Furthermore, the paper considers FS in relation to two ‘axes’: ‘learning milieu’ and ‘practitioners’, arguing that a spectrum exists from, on the one hand, relatively ‘deforested’ to substantially wooded learning contexts; and, on the other, novice through to expert practitioners. The paper argues that the most efficacious woodland-oriented Outdoor Learning will take place in woodland environments under the facilitation of ‘silvanatives’ – those with substantial practical and pedagogical knowledge about learning in woodland contexts. However, this ideal potential is under-realised when the learning context is relatively ‘deforested’, or practitioners are relatively ‘silvanaive’ or superficially trained, trends that are seemingly increasingly characterising the movement as it becomes ‘scaled-up’.

The subway as fourth place: anomie, flânerie and the “crush of persons”

Sociologically speaking, what kind of place is the subway? If urbanism is defined as the experience of being surrounded by strangers, then the subway is a quintessentially urban space. But social scientists remain polarized in their views of this space, alternately describing the subway as an antisocial environment, a liminal “non-place”, or a space of multicultural contact. In this paper, we describe the social life of the subway, analyzing an original data-set compiled through detailed observations of the behavior of more than 4,000 passengers on the New York City subway system. We use logistic regression to model the factors that influence how passengers direct their gaze and configure their bodies while riding mass transit, and interpret our results with the help of “subway diaries” kept by 18 research subjects over the course of a week. Our findings help to reconcile conflicting images of social interaction in crowded transportation spaces: the subway is a “fourth place”: a utilitarian space in which context-specific norms serve to flatten social distinctions, allowing a passive form of social contact constrained by the presence and prevalence of other passengers in the subway car.

Sharp systolic inequalities for Reeb flows on the three-sphere

The systolic ratio of a contact form $\alpha$ on the three-sphere is the quantity \[ \rho_{\mathrm{sys}}(\alpha) = \frac{T_{\min}(\alpha)^2}{\mathrm{vol}(S^3,\alpha\wedge d\alpha)}, \] where $T_{\min}(\alpha)$ is the minimal period of closed Reeb orbits on $(S^3,\alpha)$. A Zoll contact form is a contact form such that all the orbits of the corresponding Reeb flow are closed and have the same period. Our first main result is that $\rho_{\mathrm{sys}}\leq 1$ in a neighbourhood of the space of Zoll contact forms on $S^3$, with equality holding precisely at Zoll contact forms. This implies a particular case of a conjecture of Viterbo, a local middle-dimensional non-squeezing theorem, and a sharp systolic inequality for Finsler metrics on the two-sphere which are close to Zoll ones. Our second main result is that $\rho_{\mathrm{sys}}$ is unbounded from above on the space of tight contact forms on $S^3$.

Mediterranean migration towards Europe: System failure?

The Mediterranean has historically been a space of exchange, contact, and conquest. Migration – in all directions – has always been part of the cultural, political and economic negotiation around “Mare Nostrum.” Few things, however, have thrown European identities and the European political project into question more than the recent movement of migrants and refugees across the Mediterranean. In 2014, more than 170,000 migrants reached Italian shores on maritime routes. Italy was the prime landing site for boats, departing mostly from Libya. Approximately a quarter of those crossing were Syrian refugees, while the remainder came from West Africa, Eastern Africa and the Horn of Africa. In 2015, the phenomenon transformed from a “Mediterranean problem” into a European-wide one, with a marked shift from the Central Mediterranean Route (from North Africa to Italy) to the Eastern Mediterranean Route (from Turkey towards Greece and along the Balkan route towards Central, Western and Northern Europe). Between January and mid-December 2015, more than 800,000 individuals arrived in Greece, compared to 150,000 in Italy during the same period. The distribution in 2016 to date has remained roughly the same with 147,000 arrivals in Greece and 13,000 in Italy (see infographic).

Building Intercultural Community

Drawing on interviews with Indigenous Bahá’ís from diverse backgrounds in Canada and the United States, this article explores efforts and experiences of intercultural Bahá’í community building dating from the 1960s through the early 1990s. At a time when colonial policies and attitudes remained ripe in North America at large, the Bahá’í Faith was a site of intercultural learning and exchange through which Indigenous and non-Indigenous adherents forged striking relationships of mutual respect. Building Bahá’í community in the decades considered here, however, was neither easy nor automatic and was especially fraught for Indigenous adherents, who also confronted tensions of intercultural communication and understanding and sometimes outright racism. Implementing unity in diversity is a gradual process that continues to be worked out in particular contexts over time. This process itself reveals the Bahá’í religion’s role as a rich space of intercultural contact and community building.

Translation Austria / Translating Austria: Introduction

This issue of Austrian Studies assembles eight articles which investigate the pro cesses, outcomes and determinants of the transmission of Austrian culture into non-German linguistic environments. They look at the issues arising when a German text is rendered in a foreign linguistic system, the factors which determine its re-creation and its reception in the target culture; they high light the frictions that arise when the act of transposition meets with the cultural, political and medial conditions on the receiving side of the linguistic binary, but also the ways in which translational cross-cultural ventures are determined by conditions on the source side. The articles, in short, illustrate that understanding the translation process transcends the idea of a binary — German, on one side; a target language (here: english, Greek, brazilian portuguese) on the other — and that it also transcends the confines of merely linguistic transfer. The productive and controversial moment is ‘in transition’, i.e. in the in-between space of contact, overlap, demarcation, where difference and sameness are negotiated, frictions and obstacles surface, decisions are made and factors such as personal predilections, idiosyncrasies and wider historical circumstances exert their influence. The cultural artefacts examined in this issue were produced in German by Austrian authors from the immediate aftermath of the First World War to the immediate aftermath of the Second World War. Their translation into foreign languages and cultural systems spans a time period from their initial publication up to the present day. There are discussions here not only of texts and authors who have entered the canon of Austrian modern classics (Hugo von Hofmannsthal, Joseph Roth, Felix Salten, Stefan Zweig, Karl Kraus, Ilse Aichinger), but also of a number of different forms of expression: high and popular culture, journalism, reportage and autobiographical fiction as well as the art magazine, film, drama and novel. The authors’ backgrounds: Hungarian, bohemian, Galician, Jewish — and often a combination thereof — mirror the legacy of cultural plurality and diversity in the Habsburg empire, whereas common features, such as their residence in Vienna (some permanently, some temporarily), their distinctive use of the German language and their pronounced literary or essayistic treatment of often very Austrian issues, suggest a cultural coherence — a distinct Austrianness — as the flip-side of this