Space In America Research Articles

ORGANIZATION OF A FAVORABLE EDUCATIONAL ENVIRONMENT FOR THE AT RISK CHILDREN IN THE USA

This article considers the issue of deviant behaviour and its prevention among the children at risk in the USA. The aim of the study is to reveal the influence of a favorable educational environment on the at risk children. Theoretical research methods have been used in this study: analysis of scientific sources, systematisation and generalisation of available data. The results of this investigation give possibility to state that among other ways of overcoming deviations in the behavior of at-risk minors, scientists consider the possibility of creating such an educational environment in which the educational influence of the team on the individual is fully realized. The axiological content of the idea of collectivity as a factor in overcoming the deviant behavior of minors during pedagogical interaction with them consists in changing their worldview. They get rid of the feeling of loneliness, isolation, their uselessness, the external environment is no longer seen as distant and hostile, but open, more understandable and benevolent. Such processes activate the need for communication and interaction in a teenager with deviant behavior, which leads to the improvement of such mechanisms as self-awareness, self-acceptance, and praxis. A teenager learns to understand and adequately perceive others, control his actions and emotions, feels the need for empathic and long-term relationships. All these phenomena in their totality, in our opinion, determine the processes of self-correction and overcoming deviations in behavior. The study of the researches of US scientists shows that the pedagogy of the country has already accumulated some experience in educating minors in the spirit of collectivism. In particular, the idea of country camps and the scouting movement, which is one of the traditional forms of organizing educational space in America, finds a new sound in the context of its importance for the process of overcoming deviant behavior of teenagers in the team. A favorable educational environment is created for minors with deviant behavior, who find it difficult to study in traditional educational institutions and often stop studying, also through social inclusion. Inclusion of children with deviant behavior is implemented with the help of alternative education, which in the USA is represented by alternative schools (public or private); alternative educational programs that can operate in regular traditional schools; original teaching strategies aimed at the assimilation of knowledge by all students. Alternative schools are characterized by expanding the degree of freedom of children both in choosing the content, forms and methods of learning, and in evaluating the results of activities, which always contributes to the formation of the child and as a subject of culture within the framework of his life activities and life creativity. Alternative schools for at-risk minors include charter schools, magnet schools, contract schools, correctional schools, multicultural schools, mixed schools, voucher programs, and homeschooling.

CDA IN THE PERCEPTIONS OF THE PUBLIC SPACE OF IMMIGRATION: THE IDEOLOGY AND ELEMENTS OF HALLIDAY´S THEORY (SFG) IN THE INTERPRETATION OF MIGRATION NARRATIVES IN THE US PUBLIC SPACE

The key point of this article is to provide an interpretation of the selected immigration narratives of two periodical New York Post and New York Daily News, focusing on CDA and the ideological issues approached from the perspective of critical linguistics relies on SFL Halliday (1985) and Hart (2014). This article applies the theoretical understanding and concepts associated with CDA, to the interpretation of media literature and periodicals. Because CDA and SFG have a common relation in the link between language and society. Accordingly, the study investigates a number of statements/ texts in the public space in America by means of critical methods associated with CDA; the aim is to discover the mechanisms by means of which tabloids manage to persuade/ manipulate a certain target audience of Western readers.

Negotiating Muslim Women’s Rights and Identity in American Diaspora Space: An Islamic Feminist Study of Kahf’s The Girl in the Tangerine Scarf

This paper addresses the narrative of a Muslim woman who struggles to negotiate her rights, identity and sense of belonging in an American diaspora space. Despite the difficulties and obstacles of being regarded as an “other” in her adopted homeland, Khadra Shamy, the protagonist in Mohja Kahf’s The Girl in the Tangerine Scarf, chooses to maintain her Islamic identity with a new interpretation of her faith while attempting to build a hybrid identity as an American Muslim. The narrative implies that not all Muslims interpret their religion in the same way and that Muslims identify themselves with Islam to differing degrees. Hence, the media and critics of Islam clearly distort social reality when they depict all Muslims as extremists and all Muslim women as abject individuals. In addition, the employment of Islamic feminism in the analysis of the novel is an approach that can help enhance our knowledge concerning problems connected to the patriarchy that are pertinent in many Muslim communities, including ones in the West. The diaspora space in America has become a platform for Muslim women to gain more freedom, particularly the freedom to negotiate their rights and identities and to reinterpret religious teachings in a new light, a freedom that they may not be able to achieve in some Muslim-majority countries.

Letters to the Essex County Penitentiary: David Selden and the Fracturing of America

This article examines the political and cultural debate over public sector strikes in the United States in the 1960s and 1970s through a close reading of letters sent to the President of the American Federation of Teachers, who had been imprisoned for violating an anti-strike injunction in 1970. These letters help us to understand the relationship between the public sector labor movement, fears of cultural and moral degeneration, and the decline of New Deal liberalism. The article argues that Selden, figuring prominently in a series of advertisements sponsored by the AFT, served as an empty vessel for many other national debates. First, the letters show how public discussions over the crises brought on by teacher strikes fractured the American political center from the ground up as much as—as some historians have argued—from the top-down. Second, responses to Selden's imprisonment show how ideas about the legitimacy of unions changed during the tumultuous course of the late 1960s. Third, the often illegal action of striking by teachers led many to write to Selden that the United States was failing morally, and in a larger sense, culturally. Finally, the many advertisements defaced by newspaper readers and re-encoded with very different messages highlights a space in America's “right turn” that has been under-examined in the historiography—the space in which the individual interacted with the mass media. Taken together, these letters provide a historical window into the moment in which the origins of a new politics and culture emerged in the United States.

Scandihoovian Space in America’s Upper Midwest: Impersonating Ole and Lena in the Twenty-First Century

Settled by Norwegians and Swedes in the nineteenth century, America’s Upper Midwest has come to be regarded imaginatively by residents as a “Scandihoovian” space, thanks largely to the evolving presence of Ole and Lena. These comic, tural challenges confronting immigrants, but by the late nineteenth century they had in broken-English dialect. Ole and Lena thrived in the twentieth century as they were not only impersonated by comic performers throughout the region, but also popularmore Swedish than Norwegian, and typically performed by Scandinavian Americans, Ole and Lena have come to be viewed as mainly Norwegian and their impersonators may be non-Scandinavian-Americans who consider the characters to be emblematic of Upper Midwesterners, whatever their descent.

Sacred Space in America

Sacred Space in America

The Geographical Imagination of Barack Obama: Representing Race and Space in America

Se ha notado que el trabajo geográfico relacionado con raza y espacio usualmente ha pasado por alto las geografías de los afro-americanos individualmente. Este artículo aporta a la literatura relacionada con raza y espacio al enfocarse en Barack Obama, el 44to presidente de los Estados Unidos. Inusual en muchas maneras, Obama ofrece la oportunidad de combinar dos tipos de análisis en este artículo. Primero, sus memorias, Dreams From My Father (Sueños de mi padre), es tratado como un texto geográfico, a través del cual podemos discernir su imaginación geográfica. Segundo, este artículo discute el carácter espacial de identidades raciales, particularmente "whiteness," que han hecho evidente las impresiones públicas de Obama. Juntas, estas discusiones pudieran ayudarnos a entender el punto en el cual las geografías personales de Barack Obama se intersectan con entornos raciales mas amplios que demuestran un creciente hibridismo y permeabilidad.

Muslims in Western politics

Acknowledgments Note on Transliteration1. An Institutional Approach to the Politics of Western Muslim Minorities, by Adulkader H. Sinno, Indiana University Part 1. Western Muslims and Etablished State-Religion Relations 2. Claiming Space in America's Pluralism: Muslims Enter the Political Maelstrom, by Yvonne Yazbeck Haddad, Georgetown University and Robert Stephen Ricks, Georgetown University 3. The Practice of Their Faith: Muslims and the State in Britain, France, and Germany, by J. Christopher Soper, Pepperdine University and Joel S. Fetzer, Pepperdine University 4. Religion, Muslims, and the State in Britain and France: From Westphalia to 9/11, by Jorgen S. Nielsen, University of BirminghamPart 2. Western Muslims and Political Institutions 5. Muslim Underrepresentation in American Politics, by Abdulkader H. Sinno, Indiana University 6. Muslims Representing Muslims in Europe: Parties and Associations after 9/11, by Jytte Klausen, Brandeis University 7. Muslims in UK Institutions: Effective Representation or Tokenism? by Abdulkader H. Sinno, Indiana University and Eren Tatari, Indiana UniversityPart 3. Institutional Underpinnings of Perceptions of Western Muslims 8. How Europe and Its Muslim Populations See Each Other, by Jodie T. Allen, Pew Research Center and Richard Wike, Pew Research Center 9. Public Opinion toward Muslim Americans: Civil Liberties and the Role of Religiosity, Ideology, and Media Use, by Erik C. Nisbet, Cornell University, Ronald Ostman, Cornell University,and James Shanahan, Cornell University 10. The Racialization of Muslim Americans, by Amaney Jamal, Princeton UniversityPart 4. Western Muslims, Civil Rights, and Legal Institutions 11. Canadian National Security Policy and Canadian Muslim Communities, by Kent Roach, University of Toronto 12. Counter-Terrorism and the Civil Rights of Muslim Minorities in the European Union, by Anja Dalgaard-Nielsen, Danish Institute for International Studies 13. The Preventive Paradigm and the Rule of Law: How Not to Fight Terrorism, by David Cole, Georgetown University 14. Recommendations for Western Policymakers and Muslim Organizations, by Abdulkader H. Sinno, Indiana UniversityList of Contributors Index

Space in America

Space in America

The Sun City Wars: Chapter 3

A revealing indicator of social fragmentation in metropolitan America is the proliferation of common interest developments (CIDs), communities defined by restrictive covenants, deed restrictions, community associations, and citizens groups that wield substantial political influence and power. In Phoenix, large-scale retirement communities represent a conspicuous form of CID, populated by Anglo, middle, and upper-middle class elderly migrants who display high levels of political organization and participation. We present a case study of heated conflict between retirees in Sun City West—who see themselves as separate from the larger metropolitan region—and surrounding communities in the Dysart School District. The conflict is fraught with age, social class, and cultural tensions and evolves around seniors wielding political muscle in defeating school funding measures, controlling the Dysart governing board, and seeking to de-annex themselves out of the district to avoid paying school taxes. We argue that political conflict between advantaged seniors and neighboring working class Latino communities is symptomatic of troubling divisions across urban social space in America, raising thorny questions about the nature and scale of community, political representation and power, and fostering the public good in the face of "secession of the successful" from the larger polity.

Consider the source: a case against outsourcing materials selection in academic libraries

Based on a talk given at the ALCTS/CMDS meeting at ALA Midwinter 1998, argues that outsourcing approval plans to vendors creates a prejudice against the alternative press. Business is guided by the interests of corporate America rather than those of providing exposure to all points of view. Argues that as the last truly free public space in America, library managers have a duty to make alternative materials available for use and to secure the independence, integrity and accountability of America’s libraries.

The New Reality: Media Technology and Urban Fortress

Advocates of the “information superhighway” claim that it will create a more democratic society and that it will help abolish ethnic and social barriers. On the contrary, the new technology is more likely to further segregation than to establish a forum for interaction among all fragments of society. This article, based on a series of case studies, explores the impact of the information superhighway on America's urban landscape—from the privatization of public space to the fortification of the backyard—and reveals a changing attitude toward public space in America.

Geopolitics and Pacific Strategy

THE term Geopolitics of the Pacific is dangerous because we are at war. In a global war, the geopolitical examination of individual areas is bound to produce tragic mistakes if it starts out as a special study. It is only possible to make a comprehensive survey of the global aspects of Axis strategy and then draw conclusions that would have a bearing upon specific parts of the earth. The reason why they must be based on the geopolitical foundations of Axis strategy is that the aggressor dictates the law of the war as long as he holds the initiative. The discovery that the whole of the globe is a single unity and that there are no Seven Seas but one single ocean, was made by early geopoliticians a century ago. It was a revolutionary discovery because it meant that any action, taken anywhere, is liable to produce reactions at the antipodes. It was so revolutionary, indeed, that many nations and men persevered in isolationist superstitions up to our time. Although the young science of geopolitics took most of its inspirations from the wide spaces of America as well as from her foreign policy which has always been guided by spatial considerations (Monroe Doctrine, Spanish-American War), Americans have been peculiarly reluctant to accept the theories of Ritter and Ratzel who, though reared in small countries and on dynastic and ideological concepts rather than on ideas of space, might have taught a lesson or two to the antagonists of Presidents McKinley, Wilson and Roosevelt. The so-called Second World War actually is the first deserving of this name. This is the reason why it is so difficult to realize its scope. In the geopolitics of war, the present struggle takes precisely the place which the discovery of the New World occupied in the geopolitics of peace. While then the whole world became an integral entity, now the whole war must be seen as an indivisible occurrence.