Ukrainian Space Research Articles

An Attempt to Understand the Ukrainian Space of the Early Modern Era. Book Review: Brekhunenko V., Boiko P., Zaiats A. Spatial Boundaries of the Ukrainian World: A Complex of Ideas and Their Implementation in Early Modern Ukraine (XVI-XVIII Centuries). Lviv; Kyiv, 2023. 480 p.

An Attempt to Understand the Ukrainian Space of the Early Modern Era. Book Review: Brekhunenko V., Boiko P., Zaiats A. Spatial Boundaries of the Ukrainian World: A Complex of Ideas and Their Implementation in Early Modern Ukraine (XVI-XVIII Centuries). Lviv; Kyiv, 2023. 480 p.

The evolution of accounting and auditing in the era of digital technologies: the role of cloud services and process automation

Introduction: the rapid development of the digital economic space in Ukraine has made digitising the accounting system a paramount issue. Ukraine’s integration trend into the European economic sphere has also contributed to this situation. Objectives: this research aims to analyse the current role of digital transformation tools in optimising the accounting system. Method: the study employed general methods of scientific inquiry, including analysis and synthesis, induction and deduction, abstraction, concretisation, and formalisation. Results: the research established that digital accounting transformation is an obligatory optimisation stage in developing the modern business environment. The analysis considered the feasibility and potential of implementing innovative artificial intelligence capabilities in accounting while ensuring adequate security measures. It was concluded that modern digital tools offer opportunities to streamline the collection and aggregation of accounting information through specialised industry software products. The identified risks associated with implementing artificial intelligence technologies into information systems were discussed. Conclusions: the study demonstrated that intensifying the integration of digital technologies into accounting processes can increase managerial decisions’ accuracy and efficiency.

PROSPECTS OF THE IMPLEMENTATION OF THE METHOD OF NONVIOLENT COMMUNICATION IN SOCIAL WORK IN UKRAINE DURING THE WAR AND POST-WAR RECOVERY

The team of authors conducted systematic work on the analysis of the use of the method of nonviolent communication in various areas of social work in Ukraine and other countries of the world. During the research, the team of authors relied on a comprehensive approach, comparative analysis, and a focus group study was conducted, which revealed the need to transform the social service system in this area. The purpose of the research work is to analyze the prospects for the effective implementation of the nonviolent communication method in social work in Ukraine during the war and post-war reconstruction. We drew attention to the increase in various manifestations of violence in Ukraine during the war, which was reflected in the actualization of the issue of bullying in educational institutions, cases of violence in the family, and in the increase in violent crimes in society as a whole. In our opinion, the method of nonviolent communication is useful for a social worker in working with an aggressor and a victim, as it contains a powerful ethical and pedagogical component. As a result, we concluded that Ukraine needs a restructuring of the social service system, which contributed to solving the problems of the population in the country. The basis for the optimization of social services should be a review of standards in the field of education and pedagogy, a non-violent rethinking of the relationship «social worker - recipient of social services», as well as the restart of the judicial and social service. Based on the conducted research, we conclude that the implementation of the method of nonviolent communication in social work in Ukraine has many obstacles of a military-political, socio-state and organizational nature, but changes in the social sphere in Ukraine are needed now. In fact, this is the need for radical changes in social work with manifestations of violence, as well as the need for partnership work to restore a humanistic and non-violent space in Ukraine, starting with the family. Here the family acts as a basis for post-war social recovery.

Ellipsoidal estimation of motion parameters of a non-cooperative space vehicle from visual information

The use of near-Earth space is currently complicated by presence of space debris objects in Earth’s orbit, which include spent stages of launch vehicles, inoperative satellites, and other large and small artificial objects. One approach to solving the problem of space debris involves docking and capturing a non-cooperative space object or spacecraft (target) with a so-called service spacecraft (chaser) for further actions to repair, refuel or change its orbit. Rendezvous and docking are complicated by the rotation of uncontrolled space objects caused by various factors. To perform this task, it is necessary to know the parameters of the orbital, rotational and relative motion of the target. The parameters of the orbital motion of such objects are usually known quite accurately from measurements from the Earth. This paper examines the case of a tumbling non-cooperative target located in an elliptical orbit. It is assumed that the target relative position and orientation are measured by the computer vision system (CVS) of the chaser. In this case, the position and orientation of the graphical reference frame (GRF) associated with the known 3-D graphical model of the target are determined relative to the reference frame associated with the chaser. The specific type of CVS is not considered. It is assumed that the chaser can carry out some maneuvers near the target and all parameters of the chaser angular motion are known. Thus, the attitude of the GRF relative to inertial reference frame (IRF) can be determined. The measured parameters are not enough to ensure safe rendezvous and docking with the target. To complete this task, it is necessary to determine all kinematic and dynamic parameters of the relative motion between the spacecraft. The rest of the required parameters are estimated. Orientation and rotation parameterization is done using quaternions. The angular motion equation of the target is considered in the GRF. This makes the angular velocity estimation faster and the inertia tensor estimation more stable. Stochastic characteristics of measurement errors are considered to be unknown and are not used. The only information about the errors is the bounds of their values. To determine the relative motion parameters, we use a new dynamic set-membership filter with ellipsoidal estimates. The filter can be successfully implemented on low-power on-board processors. The properties of the proposed algorithm are demonstrated using numerical simulation. The results obtained are expected to be used in the development of a navigation system for the rendezvous and docking, developed by a group of Ukrainian space industry enterprises under the leadership of the LLC “Kurs-orbital” (https://kursorbital.com/).

ACTIVITIES OF THE CENTER FOR VETERAN DEVELOPMENT IN A HIGHER EDUCATION INSTITUTION

The article characterizes the role of the Center for Veterans’ Development as a structural unit of a higher education institution regarding the professional and social-psychological rehabilitation of combatants. For the implementation of the action plan for 2023–2024 for the implementation of the National Strategy for the creation of a barrier-free space in Ukraine for the period until 2030, clause 106 is provided. The establishment of veteran development centers at higher education institutions in the regions of Ukraine.In 2023, the Center for Veteran Development was established at the Uman Pavlo Tychyna State Pedagogical University. The main goal of the Center is the socio-psychological and professional rehabilitation of combatants and veterans, members of their families.In the Center, military personnel, demobilized military personnel and their relatives have the opportunity to undergo professional training and retraining, receive the necessary psychological, social, legal and other assistance within the framework of reintegration from military to civilian life.The Center cooperates with structural subdivisions of the university, and also provides intersectoral cooperation with local authorities, communities, educational institutions, health care institutions, social sphere institutions and public organizations, which is an important condition for the implementation of the Center’s tasks and requires constant improvement in terms of building bilateral relations relations in order to identify problematic phenomena and improve the provision of quality services.Among such forms are Centers for veteran development at institutions of higher education, which allows for the integration of a complex of tasks: socio-psychological and professional rehabilitation of combatants; training of specialists in the specialties «053 Psychology» and «231 Social Work»; conducting scientific and practical and informational and educational activities in the community, etc.

Usage of Animalistic Illustration in Monetary Signs: International Experience

The purpose of the study is to study animalistic imagery in the design of banknotes and their correlation with the traditional and contemporary culture of the country they represent. The article is aimed at identifying aspects of money design impact on preserving unique heritage of a particular and its positive representation in the world. Research methodology is based on the application of empirical and comparative analysis. The theoretical basis consists of scientific publications on sign systems, certain aspects of banknote design, and the priority of different factors in banknote identification. The source material for the study includes banknotes from countries with different cultural backgrounds containing animalistic images. Scientific novelty. For the first time in the Ukrainian space, the article provides a review and systematization of the use of animalistic illustrations in the design of banknotes from different countries worldwide. The influence of a country’s traditional culture on the design of modern banknotes is explored. A comprehensive analysis of the design of Australian and South African banknotes is carried out from both design and culturological perspectives. Conclusions. Currently, images of fauna representatives are an integral part of the design of banknotes in countries such as South Africa, Australia, Madagascar, South Sudan, the Cook Islands, and New Zealand. The images used in banknote design present unique representatives of fauna specific to regions, which have become an integral part of local traditional culture and contemporary practices. This proves that the design of banknotes is based on a semantic component, particularly on signs that, on one hand, are iconic accurate reproductions of real fauna representatives, and on the other hand, symbols of many cultural mythologies and basic principles of the mentality of the leading ethnic group for a particular country. Studying the correlation between images used in the sign system of a particular country’s banknotes and its traditional culture allows for a better understanding of the specificity of using not only animalistic illustrations in banknote design but also other elements as components of the banknote sign system.

Peculiarities of urban planning organization of underground research complexes

The relevance of the construction and operation of underground research facilities specializing in the fields of astrophysics, particle physics, geophysics and biology has developed significantly over the past 30 years. Underground research facilities are able to provide the necessary conditions for conducting experimental studies of physical phenomena that go beyond the Standard Model of Physics. Among the publications devoted to the theoretical foundations of the development of underground urbanism, it is worth noting the works of E. Reynolds, R. Sterling, W. Breuer, and G. Haiko. The main aspects of the architectural and planning and volumetric-spatial structure of underground buildings and structures are outlined in the works of H. Admiral, A. Cornaro, J. Besner. The exploitation of underground space in the conditions of sustainable development of modern cities is studied in the works of L. von der Tann and S. Ritter, Fang-Le Peng, Yong-Kang Xiao. Ukrainian scientists have made a significant contribution to the theoretical issues of underground urbanism: S.V. Ryndyuk, M.A. Maksymenko. Prospects for the integrated development of underground space in Ukraine are highlighted in the works of T.O. Nishchyk. Scientific works of G.I. Gayko are devoted to the priority tasks of development of underground urbanism in Ukraine, assessment of risks of underground construction, historical development of underground space in Ukraine. The historical development of underground buildings and structures is also studied in the works of V. Biletskyi, L. Korkushko, A. Pleshkanovska. The overview of the planning structure of modern underground research complexes is presented in the articles by A. Ianni, A. Bettini, E. Coccia. The article presents a number of prerequisites that influence the choice of a site for the design of underground research complexes in Ukraine. Their brief description is presented. Based on a preliminary analysis of the world experience in designing this type of facilities, important criteria that should be used when choosing a design site are identified. A complete set of functional zones of the master plan of the above-ground territory of the underground research complex is defined. A number of basic recommendations have been formulated that should guide the designer in the development of the master plan.

FORMATION OF THE INFORMATION SPACE AS AN ELEMENT OF UKRAINE'S HUMANITARIAN POLICY IN THE CONTEXT OF EUROPEAN INTEGRATION

The article examines conceptual features of information space transformations in postclassical era and its implications for Ukraine within the process of European integration of the country. The key concerns of today's information space in Ukraine in its connection with humanitarian policy are considered. The presence of the phenomenon of paradigm shift in the information space caused by war, and the necessity of changing methods of organizing this space as an element of the humanitarian policy of Ukraine, taking into account national realities and the process of European integration, is noted.

Social impact of destruction of urban forests in Ukraine and considerations for their future reconstruction

Urban trees and greenspaces are often damaged in military conflicts. This study examines the current extent of damage caused by war to urban trees and greenspaces in Ukraine, focusing on the consequences to the well-being of residents, and providing considerations for urban forest reconstruction. Urban trees produce a variety of benefits, including habitat for wildlife, reduction of energy use, improvement in physical and mental health of citizens, and an increased sense of community. Past research has shown the association of city trees with (a) lower incidence of under-weight newborns, (b) lower rates of death from cardiovascular disease, (c) reduced deaths during excessive heat events, and (d) improved psychological health. We estimate war-caused changes to urban green space in Ukraine using satellite-based indicators. Within seven cities in eastern Ukraine nearly destroyed by spring 2022, at least 13% of areas predominantly vegetated in 2021 had declined in greenness by 20% or more by the summers of 2022 and 2023. Finally, we briefly summarize five factors that should be considered when reconstruction of war-damaged urban forests and greenspaces is attempted. These include (1) the residents’ desire to have their original environment restored; (2) the unavailability of nursery stock for replanting immediately after the war; (3) the impacts of bombing on soil; (4) the importance of engaging local residents in replanting efforts; and (5) the psychological value of saving some damaged trees as survivors of the war.

Criminal Law Protection of the Ukrainian External Voting to the State Authorities in Post-War Conditions (A Case Study of Poland)

Background. The article explores the potential of conducting elections for state authorities of Ukraine in the foreign electoral district (external voting) in the conditions caused by the full-scale invasion of Ukraine by the Russian Federation on 24 February 2022. According to the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR), with the caveat that the real numbers may be higher due to not all migrants from Ukraine being able to register as refugees, 6.2 million Ukrainians currently reside abroad, with 5.8 million of them situated in Europe. The Republic of Poland hosts the largest number of Ukrainian refugees with temporary protection status, exceeding 1.5 million. Therefore, the research focused on the case of the Republic of Poland, expecting that its findings could be extrapolated to other states where a significant number of Ukrainian citizens reside. Considering that about 20% of Ukrainian citizens reside abroad, including both refugees and those who permanently lived abroad until 24 February 2023, Ukraine must devise effective mechanisms for organising external voting; otherwise, if measures are not taken, less than 0.5% of voters abroad will be able to vote. In particular, it is necessary to develop models ensuring the criminal legal protection of external voting, as election abuses can affect voting outcomes significantly, distort the process, and even lead to the usurpation of power. Methods. Throughout the research, various methods, including logical (analysis, synthesis, generalisation, extrapolation, analogy, modelling, hypothesis), historical, systemic-structural, comparative-legal, and dogmatic methods, have been used. Logical methods played a crucial role in analysing the operation of the Criminal Code of Ukraine, the Code of Ukraine on Administrative Offenses, regarding possible electoral offences committed outside Ukraine during Ukrainian elections held abroad. The historical method was utilised to analyse the experience of the Ukrainian parliamentary elections in 2019. The system-structural method has been applied to formulate proposals for ensuring the legal protection of elections to state authorities outside of Ukraine. The comparative legal method was applied when comparing provisions in the criminal legislation of Ukraine and the Republic of Poland, specifically those pertaining to liability for election offences. The dogmatic method has been used in the interpretation of the norms of the Penal Code of the Republic of Polandestablishing liability for election offences, in the understanding of the norms of the Criminal Code of Ukraine, the Code of Ukraine on Administrative Offenses regarding their application to election offences committed outside Ukraine. The article delves into two primary aspects. Firstly, it examines the jurisdiction under which criminal liability for election offences in Ukrainian external voting is imposed, explicitly identifying the relevant legislation of the involved state. Secondly, it addresses the problems of applying the principles of the operation of the Criminal Code of Ukraine in space concerning the prosecution of electoral criminal offences, including foreigners. Result and conclusions. The authors substantiate the necessity of creating supplementary election precinctswithin the territory of the Republic of Poland, designated for conducting Ukrainian elections beyond the premises of diplomatic institutions of Ukraine and equating them in terms of legal status to the premises of diplomatic institutions of Ukraine. The latter is possible by concluding a bilateral agreement between Ukraine and the Republic of Poland on assistance in conducting Ukrainian external voting on the territory of the Republic of Poland.

Impact of digital transformation on accounting: trends and challenges

The rapid development of the information potential of the digital economic space in Ukraine, the issue of digitalization of the accounting system is becoming of paramount importance are given. The situation is stimulated by the rapid innovation and technological progress and digital transformation of all spheres of social life, as well as the trend of Ukraine's integration into the European economic area. The purpose of the paper is to analyze the current role of digital transformation tools on accounting and to predict the development of its impact in the future. The paper analyzes and assesses the risks caused by the active implementation of digitalization technologies in accounting. The author identifies a number of dangers that will accompany the further rooting of artificial intelligence in information systems, and proposes a number of preventive measures that should be applied within the framework of the general trend of digitalization of accounting. The study was conducted using scientific methods of cognition: abstract and logical and comparative analysis, abstraction, induction and deduction, as well as methods of specification and formalization. It is established that the digital transformation of accounting is positioned as a mandatory optimization stage in the development of the modern business environment. It is substantiated that modern information technologies make it possible to significantly simplify the collection, storage and transfer of accounting information through the introduction of special industry-specific software products. The main digital trends in the process of digitalization of accounting are analyzed, reflecting the vector of the overall development of a sustainable financial environment and the sharing economy. It is proved that the growing use of digital tools makes it possible to make accurate and effective decisions in complex analytical processes. The results of the study may be of practical value for the process of improving the modern accounting system in the context of globalization of digitalization and artificial intelligence technologies. The paper analyzes the feasibility and prospects of applying innovative AI capabilities in the accounting, as well as means and technologies to ensure an appropriate level of security and protection of personal information.

МЕДІА ТА МОВНА ПОЛІТИКА В УКРАЇНІ: ВПЛИВ МОВНИХ ЗАКОНІВ НА МЕДІАПРОСТІР

<p><strong><em>The aim of the study. </em></strong><em>The purpose of the research is to identify and analyze the impact of language laws on the contemporary media space in Ukraine.</em><em></em></p><p><strong><em>Research methodology. </em></strong><em>The following research methods are used in the article: description, analysis, synthesis, comparison, generalization, forecasting. The method of description is used to highlight the language policy of Ukraine with a detailed description of the importance of language policy for the state. Methods of analysis and synthesis, which are applied during the review and research of articles of language laws in order to identify their impact on the domestic media space. A comparison method that was used to compare the language picture before and after language laws were amended or created. The method of generalization was used at the final stage of our research when formulating independent conclusions. The forecasting method made it possible to identify the prospects for research and development of the language policy of Ukraine, its influence on the media space. Also, in our research, the method of content analysis was used, with the help of which we familiarized ourselves with the information in the mass media regarding the language policy of Ukraine. This made it possible to reveal the attitude of representatives of the mass communication media to language legislation and their focus on compliance / non-compliance with language legislation.</em><em></em></p><p><strong><em>The results.</em></strong><em> It was determined that language policy has always been an issue that needed special consideration. At the same time, in 2022–2023, amendments were made to the Law of Ukraine «On Ensuring the Functioning of the Ukrainian Language as a State Language» and the Law «On Media» was adopted. It was established that the adopted amendments to the legislative acts primarily contribute to the development of the state language and reduce the percentage of the functioning of other languages, while the functioning of the language of the occupier is made impossible.</em><em></em></p><p><strong><em>Novelty.</em></strong><em> The paper examines the impact of the language laws of 2022–2023 on the media space of Ukraine in the aspect of understanding language policy.</em><em></em></p><p><strong><em>Practical significance</em></strong><em>. This article has practical significance regarding the improvement of legislation that affects various aspects of the media space in terms of language policy.</em><em></em></p><p><strong><em>Key words:</em></strong><em> laws of Ukraine, mass media, mass communication media, media space, language policy of Ukraine.</em><em></em></p>

National registration of space objects: analysis of problems and solutions

The article is devoted to the study of the legal aspects of the implementation of the norms of space law in Ukraine regarding the implementation of the national registration of space objects. It was established that the registration-legal connection between a space object and the state is a legal element that determines the presence or absence of a stipulated right of state jurisdiction over a space object in outer space. It is proven that the implementation of the exclusive jurisdiction of the state depends on the existence of a clear mechanism for the national registration of space objects and the effective functioning of their state register.
 Based on the analysis of the norms of international space law, it was determined that the «state of registration» of a space object is its «launch state», which maintains a register of space objects. It is emphasized that the «launch state» should introduce a national procedure for registering space objects, which involves the creation of a state register. The legal significance of their registration lies in the fact that entering a space object into the register is a legally significant action that enables the application of the norms of national legislation. It is the “launch state” that has received and implemented the right to register the space object, will have the legal status of the “registration state” and will implement quasi­territorial jurisdiction over the object during its stay in outer space.
 It is argued that the legislative norm on the mandatory state registration of spacecraft in the State Register of Spacecraft of Ukraine does not currently create legal consequences for the subjects of the relevant legal relationship, since the Rules for the Registration of Spacecraft in Ukraine have not been approved by the Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine yet. Legal uncertainty regarding the rules of their registration creates a potentially dangerous jurisdictional vacuum during the stay of spacecraft in outer space, which can lead to the emergence of negative legal situations.
 The primary step of the state in solving this problem should be the establishment of a clear and effective procedure for the national registration of space objects. This will contribute to ensuring legal stability and compliance of Ukrainian space legislation with the norms and principles of international space law, as well as guaranteeing the preservation of Ukraine’s jurisdiction over objects launched into outer space.

Urbanization and industrialization of space in Ukraine: Realities, changes and forecasts for the future

The purpose - characterize the processes and changes in the urban and industrial sphere of Ukraine, evaluate new realities and justify their future forecast in spatial manifestation. Research results. The article includes the concepts: urbanization, industrialization, spatial organization and development; nature and assessment of processes, phenomena and trends in urbanization and industrialization, spatial transformations in cities and regions; forecasting urban-industrial changes and their spatial manifestation. The research was conducted on the comparison of processes, phenomena and changes in the cities and regions of Ukraine. The authors try to combine rational and irrational components, to systematically assess the impact of the processes and phenomena of urbanization, industrialization and entrepreneurship on the spatial organization and development of cities and regions of Ukraine. The state and challenges in the relationship “urbanization - industrialization (entrepreneurship)” were investigated using the five-dimensional urban planning space model substantiated by one of the authors. Ukrainian cities combine industrial, trade, transport and administrative functions. There are also highly specialized centres: industrial, transport, resort, religious, military. Cities growth is mainly due to the expansion of the service economy. Most jobs are created in this area. Migration flows lead to changes in the composition of the urban population with a characteristic predominance of women and people of post-working age. Some Ukrainian cities have a “motley” social structure. This causes a change in population settlement within the city itself. “Values”, “needs” and “activities” of man and society should be central in state development and spatial organization concept. Having a multi- level character, cities have the following properties: reproduction; cyclicality; motivations; individualization, can be real and virtual; variable or permanent; depend on the means and conditions of implementation. Communities have become the most important level of spatial planning in Ukraine today — they make decisions about activities, construction and events on their territory. This will ensure the development of the state, its regions and cities along an effective trajectory. The author's proposals can be used in the General State Planning Scheme and the Regional Planning Scheme. Conclusions. Reconstruction in Ukraine after the war must begin with critical infrastructure: electrical networks, roads, railway connections, gas supply, water pipelines, communication systems; schools and hospitals, provision of temporary housing who have lost it. It is important to focus on creating jobs and generating income, supporting and developing entrepreneurship, spatial and urban policy, and strengthening the energy sector. At the same time, traditional values should not be lost. Relocated enterprises will return to their “historical homeland” after the war and the stabilization of the situation we are talking about resource- and personnel-dependent, as well as areas with high added (intellectual) value. Exceptions will be made by enterprises relocated abroad.

Інклюзивність музейних просторів як можливість розвитку екскурсійної діяльності для осіб з обмеженими можливостями

The theoretical aspects of excursion activities for persons with disabilities are analyzed, modern foreign and domestic practices of inclusion in the tourism sphere are characterized, the main aspects of the introduction of an inclusive museum space in Ukraine are highlighted. It was determined that, taking into account the nature of various features of tourists with disabilities, and to serve each group of such persons, it is necessary to use specialized methods and techniques of conducting excursions. In the course of the study, it was determined that for the introduction of inclusion in museum spaces, it is necessary to inform about the concept of inclusion, work on clarification of the effectiveness of its implementation as an opportunity to increase and strengthen the competence of museum workers, improve the quality of museum services and open new directions of interaction with the public for the implementation of various museum projects . The study of modern domestic practices of excursion service for persons with disabilities shows that the leading museum institutions of Ukraine are actively involved in this process. Having analyzed the foreign experience, it is worth noting that most European states have a high degree of environment adjustment for the development of inclusive tourism and its individual types and excursion activities. Spain, Finland, Greece, the Czech Republic, Germany, France, Austria, and Great Britain are among the countries where almost all elements of the tourist infrastructure are most adapted for the development of inclusive tourism. It was determined that certain strategies aimed at the sustainability of inclusive processes and comprehensive actions, which will include an assessment of the needs of vulnerable groups and their own capabilities, joint development of plans and programs, projects, strategic partnerships and cooperation, organization of feedback communication, communication strategy and representation of its services, as well as elements of advocacy and fundraising.

Communicative strategies of Ukrainian trade journals

In response to the COVID-19 disease and Russia’s full-scale war against Ukraine, Ukrainian industry publications are adapting communication strategies. The purpose of the research was to analyse modern communication strategies of specialized Ukrainian magazines. Methods of functional, logical analysis, synthesis, deduction, induction were used. It was highlighted how Ukrainian professional journals are oriented in new conditions, what is their structure and content. The results show that the structural elements of the same-topic magazines differ and correlate with the topics of the publications and the needs of advertisers. There is also an analysis of intent as an example of representation of professional women in a magazine. The value of the results provides an opportunity to single out the main modern communication strategies and evaluate their impact on the formation of the information space in Ukraine.

EXPERIENCE OF THE ORGANIZATION OF THE PRE-SCHOOL EDUCATIONAL ENVIRONMENT OF THE UK

The article examines the experience of organizing a preschool educational environment in the UK. Features of functioning and educational approaches of preschool educational institutions in the country, particularly kindergartens and preschool centers, are considered. It provides an overview of current early childhood education in the UK and emphasizes its importance for developing children under five. The "Fundamental Program of Preschool Education" – a national document that defines the standards, goals, and content of preschool education – was considered, and its fundamental principles were analyzed, such as the child's overall development, learning through play, partnership with parents, and individualization. The article highlights the role of qualified pedagogical workers and teaching methods that contribute to the development of children in preschool educational institutions. Special attention is paid to play and play activities as an essential means of supporting and stimulating children's development. The article examines the interaction between teachers and parents in the process of preschool education and also notes the importance of involving parents in the educational process. It is substantiated that the introduction of the experience of organizing a preschool educational environment in the UK into the educational space in Ukraine can positively affect the development of children, preparation for school, the development of their creative and analytical abilities, as well as increase the status and quality of preschool education in our country.
 The overall informativeness and relevance of the article make it a valuable resource for those interested in preschool education, teachers, parents, and education professionals.

Democracy and Civic Space: Normative Models and Ukrainian Discourse

The article, authored by Ukrainian and Polish social researchers, analyses normative approaches towards understanding models of democracy and their relation to civic space. Despite the existence of multiple models of democracy, they can largely be reduced to two main forms: direct and representative democracy.Deliberative democracy is posited as a third form, which, according to some scientists, combines elements of representative, direct, and participatory democracy. The analysis is based on the assessment of democracy and civic space in Ukraine, utilising data from six applied international social studies, as well as the evaluation of the modern characteristics of some components of Ukrainian civic space. According to the rating of CIVICUS Monitor, Ukraine has been classified in the category of countries where the civic space is «obstructed» from 2019 to the present time (Autumn 2023). Currently, the advancement of civic space in Ukraine towards more favourable forms of freedom of association, peaceful assembly, and expression of opinion in the country are threatened by several factors simultaneously, with the dominant role being Russia's full-scale war against Ukraine.During the martial law and in the post-war context of Ukraine, civil society acts as an indispensable ally of the authorities in the process of democratic reconstruction. Civil society organizations (CSOs) represent a wide range of social interests, ensuring that the voices of different groups and segments of thepopulation are heard and taken into account. Their broad base allows them to bridge the gap between government and citizens, helping to build trust and ensuring transparency. CSOs have a proven track record of institutional monitoring, which is a critical factor in preserving and strengthening democratic values in a post-conflict environment.The article also uses the results of the authors' previous and current academic research*, as well as the results of twenty years of advocacy and analytical work as public experts in Ukraine and Europe. ==== *Remark. The Ukrainian author relies on the results of her own previous and current academic research within the H. Skovoroda Institute of Philosophy of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine and analytical studies as a public expert, and the research of the Polish co-author was supported by the National Science Center (research project 2019/33/B/HS5/02648).

Ellipsoidal estimation of parameters of rotational and translational motion of a non-cooperative space vehicle from visual information


 The use of near-Earth space is currently complicated by the presence of space debris objects in Earthʼs orbit, which include spent stages of launch vehicles, inoperative spacecraft, and other large and small objects associated with human activity in space. One of the elements of solving the problem of space debris is the docking and capture of an uncontrolled non-cooperative space object or spacecraft by a so-called on-orbit servicing spacecraft to carry out further actions to repair it, refuel or change its orbit. The situation is complicated by the fact that, under the influence of various factors, uncontrolled space objects are in a state of rotation. The parameters of the orbital motion of such objects are known quite accurately from measurements from the Earth. To carry out safe approach and docking, knowledge of the parameters of rotational motion, as well as the parameters of relative motion, is also required. The most general case of motion of a non-cooperative tumbling spacecraft located in an elliptical orbit is considered. It is assumed that the three-dimensional graphic model of such spacecraft is known. The servicing spacecraft (SSC) is equipped with a mono camera that takes pictures of the non-cooperative spacecraft (NSC). Based on a comparison of the characteristic features of photographs and images obtained using the graphical model, the computer vision system (CVS) determines the distance vector to the so-called graphical coordinate system, rigidly fixed on the NSC and the quaternion of its relative attitude. The specific type of CVS is not considered. It is assumed that the SSC carries out some maneuvers near the satellite. All parameters of the SSC angular motion are assumed to be known. This work considers the most general case of the relative motion of SSC and NSC. Using quaternion calculus, all basic kinematic and dynamic equations are obtained. The measured parameters are not enough to ensure safe rendezvous and docking with the NSC. The stochastic characteristics of errors of the CVS measurement are not assumed to be known and, accordingly, are not used. Only their maximum values are specified for them. We consider the use of new dynamic set-membership filter using ellipsoids to solve the problem of determining the parameters of the relative motion of the NSC which is in free uncontrolled motion. The filter can be implemented under conditions of the limited computational capability available on onboard processors. The relative motion parameters include the distance vector between the centers of mass (c.m.) of the NSC and the SSC, the relative velocity vector, the quaternion of the orientation of the main axes of inertia of the satellite relative to the inertial coordinate system, the ratio of the moments of inertia of the satellite, the vector of the position of the NSC c.m. in the graphical coordinate system. The properties of the proposed algorithm are demonstrated using numerical simulation. The results obtained are expected to be used in the development, creation and testing of a navigation system for the rendezvous and docking of the SSC, developed by a group of Ukrainian space industry enterprises under the leadership of the LLC «Kurs-orbital» (https://kursorbital.com/).

Ways to increase ecotourism services in the international tourism market

The experience of foreign countries and international organizations regarding the development of ecological tourism was analyzed, and the activities of progressive, scientifically based global practices were investigated. The main problems that prevent the implementation of international experience in the Ukrainian space have been identified, namely: lack of state support for the development of rural, ecological (green), agrarian tourism; low level of information support; imperfection of the legislative and regulatory framework; limited amount of investment resources; insufficiently practical application of the mechanism of public-private partnership when attracting non-traditional sources of financing investment projects; low level of activity of local authorities in the development of ecotourism; lack of tax benefits for persons involved in the provision of ecotourism services. The priority directions for developing ecotourism in Ukraine are given, taking foreign experience into account. The importance of developing and popularizing Ukrainian ecological tourism on international markets as an element of ensuring a stable situation in the tourism industry is noted. Ecotourism products on the international tourist services market were studied. The types and classifications of ecotourism products, organization, and promotion of tourist services in the international tourist market were studied. It has been established that ecological tourism is gaining more and more popularity and occupies a significant place in the tourism industry. It was determined that the emergence of a new type of tourism has a positive effect on the economic development of countries. The most popular in ecological tourism are tours to those countries where there are still priceless natural resources. It was analyzed that the primary goal of ecotourism is the study and preservation of the environment, the preservation of priceless landscapes. This is the main difference from other types of tourism. The potential for the development of international ecotourism is significant. However, it needs to be used more. Thus, one of the main tasks in the field of tourism development is the creation of ecological paths and ecotourism paths. Ecological tourism can be a specialization that will become a competitive alternative to irrational economic activity and, with the support of state institutions, a natural mechanism for ensuring the region's sustainable development. Thus, the development of international ecotourism is a necessary prerequisite: the availability of resource potential, a harmonious combination of natural and anthropogenic objects, and a network of tourist routes that can become the basis of road tourist routes. Keywords: eco-tourism, prospects, solutions, problems, implementation, tour