SP1 Values Research Articles

Pan-cancer analysis of Sp1 with a focus on immunomodulatory roles in gastric cancer

BackgroundSp1, a transcription factor, regulates essential cellular processes and plays important tumorigenic roles across diverse cancers. However, comprehensive pan-cancer analyses of its expression and potential immunomodulatory roles remain unexplored.MethodsUtilizing bioinformatics tools and public datasets, we examined the expression of Sp1 across normal tissues, tumors, and immune cells, and screened for pre- and post-transcriptional modifications, including genetic alterations, DNA methylation, and protein phosphorylation, affecting its expression or function. The association of Sp1 expression with immune cell infiltration, tumor mutational burden, and immune checkpoint signaling was also investigated. Single-cell transcriptome data was used to assess Sp1 expression in immune cells in gastric cancer (GC), and findings were corroborated using immunohistochemistry and multiplex immunofluorescence in an immunotherapy-treated patient cohort. The prognostic value of Sp1 in GC patients receiving immunotherapy was evaluated with Cox regression models.ResultsElevated Sp1 levels were observed in various cancers compared to normal tissues, with notable prominence in GC. High Sp1 expression correlated with advanced stage, poor prognosis, elevated tumor mutational burden (TMB), and microsatellite instability (MSI) status, particularly in GC. Significant correlations between Sp1 levels and CD8+ T cell and the M1 phenotype of tumor-associated macrophages were further detected upon multiplex immunofluorescence in GC samples. Interestingly, we verified that GC patients with higher Sp1 levels exhibited improved response to immunotherapy. Moreover, Sp1 emerged as a prognostic and predictive biomarker for GC patients undergoing immunotherapy.ConclusionsOur pan-cancer analysis sheds light on the multifaceted role of Sp1 in tumorigenesis and underscores its potential as a prognostic and predictive biomarker for patients with GC undergoing immunotherapy.

Effect of Residuses Clover and Yellow Corn (spring lug) under The effect of Different Tillage Systems in the Growth Characteristics and Yield of the yellow Corn crop (autumn lug) Cultivated according to Crop Rotation system in Soil Gypsiferous

Crop rotation system was practiced under the effect of different tillage systems to find their influence on the growth characteristics and yield of corn (autumn season) inagypsiferous soil. Clover and corn crop were planed in spring season 2018-2019. Under the effect no tillage system (NT) and the reduced tillage (RT) and conventional tillage (CT) , and keeping on levels (0% , 50% , 100%) for their residues after experiment harvesting. In autumn season planted corn was (autumn season) in the same site of spring season under the same effect of the same factors studied in the first experiment in addition to the factor of the percentage of residues of the previous crop. Growth characteristics, plant height and dry matter yield were studied. After harvesting, the yield characteristics were studied (number of rows, weight of cobs , weight of 500 seeds , grain yield) for each experimental unit to determine the effect of the studied factors on it. Results showed that there was no significant difference between the NT system and the RT system in the characteristic of plant height, both of which were significantly superior to the CT system, with a percentage greater than (2.13 and 1.9) % respectively. while for the dry matter yield the RT system was significantly superior to NT, with a percentage greater than (6.14)% and was not significant with CT. As for the yield characteristics the RT system significantly superior the NT system and the CT system in the characteristic (number of rows , weight of cobs , weight of 500 seeds , and grain yield) for the yield of maize (autumn season) and a percentage of superiority of (7.2 , 8.7 , 4.2 and 11.2) % respectively, compared to the lowest average. Also, clover residues were significantly superior over the corn residues (spring season) in plant height and dry matter in the rate of (1.72 and 8.66) % respectively, in percentase superior to (NS , 14.8 , 7.2 and 15.5 )% in the number of rows and weight of sprouts and weight of 500 seeds and the grain yield on respectively of the corn crop (autumn season) cultivated according to the crop rotation system. By increasing the level of residues from 0% to the level of 100%, the growth characteristics of plant height and dry matter increased significantly, the increase superior was (2.78 and 40.85)% , respectively. As for yield characteristics (weight of cobs , weight of 500 seeds , and grain yield) of corn yield (autumn season ) the level 100% superior on level of 0% from residues values ​​(263.34 g and 178.40 g and 6685.09 kg ha-1) and in the rate (10.5 , 7.6 and 16)%, respectively. As for the number of rows there was no significant between the levels and the three interferences treatment NT.C.C2Re100% and RT.C.C2Re100% gave the high significance in plant height a value of (198.33) cm for both. The treatment is NT.C.C2Re100% with a value of (5663.9) kg ha-1 in dry matter yield and the treatment is RT.C.C1Re 100% in the number of rows a value of (16.33) row sp-1 and the treatment NT.C.C2Re 100% in the weight of 500 seeds a value of (189.11) g and in the grain yield total value (7740.4) kg ha-1 compared to the other study treatments.

Sp1 and COX2 expression is positively correlated with a poor prognosis in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma.

Previous studies showed that celecoxib, a cyclooxygenase-2 (COX2) inhibitor, can inhibit angiogenesis and metastasis of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) via the suppression of specificity protein 1 (Sp1). In this study, we investigated the prognostic value of Sp1 and COX2 in 88 PDAC patients. Our study showed there was a positive correlation between Sp1 and COX2 expression (P=0.001) by using the Spearman's rank test. Pearson Chi-square test revealed that Sp1 and COX2 expression were positively associated with lymph node metastasis (P<0.05, both). In addition, the Kaplan–Meier analysis showed that patients with Sp1- or COX2-positive expression exhibited poorer overall survival (OS) than those with Sp1- or COX2-negative expression (P<0.05, all). Most importantly, Sp1- and COX2-negative patients had the best OS (P=0.01). In multivariate analysis, Sp1 expression (P=0.03), COX2 expression (P=0.04), and nuclear grade (P=0.009) were found to be independent predictors for OS. Moreover, we confirmed that Sp1 could upregulate the expression of COX2 in PDAC cell lines by western blot analysis, and both are of important prognostic value in PDAC.

The prognostic value of EGFR Sp1–216 gene polymorphism in locally advanced rectal cancer treated with preoperative chemoradiation

4123 Background: Development of preoperative chemoradiation (CRT) followed by surgery have reduced the rate of local recurrences in locally advanced rectal cancer, but some patients still die from ...

SP1 as a Novel Scaffold Building Block for Self-Assembly Nanofabrication of Submicron Enzymatic Structures

In this study, SP1, a ring-shaped highly stable homododecamer protein complex was utilized for the self-assembly of multiple domains in a predefined manner. Glucose oxidase (GOx) was fused in-frame to SP1 and expressed in Escherichia coli. Complexes where GOx encircled SP1 dodecamer were observed, and moreover, the enzymatic monomers self-assembled into active multienzyme nanotube particles containing hundreds of GOx molecules per tube. This work demonstrates the value of SP1 as a self-assembly scaffold.

Pregnancy specific β1 glycoprotein (SP-1) in maternal serum and amniotic fluid; Preeclampsia, small for gestational age fetus and fetal distress

Pregnancy specific β1 glycoprotein (SP-1) levels have been suggested to correlate with certain obstetrical complications. We compared maternal serum SP-1 levels in normal pregnancies ( N = 82), and pregnancies complicated by pre-eclampsia ( N= 37), small for gestational age fetuses ( N = 8) and fetal distress ( N = 13). We also compared levels of this protein in mid-trimester amniotic fluid samples obtained from normal ( N = 47) and small for gestational age fetuses ( N = 25). Despite trends towards low maternal serum and amniotic fluid SP-1 values in complicated pregnancies, there were no statistically significant differences in their levels as compared with normal gestational age matched controls ( P > 0.005). These data do not support the use of SP-1 values in clinical practice.

Pregnancy-specific beta 1-glycoprotein in serum in monoclonal gammopathies: relationship with serum beta 2-microglobulin, and cellular origin.

Pregnancy-specific beta 1-glycoprotein (SP1) was assayed by particle-counting immunoassay in serum from 86 healthy blood donors and 236 patients with various types of gammopathy. A concentration of 1 microgram/L was taken as the upper normal limit. Abnormally high values were found in one of 10 patients with monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance, in 65% of 152 patients with multiple myeloma, in 84% of 64 patients with Waldenström's macroglobulinemia, and in seven of 10 patients with monoclonal gammopathies associated with other myeloproliferative disorders. In a study of 90 myeloma patients, the SP1 value correlated (p less than 0.001) with the concentration of beta 2-microglobulin in serum, a value which had been corrected for possible renal dysfunction, but not with the concentration of the monoclonal component. SP1 was detected by direct immunofluorescence in myeloma cells of bone-marrow smears from six of 10 patients with myelomatosis. These six patients had serum SP1 values greater than 1 microgram/L, whereas the four patients with fluorescence-negative myeloma cells had SP1 values less than 1 microgram/L.

Immunohistochemical markers of sweat gland tumors.

Using immunoperoxidase methods, normal sweat glands, 44 benign and 4 malignant sweat gland tumors were tested for the presence of carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), pregnancy-specific-B1-glycoprotein (SP1) and actin (ACT). CEA and SP1 stained the secretory and duct-lining cells of normal eccrine glands. Among benign tumors, 74% were positive for CEA and 44% for SP1. The staining reaction was found mainly in luminal secretions and surrounding cells. Staining by SP1 was reduced, but not suppressed, after absorption with the purified antigen. ACT was found in myoepithelial cells of the secretory tract of normal glands and in basal cells of all cases of hidradenoma papilliferum. Only 3 sweat gland carcinomas reacted for CEA. In a malignant chondroid syringoma, no ACT-positive cells were seen in the myxochondroid stroma. The potential value of CEA, SP1 and ACT in the diagnosis of sweat gland tumors is discussed.

Human chorionic gonadotrophin and pregnancy-specific beta-1-glycoprotein in predicting pregnancy outcome and in association with early pregnancy vomiting.

Serum concentrations of human chorionic gonadotrophin (HCG) and pregnancy-specific beta 1-glycoprotein (SP1) were measured in 99 women between the 6th and 10th gestational week, before the onset of pregnancy-threatening complications. The markers failed to predict threatening abortion appearing 9-112 days after sampling (n = 11), regardless of whether the pregnancy continued (n = 2) or ended with abortion (n = 9). Normal HCG and SP1 values were observed in 4 women who subsequently had preterm delivery. 14 women with daily vomiting had higher mean serum concentrations of HCG (p less than 0.01) and SP1 (p less than 0.05) than 12 women of the same gestational duration without nausea or vomiting. Our results thus show that random single HCG or SP1 determinations have minimal clinical value in predicting the failure of pregnancy and that early pregnancy vomiting seems to be associated with raised serum HCG and SP1 concentrations.

The relationship between serum β1-glycoprotein and α-fetoprotein levels in the second trimester and birth weight

Pregnancy-specific /3 1-glycoprotein (SP1) is produced by the placenta and released into the maternal circulation in steadily increasing amounts, with peak concentrations occurring at the thirty-eighth gestational week. Low SP1 levels have been found in association with intrauterine growth disorders in the third trimester, but this association has been less clear in the second trimester.1 Second-trimester SP, observations have been sparse. We carried out the present study to evaluate further whether a relationship might exist between second-trimester SP1 levels and birth weight and to compare SP1 with a-fetoprotein (AFP), the association of which with birth weight is already well defined. We selected 84 frozen, banked second-trimester serum specimens associated with viable singleton infants s2,500 gm. We then selected an equal number of similarly stored serum samples associated with infants ~3,500 gm, matched for maternal weight and gestational age. Fetal sex distributions were the same in both groups. The population from which samples were obtained was white. SP1 and AFP measurements were performed on these samples by means of radioimmunoassays developed in our laboratory. Median SP1 and AFP values are presented for lowbirth weight and normal-birth weight groups in Table l. While significant differences exist between the groups for both proteins measured, AFP is the more striking of the two. The two graphs in Fig. I contain

A prospective study of three biochemical fetoplacental tests: Serum human placental lactogen, pregnancy-specific β1-glycoprotein, and urinary estrogens, and their relationship to placental insufficiency

The relationship between abnormal biochemical fetoplacental test results and placental insufficiency was studied in a group of high-risk obstetric patients. The urinary estrogen: creatinine ratio and serum human placental lactogen (hPL) and pregnancy-specific beta 1-glycoprotein (SP1) were measured in more than 1,600 patients. Fifty-one patients were found to have abnormal biochemical results, and the placentas from these patients were sent for the assessment of placental insufficiency by pathologic examination, which was expressed as a placental insufficiency score. Low hPL was found to be the best biochemical indicator of placental insufficiency, and 84% of the patients with a low level of hPL had an elevated placental insufficiency score. The combination of low levels of hPL and urinary estrogen was found to be the best indicator of placental insufficiency associated with retarded intrauterine growth, and 83% of the patients who had low results in both of these tests had elevated placental insufficiency scores and were delivered of light-for-dates infants. The measurement of SP1 was found to be of limited value in detecting retarded growth, but patients with low SP1 values showed an increased incidence of fetal hypoxia. Attention is drawn to the fact that the discrepancies that occur in the various estimations are not necessarily due to artifact, and specific pathologic processes which could account for some of the anomalous results are identified.

Human placental lactogen, pregnancy-specific beta-1-glycoprotein and alpha-fetoprotein in serum in threatened abortion

The predictive value of HPL, SP1 and AFP in serum were determined in 109 women admitted to hospital because of vaginal bleeding in the 6th to 19th gestational week. The prediction of abortion based on the initial analysis from the day of admission was found to be 91.7%, 75.9% and 81.8% for HPL, SP1 and AFP, respectively. The corresponding values for prediction of successful outcome were 68.7%, 73.6% and 65.4%. The HPL and AFP determinations were, however, found to be valid only after the 9th and 12th gestational week, respectively. A highly significant positive correlation (r = 0.84, P < 0.001) was demonstrated between HPL and SP1 suggesting that SP1 measurements might replace HPL in the evaluation of the prognosis in threatened abortion.

Serum levels of pregnancy-specific beta 1-glycoprotein (SP1) in women with pregnancies at risk.

Pregnancy-specific beta 1-glycoprotein (SP1) concentrations were measured by nephelometry in 133 serum samples from 74 women in their last trimester of pregnancy. All women carried one child but their pregnancies were complicated by pre-eclampsia, essential hypertension, diabetes mellitus or rhesus isoimmunization. Most of the women with pre-eclampsia or essential hypertension who gave birth to infants of normal weight had SP1 values evenly distributed within the reference range. Women with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus who gave birth to infants to normal birth weight or large-for-date infants had SP1 levels well within the reference range and even showed a tendency to overrepresentation above the geometric mean. Women with rhesus isoimmunization all delivered infants of normal birth weight. Their SP1 values were near or above the geometric mean of the reference range. No special pattern of SP1 levels was observed in relation to the severity of the immunization.

Pregnancy-specific beta 1-glycoprotein (SP1) in serum from women with pregnancies complicated by intrauterine growth retardation.

Serum concentrations of pregnancy-specific beta 1-glycoprotein (SP1) were measured by nephelometry in 37 women with single pregnancies complicated by intrauterine growth retardation (IUGR). Sixty-seven blood samples were examined for their contents of SP1 in pregnancy weeks 29 to 40. The SP1 values were compared with those obtained in a cross-sectional study of 323 women and a serial study of 21 women (210 samples) with uncomplicated single pregnancies. It was found that a serum SP1 value below 80 mg/l in a single blood sample drawn in pregnancy weeks 32 to 34 had a predictive value of 50% for IUGR and a value above or at 80 mg/l had a value of 93% for predicting a normal infant birth weight. Serial samples from individual women with uncomplicated single pregnancies showed an average increase in the SP1 concentration of 49% from pregnancy weeks 30 to 36. In serial samples from six women with IUGR infants there was no such increase, or a decrease occurred. It is concluded that SP1 measurements in maternal serum are valuable for the detection and monitoring of pregnancies complicated by IUGR.

Use of Circulating Pregnancy-Specific β1 Glycoprotein as a Marker in Carcinoma of the Breast in Women&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="fn2"&gt;2&lt;/xref&gt;

Pregnancy-specific beta 1 glycoprotein (SP1) was determined by radioimmunoassay in sera from 27 normal women, 33 women with benign breast disease, and 191 women with carcinoma of the breast, staged for extent of the disease. All diagnostic groups exhibited substantial overlap in SP1 values. Those with benign breast diseases tended to have values at least as high as those with cancer. Normal patients tended to have slightly lower values, but this difference may well have been due to the younger ages of the normal patients in our sample, because SP1 values tended to increase with age. Immunochemical dilutions of SP1 in the serum with the highest value (10.2 ng/ml) did not differ significantly from standard placental SP1.

Pregnancy-specific β1-glycoprotein as a screening test for at-risk pregnancies

A serum assay was performed on 605 women for pregnancy-specific β1-glycopcotein (SP-1) between 31 and 34 weeks’ gestation. SP-1 was also estimated for 255 of these women between 15 and 20 weeks’ gestation, coincidental with maternal serum alpha-fetoprotein (AfP) screening. A clinical classification of pregnancy outcome was constructed for each group. SP-1 values at 31 to 34 weeks’ gestation in pregnancies that resulted in the birth of a small-for-dates (SFD) infant were statistically different from those in normal pregnancies (p < 0.001). value of 100 mg per liter was chosen as suitable discriminatory level 31 to 34 weeks, below which SP-1 had a sensitivity of 64% a predictive value of 24% and defined a relative risk of 5.3 for SFD infants.These parameters compare favorably with published data on the use of human palcental lactogen as a screening test. No statistical relationship was found between SP-1 va1ues at 31 to 34 weeks weight, and birth weight placental weight, parity, or other abnormal pregnancy outcomes. SP-1 screening at 15 to 20 weeks’ gestation showed no correlation with serum AFP or with other parameters studled. (Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol. 141:499, 1981.)